Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biochemical and histochemical methods have been used to determine both activity and distribution of choline ester hydrolases in the rabbit liver. Acetylcholinesterase was detected in kupffer cells, predominantly in th centri- and mid-lobular regions. Neither the activity nor the distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity was influenced by the intravenous injection of zymosan or the iron-dextran complex imferon on at dosages known to stimulate reticuloendothelial phagocytic function. Although this finding suggests that acetylcholinesterase is not primarily concerned with the pocesses of phagocytosis, there exists the possibility that reticuloendothelial acetylcholinesterase may have a function in metabolism of phagocytosed lipids and esters. Butyrylcholinesterase was present in both hepatocytes and the intrinsic hepatic nerves. Polarization of hepatocyte butyrylcholinesterase activity was noted; the enzyme activity being most marked in the centrilobular hepatocytes. Hepatocyte butyrylcholinesterase activity was unaffected by the intravenous administration of zymosan or imferon. The intrinsic hepatic nerves were present only in portal tracts and interlobular septa, there being no evidence for the existence of an hepatic parenchymal plexus. These findings by cholinesterase histochemistry were confirmed by controlled neurohistological techniques. The morphological findings suggest that the intrinsic hepatic nerves regulate blood flow through the organ and are possible sensory to the bile ducts.
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PMID:Neuronal and non-neuronal choline ester hydrolases in the rabbit liver. 75 96

Four hundred twenty-two cancer patients who underwent major surgery were studied. At admission, nutritional status was evaluated in all patients by assessing serum albumin (SA), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), total lymphocyte count (TLC), serum cholinesterase activity (CHE), and weight loss (WL). All patients received perioperative short-term antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative total parenteral nutrition. Prognostic ability of nutritional indicators was assessed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area beneath the ROC curve (Az) is an index of predictor performance when its value ranges from 0.5 (chance performance) to 1 (perfect prediction). Specificity, sensitivity, Youden index, and predictive values were determined for each nutritional parameter within a wide range of potential threshold values. Postoperative septic complications were observed in 85 (20.14%) patients. The Az values for the considered nutritional parameters ranged from 0.52 to 0.57 and that showed the low predictive ability of the parameters. When sensitivity and specificity for each nutritional parameter were examined at different thresholds, a clearly more predictive cutpoint was not observed, but ranges of values with a similar predictivity were observed. Significant ranges of predictivity were found for SA (33 to 35 g/L), for TIBC (2200 to 2300 micrograms/L), for TLC (2100 to 2200 million/L), for CHE (1700 to 1900 U/L), and for WL (7% to 12%). The higher values of Youden index were as follows: 1.183 for WL (cutoff 11%), 1.150 for TLC (cutoff 2100 million/L), and 1.145 for SA (cutoff 35 g/L). In conclusion, ROC curve analysis showed that the nutritional parameters had a low predictive ability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of the predictive performance of nutritional indicators by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. 149 23

The effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred barrows. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatments of 9 barrows each fed diets containing 1) 0 mg AF and 0 mg DAS/kg feed (control), 2) 2.5 mg AF/kg feed, 3) 2.0 mg DAS/kg feed, or 4) 2.5 mg AF + 2.0 mg DAS/kg feed for 28 days (10-14 weeks of age). Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and pathologic measurements were made. Body weight and body weight gain were significantly decreased by each toxin but more so by the combination treatment. The effects were additive in nature. Liver and spleen weights, as percentages of body weight, were increased by the AF and AF + DAS treatments, and AF or AF + DAS treatments induced diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar change, early portal fibrosis, and early bile duct hyperplasia. Aflatoxin increased serum values of creatinine and gamma glutamyl transferase, cholinesterase, and alkaline phosphatase activities; increased packed cell volume and hemoglobin; and decreased urea nitrogen and total iron binding capacity. DAS reduced serum iron binding capacity. The AF + DAS treatment increased serum gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, increased hemoglobin, and decreased serum iron binding capacity. Generally, the combination treatment could be described as additive or less than additive, with most of the effects attributable to AF. Under the conditions and parameters monitored in this study, AF and DAS had no synergistic toxic effects when incorporated into diets of growing barrows.
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PMID:Cocontamination of swine diets by aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. 189 33

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin, singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred (Yorkshire x Landrace x Hampshire) pigs. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 6 barrows each fed diets containing 0 mg of AF and T-2/kg of feed (controls; group 1), 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed (group 2), 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (group 3), or 2.5 mg of AF plus 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (AF + T-2; group 4) ad libitum for 28 days (7 to 11 weeks of age). Production performance, and serum biochemical, and hematologic evaluations were made weekly. Body weight and body weight gain were depressed by all toxin treatments, but the effect of AF and T-2 toxin in combination was less than additive. Liver and kidney weights, as a percentage of body weight, were increased by AF treatment, and heart weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased by T-2 treatment. Treatment with T-2 toxin induced necrotizing contact dermatitis on the snout, buccal commissures, and prepuce. Consumption of AF resulted in increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Consumption of T-2 toxin resulted in increased serum triglyceride concentration and decreased serum iron concentration. Treatment with AF induced lower serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity and high RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, and prothrombin time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of treatment of growing swine with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. 224 Jul 92

The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on some nutritional variables were prospectively investigated in 12 severely cachectic patients with advanced cancer. The following variables were determined before and at 5-day intervals during the 20-day administration of TPN: anthropometric indices (body weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, arm muscle area, arm fat area, total body muscle mass); biochemical indices (total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, total iron binding capacity, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, retinol binding protein, urinary 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretion, nitrogen balance); and peripheral lymphocyte count. TPN was delivered at 49.5 nonprotein kcal/kg-1/day-1 (80% as dextrose and 20% as fat) and amino acids 1.9 g/kg-1/day-1. A significant increase was obtained in body weight, triceps skinfold, arm fat area, and retinol binding protein. All remaining anthropometric and biochemical parameters did not show any significant positive or negative change, although nitrogen balance remained positive. No significant liver toxicity was apparent after the TPN period. It was concluded that although TPN is unable to completely reverse some nutrition-related variables in cachectic patients with cancer, most patients were kept within a normal range and some improved. Therefore, further deterioration of the nutritional state, which is characteristic of this phase of disease, was at least prevented.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition prevents further nutritional deterioration in patients with cancer cachexia. 310 24

This study was undertaken to examine the influence of hospitalization on the nutritional status of cancer patients. We examined 126 patients consecutively admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. At admission, all patients underwent standard evaluations, including actual weight, percentage weight loss, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, serum proteins, serum albumin, total iron binding capacity, cholinesterase and peripheral lymphocytes. Finally, from all patients a 24-h dietary recall was obtained, in order to calculate calorie and protein intake. All the patients underwent another evaluation after 1 week of hospitalization; after 2 weeks only 37 of them were evaluated again, since some were operated, some were treated with radio-chemotherapy, some were discharged or had died. Results showed that after one week of hospitalization some variables were significantly altered, such as arm circumference in male patients, serum proteins, cholinesterase, total iron binding capacity, peripheral lymphocytes, calorie and protein intake. A significant weight loss was seen after 2 weeks. The reduced calorie and protein assumption was correlated with depletion of some of the nutritional variables (body weight, arm circumference in males, total iron binding capacity, serum albumin, cholinesterase, lymphocytes). Our data show that hospitalization plays an important role in deterioration of nutritional status in our patient population, and this problem is generally overlooked by the clinicians primarily involved in the care of cancer patients.
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PMID:Impact of hospitalization on the nutritional status of cancer patients. 366 Apr 76

Using fully mechanized analytical equipment, interference by haemolysis in the determination of 26 clinical chemical parameters was determined quantitatively by adding haemolysate to serum. Haemoglobin concentrations up to 6.6 g/l caused essentially no interference in the following determinations: albumin (immuno-nephelometric), alpha-amylase, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatinine, iron, glucose, glutamate dehydrogenase, uric acid, urea, sodium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, transferrin and triglycerides. In the presence of haemoglobin, erroneously high values were found for: lactate dehydrogenase (haemoglobin higher than 0.2 g/l), aspartate aminotransferase, potassium and acid phosphate (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l), creatine kinase (haemoglobin higher than 2.5 g/l) and alanine aminotransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.4 g/l). Erroneously low values were found for bilirubin (haemoglobin higher than 0.8 g/l), alkaline phosphatase and albumin (by electrophoresis) (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.0 g/l).
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PMID:Haemolysis as an interference factor in clinical chemistry. 371 97

We studied the nutritional status and the prevalence of malabsorption in 12 patients one to three years after total gastrectomy (TG) for gastric neoplasm. The Roux-en Y technique was used for reconstruction. A correct dietary regimen according to the recommended daily allowance was suggested and patients were seen quarterly on an out patient basis. The nutritional status was evaluated by measuring serum albumin levels, total iron binding capacity, cholinesterase, area muscular circumference, triceps skinfold and delayed hypersensitivity response. Work-up studies for the small intestine included: stool fat, D-xylose and glucose tolerance tests, Schilling test (phase II and III), serum iron levels, serum vitamin B12 levels and biopsy of the jejunum. Malnutrition, defined as the occurrence of two or more abnormal nutritional parameters, was observed in one patient; glucose and D-xylose tolerance tests were normal in all. A mild degree of steatorrhea was observed in four patients. The second phase of the Schilling test was abnormal in eight patients, but urinary excretion of vitamin B12 increased in three of four patients after use of antibiotics. Low serum vitamin B12 levels were common after the twentieth postoperative month. Serum iron levels were initially low and returned to normal six months after TG. All patients had normal jejunal histologic findings. These data indicate that malnutrition after TG is not common if an adequate dietary intake is maintained. Malabsorption, possibly due to bacterial overgrowth, is not a major clinical problem.
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PMID:Nutritional status, function of the small intestine and jejunal morphology after total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach. 375 Jan 77

A study was undertaken to identify the nutritional parameters associated with a high risk of postoperative sepsis. The nutritional status of 162 cancer patients subjected to clean or clean-contaminated elective surgery was preoperatively evaluated according to the following parameters: percentage weight loss, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, total serum protein, serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, cholinesterase, peripheral lymphocytes, complement C3-C4 components, and skin tests. Patients were followed postoperatively according to a precise protocol to classify them as infected or noninfected. Postoperative sepsis was present in 40 patients who had significantly different mean values for four nutritional parameters from those of 114 patients with no complications, ie, total serum protein, 6.60 vs 6.99 g/dl, p = 0.008; serum albumin, 3.39 vs 3.66 g/dl, p = 0.001; total iron-binding capacity 301.32 vs 337.17 mmg/dl, p = 0.006; and cholinesterase, 2389.77 vs 2770.10 mU/ml, p = 0.005. Moreover, the relative risk and the attributable risk for these variables were evaluated and the significance was tested by the chi 2 test. By using multiple logistic analysis it appeared that only total serum protein and total iron-binding capacity gave an independent contribution to the risk of postoperative sepsis, while serum albumin disappeared and cholinesterase became non significant when the contribution of the first two variables was accounted for. It was also possible to identify, in a small number of patients, combinations of two variables that were associated with a very high risk of postoperative sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:"Nutritional" markers as prognostic indicators of postoperative sepsis in cancer patients. 392 22

A cloned human cDNA for transferrin (TF) was used as hybridization probe in analysing a series of rodent x human somatic cell hybrids for the presence of human TF sequences. The assignment to chromosome 3 was further refined to region 3q21----3qter using hybrids that carried a translocated chromosome 3 and fibroblasts from a patient trisomic for this region. The gene for TF therefore maps to the same region as the gene for transferrin receptor (TFR) thereby defining an iron transport region on 3q2 to which the transferrin-related tumor associated antigen p97 may also belong. It follows that the genes for pseudocholinesterase (CHE1), ceruleoplasmin (CP) and alpha-2HS-glycoprotein (A2HS) which belong to the, as yet unassigned, linkage group of TF, now also map to chromosome 3 in man.
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PMID:The structural gene for transferrin (TF) maps to 3q21----3qter. 632 58


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