Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective randomized double blind investigation was made in 24 multiple injured patients. All patients were treated with a combined parenteral-enteral nutrition during 7 days. A group of 11 patients received as a continuous infusion over 16 h 60 mg/kg BW carnitine daily. Beside carnitine and acetylcarnitine levels in plasma and urine the following parameters were determinated to evaluate the effect of carnitine: for the metabolism of fatty acids: triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA), alpha-hydroxy-butyrate for the metabolism of carbohydrates: glucose, insulin and lactate in plasma. Finally for amino acid metabolism: urea, creatinine, cholinesterase and kolloid osmotic pressure in plasma as well as ureanitrogen and alpha-aminonitrogen excretion in urine. In the patients receiving carnitine especially acetyl-carnitine in plasma and acetyl-carnitine excretion in urine increased, proving that the administered carnitine can pass through the mitochondrial membrane. In these patients the plasma level of FFA was markedly lower than in the group without carnitine. Simultaneously the level of the alpha-hydroxybutyrate was elevated, equivalent to an increased oxydation of fatty acids. There was no difference between the two groups in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Administration of carnitine caused a slight increase of the production of urea (PU), catabolism could not be reduced. The excretion of alpha-aminonitrogen in urine augmented after carnitine infusion. Carnitine is an AA itself and so the amount of excreted alpha-amino nitrogen will increase; additionally the reabsorption of AA in the proximal renal tubulus may be inhibited by carnitine.
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PMID:[Experiences with L-carnitine in the post-stress phase]. 310 Apr 46

The positive influence of L-carnitine administration on postaggression metabolism was investigated. Clinical examinations were executed on three groups of patients K1, K2, K3). Comparable surgical operations like stomach- and intestinal- resections were performed on these groups of patients. During the first three days after operation a nutritional diet (parenteral, standardized hypocaloric) with (K2: 2 g; K3: 4g) and without L-carnitine (K1) was given. The effects of L-carnitine administration were evaluated by the following parameters: free fatty acids (FFS), triglycerides (TG), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-OH-BS), acetacetate (ACAC), blood sugar (BZ), insulin (INS), lactate (LAK), pyruvate (PYR), total protein (GE), cholinesterase (CHE), urea production rate (PU), nitrogen of alpha-aminogroups (alpha-AN), nitrogen balance (NB), catabolic index (KI), BUN-Creatinine-quotient (B/K), total carnitine (GC), free carnitine (FC), acetyl carnitine (AC) and also the ratio between acetyl carnitine and free carnitine (AC/FC) in serum and urine. The results show no statistical significance. But they could lead to the following conclusions: Carnitine obviously reduces the insulin resistance. But it does not influence the post-operative perturbation of glucose-utilization. Carnitine reinforces the utilization of long chain fatty acids and thus improves the energy conversion. Carnitine leads to an earlier positive nitrogen balance. By giving 4 g of carnitine a day, already after three days a repletion of tissue deposits is possible, and a dose dependence for carnitine administration exists for the utilization of long chain fatty acids and the repletion of tissue deposits.
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PMID:[Effect of L-carnitine on post-stress metabolism in surgical patients]. 310 72

The present study demonstrates that under conditions of iso or hyperosmolarity, P. aeruginosa utilized carnitine as the carbon, nitrogen or carbon and nitrogen sources. As occurred in the case of choline, the bacteria synthesized cholinesterase (ChE), acid phosphatase (Ac.Pase) and phospholipase C (PLC) under any of these conditions and in the presence of high or low Pi concentrations. Carnitine acted as an osmoprotectant when the cells were grown in the presence of preferred carbon and nitrogen sources and high NaCl concentrations. Under these conditions the three enzyme activities were not produced. The osmotically stressed bacteria grown under any of the above conditions accumulated betaine. Its presence indicated that carnitine may be metabolized by P. aeruginosa to produce betaine which could account for the induction of the three enzyme activities or its action as an osmoprotectant. The phosphatidylcholine encountered in the host cell membranes allows the bacteria to obtain free choline by the coordinated action of PLC and Ac.Pase. Since the consequence of this action may be cell disruption, the increase of free carnitine in the natural environment of the bacteria is also possible. These two compounds, choline and carnitine, acting in conjunction or separately, may increase the production of PLC and Ac.Pase activities by P. aeruginosa and thus enhance the degradative effect upon the host cells.
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PMID:Carnitine resembles choline in the induction of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase, and phospholipase C and in its action as an osmoprotectant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 776 84