Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The method for the determination of enzymic activity in turbid, lipaemic sera, which involves clearing by polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride, was critically reviewed. In the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and pancreas, which are frequently associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia, only residual enzyme activities are measured in the cleared serum after polyanion treatment. In the measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase and in the Phadebas test for alpha-amylase, the enzymes are inactivated by treatment with heparin and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, as a result of polyanion precipitation gamma-glutamyl transferase is transferred, together with lipoproteins and chylomicrons, to the lipid-rich supernatant. Acid phosphatase also exhibits only residual activity in cleared serum. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the activity of alpha-amylase in the Merckotest are not affected by polyanion treatment of the serum.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis in lipaemic sera before and after polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride (author's transl)]. 92 35

Experiments were carried out with a total of 25 chickens of the Leghorn breed divided into two test groups and one control group. The test chickens were given daily the phosphorus organic pesticides timet and lebaized at rates of 0.05 mg anen mg per kg. The treated birds were kept under observation in the course of 72 days recording their cholinesterase activity (ChEA), serumglutamatoxal-acetate transaminase (SGOT), serumglutamatpyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (APh), and blood sugar level. It was found that as early as the third day from the beginning of the experiment ChEA dropped abruptly--by 62.72 per cent following treatment with timet, and by 29.26 per cent when treatment was carried out with lebaizid. SGOT and SGPT rose up to the 36th day by 78.74 and 59.42 per cent as against the controls. The blood sugar level increased by 20.44 per cent following the administration of timet, and by 6.95 per cent following that of lebaizid. APh on the 12th day was by 60.84 per cent higher as compared to the initial level in the case of timet, and by 39.15 per cent in the case of lebaizid. Results showed that the continuous giving of phosphorus organic insecticides (timet and lebaized) at low rates to chickens leads to the drop of ChA and the rise of SGOT, GPT, APh, and blood sugar, these changes being more clearly manifested in chickens that have been offered timet.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in some blood biochemical indices in chickens poisoned with Thimet and Letaycide]. 94 89

The activity of the following enzymes in clinically normal newborn calves was investigated: glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (APh), creatine phosphokinase (CPhK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), aldolase (A), and cholinesterase (ChE). The studies were carried out at the first hour prior to offering colostrum as well as at the 6th, 12th, 24th hr and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 10th, 15th, and 20th day following it first intake. Regularly rising values of the enzyme activity up to the 24th hour were observed with APh, GOT, GPT, CPhK, and LAP. The aldolase enzyme (after colostrum had been given for the first time) in all animals showed a statistically significant drop of activity at the 6th hour. The activity of LDH displayed a consistently rising trend up to the end of the experimental period. The cholinesterase activity showed high values immediately following birth, reaching those found in the dams by the end of the observation period.
 ...
PMID:[Dynamics of some serum enzymes in the postnatal development of calves]. 94 95

Blood samples from 109 Siriono (Eastern Bolivia) belonging to the Tupi-Guarani group were investigated for enzyme variants in the following systems: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, phospho-glucomutase (locus 1 and 2), acid phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, NADH diaphorase, pseudocholinesterase (E1 and E2 locus), and serum alkaline phosphatase. The most relevant observations are: (1) A relative lack of polymorphism, a characteristic feature of the Amerindian populations studied up to now. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a 'common ancestral background' in Indian populations whatever the degree of sociocultural and linguistic diversity, and the geographical distances. (2) Specific traits due to the frequency of alleles in some systems confer to that tribe a particular position among Amerindians. The effects of genetic drift may be postulated in order to explain the high rate of PGM and 6PGD polymorphism. Furthermore, in that small community, the disappearance of some alleles (pa gene) can plausibly be explained in terms of a balanced influence of mutational and selective pressure.
 ...
PMID:Serum and red cell enzyme variants in an Amerindian tribe: the Sirionos (Eastern Bolivia). 97 93

Homogenates of individual adult Fasciola hepatica, collected from bile ducts of sheep, were subjected to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide flat-bed gels after which zymograms were made by enzymatic and staining reactions. Seven identifiable isozymes that hydrolyzed alpha-naphthyl acetate were found. These 7 isozymes were identified by their isoelectric points as 5.10, 5.15, 5.25, 5.40, 5.55, 5.65, and 5.75. None of these isozymes was common to all F hepatica examined. Combinations of these isozymes in individual flukes revealed 7 distinct phenotypes, the frequency of which varied between local populations, i.e., populations of flukes obtained from individual sheep of different origin. In addition to these 7 isozymes, there were weak staining bands of enzyme activity, between pH 5.8 and the cathode end of the gels, which could not be accurately identified. The method of isoelectric focusing and zymogram preparation used in the present study did not reveal cholinesterase activity, even though the presence of activity in homogenates was demonstrated by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis. Strong activity of acid phosphatase between pH 5 and 6 was found, but poor resolution prevented obtaining accurate identification of isozymes. Weak activity with poor resolution of isozymes of alkaline phosphatase was observed between pH 4.4 and 5.75.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme polymorphism in Fasciola hepatica L.: esterases. 98 40

The activities of aspartate transminase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine transminase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) leucine arylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were measured in serum of male rabbits and albino Wistar rats in dlplicate by means of microliter techniques. Furthermore, the diurnal alterations of enzyme activity were established in 8--10 animals of both species. Aspartate transaminase activity in the serum of rats was found to be significantly higher than in the serum of humans and rabbits, and essentially lower alkaline phosphatase values were obtained from the serum of rabbits in comparison with those found for the serum of humans and rats. Relatively high acid phosphatase and aldolase values as well as a very low cholinesterase activity were found in the serum of rabbits and rats. The mean malate dehydrogenase-activity was found to be twice as high as the mean lactate dehydrogenase, which is the contrary of the situation found in human serum. No significant diural alterations of the examined enzyme activities were established. The differences found between the animal and the human enzyme activities in serum are explained by species-determined peculiarities of metabolism or specific enzyme configuration.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme activities in serum of rabbits and rats-reference values and circadian alterations. Serum enzymes and factors that influence their activity,I (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. 103 68

A decrease in activities of isoenzymes of aryl-, carboxyl esterases and alkaline phosphatase was shown, by means of agar gel electrophoresis, in blood serum and in most the isoforms of perinephric adipose tissue of rats within 3 days after partial pancreatectomy. In subsequent periods (6, 11 and 14 days) a normalization in the enzymatic activity and an increase in content of blood serum cholinesterase activity occurred.
 ...
PMID:[Isoenzymes of esterase and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and adipose tissue of rats after partial pancreatectomy]. 121 54

In blood serum of patients with lymphogranulomatose, as compared with healthy persons, a decrease in activity of one of the arylesterase fractions was observed. In lymphogranulomatous process content of this fraction and content of cholinesterase were decreased in liver tissue more distinctly than in the blood. At the same time the arylesterase activity was increased; the enzyme was found only in trace amount in normal liver tissue. The impairments in content of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes were less distinct. In lymphogranulomatose the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased, especially in cases accompanied by impairment of liver tissue.
 ...
PMID:[The study of isoenzymes of esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase from blood serum in lymphogranulomatous process of liver tissue]. 121 67

In 50 patients with mitral stenosis in the stage of maximal clinical improvement a correlation between the functional state of liver and the morphological changes was estblished. For this purpose the serum total bilirubin concentration was determined together with the serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, leucylaminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. The bromsulphalein test, provoked hypoprothrombinemia test, and histological examination of liver biopsy specimens were made. It was found that with increasing liver morphological lesions there is a gradual but not parallel impairment of function. The most sensitive index of hepatic functional disturbances was the test of provoked hypoprothrombinemia according to Kirchmayer and Bromowiczowa. For full assessment of the degree to which the changes in the congested liver have advanced it is necessary to perform liver function tests in combination with histological examination of the organ.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of liver function and morphological abnormalities in mitral stenosis. 122 31

In the group of 107 patients poisoned by carbon monoxide (18 patients), ethanol (10), barbiturates (18), glutehimide (10), tranquilizers (19), organic solvents (10),salicylates (3), organochlorines (8), and sulfonamides (5)--the activities of 8 serum enzymes were determined for 6 consecutive days of treatment, the enzymes being as follows: aminotransferases, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The antipyrine half-life was also assayed. It has been shown that the poisonings by particular groups of poisons do not bring about characteristic changes in the activity of enzymes that might be of any diagnostic value. The intensity of changes was connected withe depth and duration of toxic coma. Most frequently an increase ensued in the activity of AspAt and AlAt in the third 24-hrs period, and an increase in the activity of SDH in the first 24-hrs period. In the group under examination there were 26 drug abusers in whom a shortening of the antipyrine half-life was discovered. They were less responsive to toxic doses of drugs, and the enzymatic changes in them were less distinct. No changes in the activity of tested enzymes, which are characteristic of toxicomania, were found.
 ...
PMID:The usefulness of the enzymatic tests in acute poisonings. 124 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>