Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of aqueous extract of Eugenia caryophyllus on brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in rats was studied. Results indicate that the aqueous extract reduced the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) by AChE. This reducing effect was not due to the acidic nature of the extract and suggests that Eugenia caryophyllus contains some water soluble substance(s) with anti-choline esterase activity.
 ...
PMID:Effect of aqueous extract of Eugenia caryophyllus on brain acetylcholine esterase in rats. 0 34

The role of intercellular pathways in the ADH-dependent water transport was studied on the frog urinary bladder by means of acetylcholine (AC) and other cholinergic compounds. AC (10(-3) M) was found to cause a strong suppression of the pituitrin-stimulated water flow. Analogous effect was produced by AC on the osmotic flow stimulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and theolin. The antipituitrin effect was not reproduced either by nicotine, nor by potent M-cholinomimetic agents (methylfurmetide and F-2268), and was not prevented by M- and N-cholynolytic drugs (atropine, metacin, flaxedil, hexamethonium). However, the antipituitrin effect of AC was completely removed by the anticholinesterase drugs with different mode of action (eserine, proserine, armin, acridine iodmethylate, GD-42) in concentrations of 10(-6)--10(-3) M. It was concluded that the smooth muscles contraction with the subsequent closure of the intercellular spaces was not responsible for the antipituitrinic action of AC. This effect appears to be connected with cholinesterase activation. A possible role of the phosphoinositides in the water permeability regulation of the urinary bladder wall is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of acetylcholine on the pituitrin induced osmotic flow of water through the wall of the frog urinary bladder]. 8 Oct 76

Efforts to evaluate precision of the Michel delta pH method for blood cholinesterase, performed in a beaker immersed in a 25 C water bath, resulted in unexpected variability in results of daily and day-to-day replicate analyses. Most disturbing was the considerable variation between each four-hour period of an eight-hour day (AM and PM measurements). Precision of quadruplicate sets, expressed as coefficient of variation, ranged from plus or minus 0.5% to 8.5%. By rigidly controlling temperature with a water-jacketed reaction vessel the variation was reduced to plus or minus 1.7%. A study of effect of temperature on the method showed that a one-degree change in temperature resulted in a 5.5% change in plasma activity and a 3.0% change in red blood cell (RBC) activity. A graphing of the influence of temperature on reaction rate produced a linear relationship. Identical thermodynamic data were obtained with plasma and RBC samples that were inhibited 50% with an irreversible anticholinesterase agent.
 ...
PMID:Delta-pH method for measuring blood cholinesterase. A study on the effect of temperature. 23 36

When homogenates of cat or rat superior cervical ganglia in Krebs-Ringer solution were incubated at 37 degrees C, the ensuing decrease in acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) activity was increased significantly by prior administration in vivo of tetramonoisopropylpyrophosphotetramide at doses that produced selective alkylphosphorylation of butyrylcholinesterase or propionylcholinesterase. These findings are consistent with the proposal that the latter enzymes are posttranscriptional precursors of acetylcholinesterase. Results of similar studies with homogenates of ganglia in water or in M NaCl/1% Triton X-100 were inconclusive, as were those of heat-inactivation studies and immunoprecipitation of the enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Interrelationships between ganglionic acetylcholinesterase and nonspecific cholinesterase of the cat and rat. 29 97

Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) has been coupled to supports of titanium (IV) oxide and cellulose, which are particulate and pre-coated with diazotised 1,3-diaminobenzene, giving water-insoluble and stable derivatives which possess low proteolytic activity but high esterolytic activity. In addition the reversible binding of zinc (II) at the active site of papain has been exploited to inhibit protectively the enzyme during its linkage to the aforementioned supports, thereby yielding water-insoluble derivatives of papain having superior activity upon reactivation with EDTA. Application of the improved procedure of enzyme coupling to macroporous cellulose particles gave a water-insoluble derivative of papain having further enhanced proteolytic activity. Other properties of the water-insoluble derivatives of papain and of similarly prepared water-insoluble conjugates of urease (EC 3.5.1.5) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) with cellulose are also reported.
 ...
PMID:Active water-insoluble derivatives of papain and other enzymes based on preformed diazonium-type supports. 40 36

Adult male rats were exposed to 7.9 mumol/1 (300 ppm) of styrene for 2--11 weeks 6 h daily excluding Saturdays and Sundays. The exposures caused a marked styrene accumulation in brain and perinephric fat, and the accumulation tended to increase upto the 4th week. The body styrene content decreased thereafter gradually towards the end of the experiment to reach half of the styrene content of the 4th week. Serum creatine kinase activity increased at the initial stage of the exposures while serum non-specific cholinesterase was below the control range at the same time. Earliest biochemical changes were detected at the 9th week of exposure, and they included increased activity of lysosomal acid proteinase. Increased enzyme activity prevailed to the end of the exposures. Simultaneous minor alterions could be detected in spinal cord axonal protein pattern whereas water-soluble protein composition in cerebellum did not change. Biochemical alterations in brain were not accompanied by significant changes in serum enzyme activities. It is concluded that marked metabolic adaptation to inhaled styrene takes place. Serum enzyme determinations may prove valuable in the adaptation period whereas they may not reflect beginning chronically neurotoxic effects.
 ...
PMID:Effects of chronic styrene inhalation on rat brain protein metabolism. 60 86

Albino rats were kept for a year under conditions of everyday motor loading or of a constant hypokinesia. An increase of the motor activity results in rise in the acetylcholinesterase activity determined in the synaptosomal and purified mitochondrial fractions while hypokinesia induces a pronounced decrease in this enzyme activity. The butyrylcholinesterase activity somewhat decreases in the synaptosomal fraction after hypokinesa but does not change under the motor loading regime. Motor loading causes an increase in the amount of synaptosomal water-soluble proteins possessing an intermediate electrophoretic mobility and seem to correspond to the brain-specific protein 14-3-2. In the synaptosomal fraction the amount of membrane proteins with a low electrophoretic mobility and with the cholinesterase activity rises. Hypokinesia, on the contrary, decreases the amount of these membrane proteins.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of motor regimes on water-soluble and membrane proteins and cholinesterase activity in subcellular fractions of rat brain tissue]. 62 7

Content of organophosphorous inhibitors (with the structure RO/CH3/P/O/SC2H4SC2H5) of cholinesterase as well as their hydrophobic properties (distribution coefficient in hexan/water system) were studied in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Relative content of organophosphorous inhibitors was distinctly decreased in supermicrosomal fraction with increase of hydrophobic properties of the fraction. Nuclear and mitochondrial fractions contained the more hydrophobic substances in relatively higher amount. When homogenate of supermicrosomal fraction was incubated at 37 degrees, own brain cholinesterase was not depressed by organophosphorous inhibitors, containing in the fraction at low concentration. The phenomenon exhibits that content of free organophosphorous inhibitors is distinctly lower in the subcellular fractions studied than amount of the inhibitors, extracted with chloroform.
 ...
PMID:[Intracellular distribution of phosphoorganic cholinesterase inhibitors in rat brain]. 73 75

The Dutch aquatic environment was monitored from September 1969 to December 1975 for organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites, cholinesterase inhibitors, and aromatic amines. The 1,492 samples analyzed included surface water, rainwater, groundwater, and drinking water. The highest concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha- and beta-benzene hexachloride (BHC) were found in the Rhine River and its tributaries. Concentrations of the compounds in the Dutch part of the Rhine River decreased downstream. Other organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin alpha- and beta-endosulfan, and sigmaDDT were detected occasionally, but only in low concentrations. Cholinesterase inhibitors and aromatic amines were always present in the Rhine River and its tributaries.
 ...
PMID:Organochlorines, cholinesterase inhibitors, and aromatic amines in Dutch water samples, September 1969--December 1975. 74 May 17

At the same temperature and with adequate circulation of blood or receptor solution beneath it the permeability of the stratum corneum of the rabbit ear to T2O or to 32P-TPP was the same in vivo as in vitro. When skin permeability was measured in vitro, the subcutaneous adipose tissue present in the full-thickness skin of the rat delayed the penetration of CR, a lipophilic substance with a low water solubility, and decreased the permeability constant by nearly 3x. The retardant solvent PEG 300 did not penetrate the stratum corneum; it formed a hydrogen-bonded complex with the cholinesterase inhibitor VX, thereby reducing the thermodynamic activity and penetration rate of this compound through the stratum corneum. The accelerant solvent DMSO removed protein components from the stratum corneum; electron microscope studies showed that the cells of stratum corneum so treated became separated from one another, and their contents became stainable in bulk with Pb++, indicating the creation of new diffusion pathways. When the temperature, clearance of penetrant from the lower surface of the stratum corneum and penetrant formulation were the same in vivo as in vitro, and the surface of the stratum corneum was saturated with the penetrant or its solution, the results of permeability measurements made in vivo were similar to those made in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting the permeability of skin. The relation between in vivo and in vitro observations. 75 61


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>