Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty male workers in a lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory were examined with regard to health in comparison with an external control group of 20 clerks. Case history, physical examination, neurologic status, and ECG revealed no significant differences between groups. However, the following significant differences in clinical-chemical blood tests were ascertained: higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher reticulocyte count, lower prothrombin (Quick's) test, and lower blood concentrations of creatinine and uric acid. No significant differences were observed in total red and white blood cell as well as platelet counts, hemoglobin content, the other counts of differential blood picture, gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH, cholinesterase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea. In spite of a pronounced exposure to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, no signs of severe impairment of health were observed; only small deviations in some laboratory tests were found having no pathologic significance. However, biological monitoring and health supervision of HCH-exposed workers should be carried out.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane. II. Health conditions of chronically exposed workers. 616 31

Sex, age and 21 routine liver function assays were analyzed by stepwise selection and the best-of-all-possible-combinations method to identify a small group of assays valuable in establishing which liver cirrhosis (LC) patients have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), when alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is not elevated. Data was obtained from 115 HCC and 122 LC patients on admission. Tumor size correlated with AFP (0.73), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 0.47), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, 0.42), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH, 0.42), and the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) ratio (GOT/GPT, 0.41). The mean of the correct diagnosis rates (CDR) of HCC and LC utilizing AFP as the sole parameter (89%) was markedly higher than those of the other parameters. The best-of-all-possible-combinations method presented a more powerful combination than stepwise selection. The best combination of 7 parameters (LAP, GOT/GPT, choline esterase, one-hour erythrocyte sedimentation rate, age, albumin/globulin ratio, and total bilirubin) presented a mean CDR of 80%, HCC CDR of 77%, and false positive rate of 18%. LC patients statistically diagnosed as having HCC by these 7 parameters are proposed as high risk patients. Fourteen (78%) of 18 HCC patients who were AFP-negative were statistically diagnosed. This analysis can be applied to LC patients to distinguish those that should be followed closely by imaging diagnostic techniques.
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PMID:Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis using liver function assays. 620 37

The use of metronidazole in radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer (SFD = 20 Gy) as a radiosensitizer of tumor hypoxic cells resulted in changes of the liver function tests: a decrease in the cholinesterase activity, a decrease in the level of cholesterol and albumin esters in the blood serum that characterize synthetic liver function. Similar though more noticeable in amounts shifts were marked in stomach cancer patients following preoperative irradiation (SFD = 20 Gy). A slight decrease in AP activity and a decrease in LDH activity below the initial level were simultaneously noted in the latter group as opposed to the group of laryngeal cancer patients. The deviations from the initial level of such liver function indices as bilirubin and total protein level, alanine and asparagine aminotransferase activity did not depend on the incorporation of metronidazole in the radiotherapeutic scheme and developed one way in the intervention and control groups of patients disregarding tumor site. The comparison of shifts of the liver tests in stomach and laryngeal cancer patients in whom tumor site was responsible for the incorporation of the liver in the irradiated zone or for the distance from it, made it possible to regard MZ direct toxic effect and its radiosensitizing effect on the hepatic tissue as causes of the observed deviations.
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PMID:[State of the liver after radiotherapy of cancer of the stomach and larynx with metronidazole radiosensitization]. 651 53

Using the both methods. RaBA-Super System (Rapid Blood Analyzer System), the clinical values for chemical constituents of blood in Shiba goats bred in Stock Farm, University of Tokyo, were determined on the following items: total protein, albumin, TTT, glucose, BUN, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, CPK, cholinesterase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) All items determined were to be analyzed by means of the RaBA-Super System, although the values for total cholesterol, TTT, ALP and CPK varied considerably with individuals. 2) The values of adult female goats were significantly higher than those of young ones in total protein and albumin, and lower in glucose, cholinesterase, ALP and CPK. 3) The values of GPT and BUN of adult female goats in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and autumn. 4) The values for triglyceride and albumin of adult female goats using the RaBA-Super System were inconsistent with those analyzed simultaneously by the manual method, but a significant linear correlation was recognized between the both methods.
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PMID:[The clinical values fro chemical constituents of blood in normal miniature Shiba goats (author's transl)]. 720 32

The amyloid beta-protein (A beta) of Alzheimer's disease is derived from a family of large integral membrane glycoproteins, beta-amyloid precursor proteins (beta APP). Two secretory proteolytic pathways are involved in the metabolism of beta APP. The major pathway involves cleavage within the A beta sequence and generates carboxyl-truncated derivatives of beta APP which are secreted into the conditioned medium of cells. The minor 'amyloidogenic' pathway results in the production of A beta. Here, cell cultures were used to examine the metabolism of beta APP by tacrine, a centrally active cholinesterase inhibitor reported to improve cognitive deficits. Treatment with tacrine in cells resulted in the drastic inhibition of secretion of the major isoforms of beta APP into the medium. The effect of tacrine can be reversed by washing away the drug from the cells. Treatment with tacrine did not change the level of either HSP-70 or LDH. Thus, the inhibitory effect of tacrine on the secretion of beta APP was not due to the permanent damage or loss of cells as normal release of beta APP could be restored when the drug was washed away.
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PMID:Reversibility of the effect of tacrine on the secretion of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in cultured cells. 789 57

Measurement of the serum enzyme activity is generally used as a screening test for hepatic and biliary diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of serum enzyme activity as indices of health by analyzing relationships to changes in nutrient intakes. The results obtained were as follows: In cross-sectional studies gamma-GTP (1) and LDH-4 and -5 isozyme levels had a significant negative correlation to dietary intakes of vitamin C and protein, but total serum gamma-GTP and LDH activities had no correlation. Intake trials of these nutrients showed that high intake levels of vitamin C related to decrease in isozymes levels while low protein intake resulted in increases. Serum GPT activity had a negative relationship to vitamin C intake in men, but was not correlated with nutrient intakes in women. Serum ALP activity was affected positively with vitamin B intake in 40-79 year old men and women. There were statistically significant correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and energy, and food intake patterns.
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PMID:[Relationship of nutrient intake to serum enzyme activity]. 824 33

Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were determined in 197 alcoholics. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms was compared with the ratio in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with emotional disturbance or with transient hallucination was significantly lower than that in patients without these symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio tended to be lower in patients with alcohol withdrawal convulsion or with delirium tremens as compared to patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio had a negative correlation with plasma total bilirubin and LDH and had a positive correlation with plasma choline esterase and albumin. Oral administration of amino acid preparations (Aminoleban EN) to the patients elevated the BCAA/AAA molar ratio and normalized liver function. These results indicate that abnormalities of amino acid metabolism caused by liver damage in alcohol dependence may have an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:[Plasma amino acid levels in alcoholics]. 834 3

Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were determined in 292 alcoholics. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms was compared with the ratio in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with transient hallucinations or with delirium tremens was significantly lower than that in patients without these symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio tended to be lower in patients with alcohol withdrawal seizures than in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio had a negative correlation with plasma total bilirubin and LDH, and a positive correlation with plasma cholinesterase and albumin. These results indicate that abnormalities of amino acid metabolism caused by liver damage in alcohol dependence may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Aromatic and branched-chain amino acid levels in alcoholics. 906 12

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, has been implicated in non-cholinergic actions which may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. To study the potential cytotoxicity of brain AChE, the effects of affinity purified AChE were analyzed on neuronal (Neuro 2a) and glial-like (B12) cells. LDH release and MTT reduction assays showed that AChE was toxic; the toxicity was dependent on the enzyme concentration, time of incubation and cellular density. The toxic effect of AChE was not related to its catalytic activity, since the anti-cholinesterase drug BW284C51 and heat inactivation were unable to block the effects of the enzyme. When cells were incubated at 4 degrees C, toxicity was completely blocked, in contrast to cells incubated at 37 degrees C. The presence of serum in the culture medium inhibited the toxic effects of AChE. Cytoplasmic shrinkage, condensation and fragmentation of nucleus as well as DNA strand breaks detected with the TUNEL technique indicated that apoptotic cell death is involved in the effect of AChE. Considering that we have previously shown that AChE promotes the assembly of beta-amyloid peptide into neurotoxic amyloid fibrils, it is conceivable that the neurotoxicity of AChE shown here may play a role in the neuronal degeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:Toxic effects of acetylcholinesterase on neuronal and glial-like cells in vitro. 967

Hair and urine metal accumulation was studied in healthy children living in different pollution areas. The levels of biogenic amines, the activity of the enzymes LDH, AP, and cholinesterase were also determined in the exhaled air condensate (EAC) and urine. High accumulation of metals, low EAC levels of biogenic amines, high activity of the urine enzymes were observed in the children residing in high polluted areas. At the same time these changes were less marked in the moderately polluted areas. The revealed changes allow one to select children at risk and to make health-promoting measures.
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PMID:[The informational significance of metal bioaccumulation in the hair of preschool children]. 1019 75


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