Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following ingestion of [N-14CH3]cocaine (10 mg, 2.3 muCi) by 2 healthy subjects, breath, saliva, serum, and urine samples were collected serially. Labeled CO2 production was monitored as a measure of N-demethylation of cocaine. The cumulative excretion of 14CO2 in 5 hr was 2.4% and 6.2% of the administered dose with half-lives of 2.3 and 1.4 hr, respectively. The greater N-demethylation was found in a subject with lower plasma cholinesterase activity. Radioactivity excreted in 0 to 28 hr urine reached 65% to 75% of the dose. Ecgonine methyl ester, a product of cocaine hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase, was identified as a major metabolite in the urine of both subjects and accounted for 32% to 49% of the urinary metabolites.
 ...
PMID:Metabolism of cocaine in man. 63 29

The action of the cholinesterase reactivator isonitrosine on gas homeostasis was studied in experiments on intact dogs. It has been found that oxygen consumption and CO2 release by tissues were enhanced within the period from 15 min to 6 days following isonitrosine administration. Simultaneously, oxygen return by the blood was improved. Such action of isonitrosine was unrelated to its effect on the cholinesterase activity of red blood cells.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of isonitrozine on gas homeostasis]. 145 58

14C-carbofuran penetrated readily into seeds of Vicia faba and the rate of penetration was found to be dose dependent. The percentage of bound residues was generally low and did not exceed 3% of the applied dose. When the bound residues were fed to rats 46% of the radioactivity was eliminated via CO2 and urine, while tissues contained 25%. Carbofuran phenol and 3-hydroxy carbofuran represented the main metabolites in the urine. These data indicate that bean-bound carbofuran residues are highly bioavailable to rats. Feeding mice with bound carbofuran residues for 90 days led to inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity after 30 days (35-40%) while the plasma enzyme remained unaffected. Serum transaminases and blood urea nitrogen were significantly elevated, indicating injury to hepatic and renal structures. The results strongly suggest that the bound residues can induce adverse biological effects in mice.
 ...
PMID:Bioavailability to rats and toxicity in mice of carbofuran residues bound to faba beans. 152 62

In rabbits anesthetized with 70% N2O-30% O2, the rate of efflux of acetylcholine (ACh) from the cerebral cortex doubled during hypercapnia (increase of end-tidal CO2 from 4 to 8%), and during mild nociceptive stimulation of the tail. Under 0.7% halothane anesthesia, the control rate of ACh efflux was lower than that under N2O; the rate rose 2-fold during hypercapnia and 4-fold during tail stimulation. In the absence of systemic atropinization, increase in ACh efflux was correlated with a shift in EEG from high- to low-voltage ('activated'); after systemic atropinization EEG remained in the high-voltage state, but the changes in ACh efflux with hypercapnia and stimulation were not affected. Following transection of the midbrain, ACh efflux was markedly depressed and did not change during hypercapnia. Taken in context with the previously known facts that the cerebral hyperemia of hypercapnia is potentiated by cholinesterase inhibition and attenuated by atropine or decerebration, the present results support the concept of a cholinergic regulation of the cerebral vasculature.
 ...
PMID:Cortical acetylcholine efflux with hypercapnia and nociceptive stimulation. 402 96

The effects of infusions of ouabain on chemoreceptor activity recorded from the peripheral end of a sectioned carotid sinus nerve were studied in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Ouabain caused a marked increase in chemoreceptor discharge followed by a decline in discharge to frequencies near or below the pre-ouabain level; during the latter period further administration of ouabain had no effect. Infusion of ouabain during hypoxia further increased the chemoreceptor discharge, but this effect was short-lasting. On intracarotid administration ouabain was less effective in cats with the ganglioglomerular (sympathetic) nerves cut, whereas on intravenous administration no significant difference was observed. Following intravenous administration of ouabain the chemoreceptor peak discharge occurred with dose levels similar to those needed to cause cardiac arrhythmias, but following intracarotid administration the chemoreceptor discharge peaked at doses about 40% of those causing arrhythmias. During ouabain-induced excitation the stimulatory action of NaCN, CO2-equilibrated Locke solution and acetylcholine was potentiated, as was the chemo-inhibition induced by dopamine. During the post-excitatory period the responses evoked by these substances were reduced or abolished. Neither mecamylamine, a nicotinic antagonist, nor physostigmine, an anti-cholinesterase, affected the response of the carotid chemoreceptors to ouabain. The major finding of this study was that ouabain initially 'sensitizes' the carotid body chemoreceptors and then 'desensitizes' them. The most likely mechanism responsible for these effects is the well established Na+--K+-ATPase-inhibiting property of ouabain.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ouabain on carotid body chemoreceptor activity in the cat. 687 75

Ten patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were subjected to CO2 laser turbinectomy. Tiny (1 mm3) biopsy specimens were taken at the time of surgery and 1 month thereafter. The biopsy specimens were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Also, the activity of succinic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase enzymes was measured. The study showed that laser turbinectomy was followed by reduction in the number and activity of the glandular acini in the laser-treated areas. This reduction is ascribed to the local destructive effect of laser energy on the glandular acini and on the surrounding cholinergic nerve fibers. The enzymatic activity of the cholinergic nerve fibers themselves, however, did not diminish, indicating that laser surgery has no inhibitory effect on the local allergic reaction.
 ...
PMID:Laser surgery for allergic rhinitis: the effect on seromucinous glands. 1022 3