Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

This study analyzed the nutritional status of cancer patients in relation to type and site of origin of the tumor, stage of disease, and previous chemical or radiation therapy. The analysis was performed on 321 patients (280 with cancer and 41 controls). The nutritional parameters included per cent of weight loss, anthropometric indices (arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference), creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and cholinesterase, C3 and C4 components of complement, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters.
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PMID:Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients. 709 67

The authors study 14 different analytical parameters in the pleural fluid in order to recognize differential biological criteria, helping to establish an etiologic diagnosis in patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and biological data of an infectious process. In a group of 38 patients with bacterial exudative pleural effusion (22 of tuberculous origin and 16 secondary to non-specific bacterial infection), the following parameters were analyzed: total proteins, acid glucoprotein, X1, antytripsin, CDH, acid phosphatase, amylase, cholinest, copper, iron, pCO2, pO2 pH, glucose, and cholesterol. The results of amylase, copper, pCO2, pO2 and pH determinations in the pleural fluid show statistical significant differences between the tuberculous cases and the patients with non-specific infections. Lastly, the authors mention the minimal biological criteria necessary to confirm the tuberculous or non-specific bacterial etiology of a pleural fluid, stressing the value of the levels of cholinesterase, copper, pO2 and pH as differential data.
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PMID:[Tuberculous pleural effusion and pleural effusion secondary to non-specific bacterial infection: biochemical differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. 736 79

EuCl3.6H2O was administered by gavage for 28 consecutive days to groups of 10 male and 10 female rats (Slc:Wistar strain) at doses of 0, 40, 200, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Additional groups of male and female rats receiving the 0 and 1000 mg/kg doses were used to assess recovery after 14 days subsequent to cessation of compound administration. Body weights and food consumption were measured, and hematological, clinical biochemistry, and histopathological examination were performed. The concentrations of europium (Eu) and of essential elements in organs were determined by ICP-MS or ICP-AES. In the rats of each sex dosed at 200 and 1000 mg/kg, the body weight gain significantly decreased because of reduction in food consumption. Hyperkeratosis of the forestomach and eosinocyte infiltration of the stomach submucosa were found in both sexes receiving the 1000 mg/kg dose group, suggesting an irritation effect by EuCl3.6H2O. The Eu levels increased dose dependently in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and femurs, and the accumulated volume of Eu in these organs was estimated to be about 1/100,000 of the total dosed amount. The administration of EuCl3.6H2O increased the serum iron concentration in males and the serum total iron binding capacity in each sex and decreased cholinesterase activity in females in the 1000 mg/kg dosed group. Iron concentrations in the spleen and strontium concentrations in the femurs of rats of both sexes dosed at 1000 mg/kg were significantly decreased. We concluded that the no-observed-effect level is 200 mg/kg/day. Our investigation demonstrated that elemental analyses of organs is a useful approach to toxicological study.
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PMID:Toxicity study of europium chloride in rats. 747 67

Age-related changes of 27 items in serum chemistry were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes from 6 to 30 weeks of age. The following 12 items were shown as an increase in those values during growth and maturity, i.e., total protein, albumin (female only), glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid (female only), beta-lipoprotein, cholinesterase (female only), asparate aminotransferase (female only), creatinine, direct-bilirubin and total-bilirubin. However, the following 4 items decreased with aging, i.e., asparate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and inorganic phosphorus. No age-related changes were found in the values for calcium, sodium and chloride in both sexes and for alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase and albumin in males. The sex differences were shown in the following 12 items: higher values in males were alkaline phosphatase, creatinephosphokinase, glucose and inorganic phosphorus, and higher values in females were cholinesterase, albumin, phospholipid, non-esterified fatty acid, urea nitrogen, direct-bilirubin, total-bilirubin and serum iron. No sex-related differences were found in the values for calcium, sodium, chloride and total cholesterol.
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PMID:[Age-related changes and sex differences on the serum chemistry values in Sprague-Dawley rats--I. 6-30 weeks of age]. 749 31

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the ability of single and combined prognostic parameters in predicting postoperative infections in cancer surgical patients. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The Younden's index (YI) was used to select threshold values of the parameters. This analysis was applied in 398 patients undergoing curative elective surgery for gastric, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer. At admission, the percentage of body weight loss, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, and serum cholinesterase activity were evaluated. In all patients, the type and rate of postoperative infection were recorded. Multiple logistic analysis showed weight loss as the most predictive variable (p = 0.02), when taken individually. Its best cutoff value was 10% (YI = 1.27, p = 0.00001, ROC area = 0.62). When serum albumin was added as the second-best variable, with a threshold of 35 g/L, the combined YI was 1.27, and the ROC area was 0.65 (p NS vs. weight loss). Total lymphocyte count dichotomized at 2200 million/L was the third variable added to weight loss and serum albumin (YI = 1.31, ROC area = 0.59). In conclusion, weight loss split at 10% appears as the only index with a moderate prognostic performance that is worth evaluating in the preoperative nutrition assessment. A nonsignificant improvement of predictive ability was obtained by the combination of serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, or serum cholinesterase activity.
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PMID:Lack of improvement of prognostic performance of weight loss when combined with other parameters. 774 43

The experiment was carried out on male white rats of own breed which were receiving for 8 months lead acetate 200 mg/l, cadmium acetate 50 mg/l and ferrous chloride 100 mg/l with drinking water. The experimental groups received lead, cadmium, lead with cadmium, and the last group received every other day alternatingly iron or lead with cadmium. The activity of selected blood enzymes, haematological indices was determined and the memory test was carried out. In all experimental groups a decrease was noted of haemoglobin level and haematocrit value, with an increase of choline esterase and reduced learning effectiveness--most pronounced in the group treated with cadmium, less evident in groups drinking water with lead or cadmium and lead, and not significant in the group receiving iron with lead and cadmium.
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PMID:[Studies on the chronic toxicity of a mixture of lead, cadmium and iron given to white rats with drinking water]. 777 80

In 1992 people aged 65 years and over represented 11.9% (men) and 17.2% (women) of the Swiss population, and in 2000 the average 65-year-old man or woman can expect to live about 12 more years. Old age is characterized by multimorbidity, an accumulation of chronic conditions and diseases, and by social isolation. Multimorbidity and isolation (living alone) are the major risk factors for malnutrition. 30-60% of all persons aged 65 years and over show one or more subnormal nutritional parameters. The unspecific and oligosymptomatic clinical picture of malnutrition in the elderly often hinders an early diagnosis, and malnutrition is often misdiagnosed as "wasting away syndrome" of the old. Thus, the nutritional assessment of the elderly should become a routine diagnostic procedure. Detection of malnutrition involves assessment of nutritional parameters including history (eating habits, appetite), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference), serum proteins (albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, retinol binding protein), vitamins (B12, folic acid, B1, B2, B6, C and D), minerals and trace elements (zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron), immunologic skin tests and lymphocyte count. Depending on the history and the clinical symptoms, a selected number of these nutritional parameters are assessed. When assessing the nutritional status of the elderly it is important to define the etiologic factors involved. Thus, treatment of underlying causes and refeeding can be streamlined, so that maximum benefit can be obtained for the quality of life of the elderly.
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PMID:[Special aspects of malnutrition in geriatrics]. 787 97

Thirty-two crossbred (Suffolk x Rambouillet) wether lambs were used to examine the effectiveness of protein source (soybean meal [SBM] or fish meal [FM]) in alleviating decreased performance associated with dietary aflatoxin (AF) in growing lambs. After a 21-d adaptation period to concentrate diets, lambs were assigned to the following dietary treatments: 1) SBM, 0 mg of AF; 2) FM, 0 mg of AF; 3) SBM + 2.5 mg of AF/kg diet; or 4) FM+2.5 mg of AF/kg diet (two lambs/pen; four pens/treatment). Diets were fed 35 d, at which time AF was removed from the diet (except one pen/protein source) and lambs continued on study for an additional 32 d. On d 67, all lambs were killed and necropsied. Average daily gain, feed intake, and gain/feed were similar (P > .10) among lambs fed SBM or FM; however, lambs fed AF had lower (P < .01) feed intakes, daily gain, and gain/feed. Feed intake remained lower (P < .01) after AF was removed from the diet. Aflatoxin elevated (P < .01) aspartate amino transferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities and total protein and cholesterol concentrations while decreasing (P < .05) alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholinesterase, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, iron, and total-iron-binding capacity. Hematocrit, white blood cell count, and prothrombin time increased (P < .01) in lambs fed AF. No AF or protein effects were seen on ruminal VFA, pH, or lymphocyte blastogenesis (P > .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of aflatoxin in growing lambs fed ruminally degradable or escape protein sources. 805 74

alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein, an acute phase reactant synthesised by the liver, has been reported to be increased in neoplastic conditions and reduced in chronic liver disease. We measured serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by a nephelometric method in 186 subjects (112 males, 74 females): 55 had mild chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis and steatofibrosis), 45 cirrhosis, 38 hepatocellular carcinoma, 15 extra-hepatic malignant disease; 33 healthy subjects were used as controls. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant variability among groups (F = 17.08, P = 0.0000). Higher concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were detected in malignant extra-hepatic disease than in all other groups (P < 0.01); concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were higher in hepatocellular carcinoma than in cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis by groups (dependent variable = alpha 1-acid glycoprotein; group 1 = mild chronic liver disease + cirrhosis; group 2 = hepatocellular carcinoma) showed a significant correlation for both group 1 (r = 0.6264, F = 8.005, P = 0.0000) and group 2 (r = 0.8947, F = 13.643, P = 0.0000). The significant standardised regression coefficients were: cholinesterase, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase and iron (negative) for regression upon group 1; C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antiproteinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, iron (negative) for regression upon group 2. A difference between the 2 regression equation coefficients was detected (F = 5.209, P = 0.0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increase of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein despite the decline of liver synthetic function in cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma. 810 7


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