Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whole blood, plasma, or serum levels of various components were measured in fasting, drug-free control subjects and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Compared to normal controls, chronic schizophrenic patients showed increased alpha2-globulins and decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and ceruloplasmin activity, and acute schizophrenic patients showed decreased alpha2-globulins. Compared to chronic patients, acute schizophrenics showed decreased alpha2-globulins and IgA. Compared to normal controls of similar age, chronic schizophrenic patients weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller body surface area. The acute schizophrenic patients were significantly younger than the normal subjects or chronic schizophrenics but there was no difference in the other physical measurements. The present study indicates no gross disturbances in the blood variables studied. That some differences are statistically significant from controls is of scientific interest, but of no clinical value in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. 4 63

Gene frequencies of the serum proteins third component of complement (C3) transferrin (Tf), haptoglobin (Hp), group specific component (Gc), serum cholinesterase (E1), alpha1-antitrypsin (Pi), beta2-glycoprotein I (Bg), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in the Tajiks, Pushtoons, Hazaras, and Usbeks in Afghanistan were reported. Rare variants were observed in the C3, Tf, and Pi systems.
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PMID:Serum protein polymorphisms in four populations of Afghanistan. 6

Starting from previous observations emphasizing an increased pseudocholinesterase (PCE) activity in obese and hyperlipemic subjects, the behaviour of this enzyme and of ceruloplasmin was studied in connection with changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to values detected in 67 middle-aged normal weight normolipemic subjects, PCE activity was found to be significantly greater (smaller than 0.001) in the 49 overweight subjects without obvious hyperlipemia but presenting a moderate increase of the prebeta electrophoretic fraction. PCE activity was much higher in lean or overweight subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (68 patients with type IV and 86 patients with mixed hyperlipemia). The slight increase of mean values of PCE activity in the 53 subjects with type II-a was due mainly to overweight subjects, while this enzyme's activity was not significantly changed in lean subjects with pure hypercholesterolemia. PCE activity was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (r equals 0.540; p smaller than 0.001) and the prebeta electrophoretic fraction (r equals 610; p smaller than 0.001). The correlation with beta-lipoproteins was not significant. Ceruloplasmin levels were not significantly changed. It is suggested that elevation of PCE activity could be connected to mechanisms leading to an increased secretion rate of lipoproteins.
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PMID:Serum pseudocholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. 16 6

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

Eight liver biopsy specimens from five patients with PAS-negative intracisternal hyalin were investigated by immunofluorescence for: (1) immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, M, D, E; (2) light chains (kappa and lambda); (3) complement components C1q, C4, C3c, C5, C9; (4) C1-inactivator; (5) C3-activator; (6) alpha 1-antitrypsin; (7) alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; (8) plasminogen; (9) fibrinogen; (10) fibrinogen breakdown products D and E; (11) fibronectin; (12) prealbumin; (13) albumin; (14) betalipoprotein; (15) apolipoprotein; (16) alpha 1- and alpha 2-glycoprotein; (17) cholinesterase; (18) ceruloplasmin; (19) haemopexin; (20) myoglobin; (21) placenta lactogen; (22) transferrin; (23) actin; (24) myosin; (25) cathepsin D; and (26) hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg). The globules reacted significantly with antisera against C3c (three patients), C4 (three patients), C3-activator (one patient) and fibrinogen (two patients). The cause of the protein accumulation is not clear. Serial studies indicate the possibility of a disturbance of protein secretion and an as yet unidentified immune complex disorder.
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PMID:Immunohistological investigations of PAS-negative globular intracisternal hyalin in human liver biopsy specimens. 285 88

The genetic structure of two Chukot Evens subpopulations (314 individuals) for electrophoretic protein systems and taste sensitivity to PTC was studied. 17 of the 39 loci were polymorphic (43.59%). The following systems were completely monomorphic: diaphorase NAD H (Dia); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD); glutamatoxalate transaminase (GOT); carbonic anhydrase (Ca-1); catalase (Ct), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B); leucine aminopeptidase (Lap); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide dismutase (SOD); phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGM2); cholinesterase (locus E1); red cell esterase (4 loci); albumin (Alb); hemoglobin (Hb A and B); ceruloplasmin (Cp); and blood, gren, using the standard method. The following systems were polymorphic: red cell acid phosphatase (AcP); phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1); 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD); glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT); glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1); esterase (EsD); adenilatkinase (AK); alkaline phosphatase (Pp); cholinesterase (locus E2); haptoglobin (Hp); transferrin (Tf); group-specific component (Gc) and ABO, MN, Lewis, P blood groups and taste sensitivity to PTC. The following allele frequencies for polymorphic loci have been detected: AKI = 0.994; GLO = 1I = 0.082; GPT1 = 0.653; AcPA = 0.400; AcPB = 0.599; AcPC = 0.001; PGDA = 0.944; PGM1(1) = 0.906; EsD1 = 0.897; E2+ = 0.048; HpI = 0.394; GcI = 0,919; Tfc = 0.987; r(O) = 0.669; p(A) = 0.184; q(B) = 0.146; M = 0.711; Le = 0.411; P1+ = 0.521; t = 0.295. The genetic structure of Chukot Evens population is significantly nearer to that of the other ethnic groups of the North-East, in comparison with the genetic structure of Evenks of the Middle Siberia.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. V. The Chukot Evens]. 293 99

The distribution and possible origins of plasma proteins in the human embryonic and fetal brain at different stages of development have been investigated by a combination of isolation and translation of mRNAs and immunocytochemistry using specific antisera. As many as 23 plasma-like proteins have been identified using immunocytochemical methods at the light microscopical level. The presence of mRNAs for 13 of the immunocytochemically positive plasma proteins was demonstrated by in vitro and in ovo translation followed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography; this indicates in situ synthesis of these proteins (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, GC-globulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, pseudocholinesterase, and transferrin) in some brain regions. The regional distribution of some proteins and the absence of some mRNAs suggest that the presence of certain plasma proteins in developing brain may be accounted for by uptake from csf or via nerve processes extending beyond the blood-brain barrier. In several cases, specific proteins appear to be associated with defined cell types, e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, GC-globulin, and ceruloplasmin with neurons, alpha 2-macroglobulin with endothelial cells, and ferritin with glial cells. Some proteins were associated with two or three cell types, e.g., alpha 1-antitrypsin with neurons and glia, and transferrin and alpha 2HS-glycoprotein with neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Comparison of the expression of mRNAs from fetal brain and liver injected into Xenopus oocytes showed that a few proteins (transferrin and ceruloplasmin) were secreted when liver mRNA was injected, but not when brain mRNA was injected. This suggests that there may be an important difference in the structure and/or processing of these proteins in the brain which may reflect a function different from that associated with them when they originate from the liver. Staining was generally intracellular rather than extracellular; plasma proteins were not associated with the areas immediately around blood vessels although there was a strong immunoprecipitation for each protein within the lumen of cerebral blood vessels. These immunocytochemical findings together with the identification of mRNAs for a large number of plasma proteins in immature brain are discussed in relation to animal experimental work which suggests that the blood-brain barrier to protein is present even at very early stages of brain development.
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PMID:Synthesis and localization of plasma proteins in the developing human brain. Integrity of the fetal blood-brain barrier to endogenous proteins of hepatic origin. 328 86

Liver biopsies of a 58-year-old clinically healthy patient with a hepatomegaly and intracisternal PAS-negative globular hyaline bodies were immunofluorescent-optically examined for the content of the complement components C 1 q, C 4, C 9, C 1-inactivator, C 3-activator. Further examinations were performed for fibrinogen, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, L-chain (type chi and lambda), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-fetoprotein, alpha 1- and alpha 2-glycoprotein, cholinesterase, ceruloplasmin, myoglobin, hemopexin, HBsAg and HBsAg. Th inclusion bodies reacted with antisera against the complement components C 4, C 3 and C 3-activator, as also identified by double immunofluorescence. Probably this is a disturbance of the protein metabolism of the liver cell with abnormal complement storage in the presence of normal total complement and normal complement components in the serum.
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PMID:Storage of the complement components C4, C3, and C 3-activator in the human liver as PAS-negative globular hyaline bodies. 628 41

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3

Workers exposed to naphtha, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt and titanium exhibited decreased activity of asparagine and alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in blood serum, as compared to controls. Activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase was not changed significantly. It might be surmised that absorption of metals and naphtha exhibits inhibitory properties in relation to the enzymes determined.
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PMID:[Effect of low concentrations of metals and benzin on serum enzyme activity]. 666 96


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