Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated Gl. submandibularis and Gl. sublingualis of the guinea-pig 1, 2, 5, 7, 14 und 28 days after section of the Chorda tympani with histological-histochemical methods. The innervation pattern of both glands (Gl. submandibularis: aminergic-cholinergic double innervated; Gl. sublingualis: cholinergic innervated) remains unchanged. In the gland cells the following effects were observed: a) Gl. sublingualis. In the first 3 days apocrine and holocrine secretion phenomena are often seen, suggesting a maximal stimulation of the gland parenchyma. They are accompanied with cellular reactions of the interstitial space. In a second phase a new gland cell population appears that uniformly exhibits intracellular accumulation of secretion products. Involution begins from the 14th day on. Secretory cells are dedifferentiated to intercalated duct cells; autophagic processes help to degradate the accumulated secretion granules. b) Gl. submandibularis. Here the effects are less dramatic. The accumulation of the secretory granules starts as soon as 24 h after section of the Chorda and is maximal between the 5th and 8th p. o. day. Involution of the gland begins from the 14th day on. The accumulated secretory granules show high activities of two histochemically demonstrable enzymes, the cholinesterase and the peroxidase.
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PMID:[Histologic-histochemical findings in the salivary glands of guinea pigs after sectioning the chorda tympani]. 4 27

Axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc, E.E.:2.3.1.6) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE, E.C.:3.1.1.7) was studied in the peroneal fascicles of rabbit sciatic nerves. The accumulation of ChAc in the central nerve stump proceeded 5 times more slowly than that of AChE and occurred at a distanct of 2-4 mm proximally from the end, whereas AChE accumulated in the last 2 mm of the stump. In double-ligated segments of the nerve in situ the activity of ChAc decreased at the proximal and increased at the distal end; the activity of AChE rose at both ends, The increase of ChAc activity did not cease until 22 h, whereas that of AChE stopped before 10 h. The intensity of ChAc transport is considerably diminished in the part of axon separated from the nerve cell body. Differences between the behavior of ChAc and AChE are interpreted by the assumption that the axonal transport of ChAc is slow, unidirectional, concerns all of the enzyme in the nerve, and that most of the transported enzyme is not associated with intraaxonal organelles. In contrast to ChAc, the transport of AChE is fast, bidirectional, and concerns a minor proportion of enzyme in the nerve; the transported enzyme is associated with organelles. The rate of proximodistal transport of ChAc is estimated at 4 mm/day (based on the assumption that 100% of the enzyme moves proximo-distally) and that of AChE at 480 mm/day (based on the extimate that 5% of enzyme moved proximo-distally in the present experiments).
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PMID:Transport of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the central stump and isolated segments of a peripheral nerve. 4 69

In alert monkeys the time course for development of supersensitivity to topical acetylcholine in partially isolated frontal cerebral cortex was determined. Thresholds for paroxysmal discharge fell progressively and markedly during 3 weeks, further in 5 and somewhat more after 6 months. ACh supersensitivity was demonstrated in chronic "isolated" occipital cortex. Epileptiform discharges were recorded selectively from chronic partially isolated frontal cortex on peripheral nerve stimulation and these spread, causing a clinical convulsive siezure when the open end of the isolation extended into the precentral gyrus. The basic mechanisms responsible for the supersensitivity are unknown but evidence presented and much in the pertinent literature is in keeping with the hypothesis that partial isolation of cortical cells, i.e., denervation, deafferentation, or disuse may be important. It is suggrested that peripheral nerve stimulation, like arousal, may cause an outflow of ACh on the normal brain surface and over the open end of a partially isolated area, which, especially, in the presence of a diminished cholinesterase activity (in partially isolated cortex), could act like topical ACh, cause a DC shift and an epileptiform discharge.
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PMID:Time course of development of supersensitivity to topical acetylcholine in partially isolated cortex. 4

Whole blood, plasma, or serum levels of various components were measured in fasting, drug-free control subjects and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Compared to normal controls, chronic schizophrenic patients showed increased alpha2-globulins and decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and ceruloplasmin activity, and acute schizophrenic patients showed decreased alpha2-globulins. Compared to chronic patients, acute schizophrenics showed decreased alpha2-globulins and IgA. Compared to normal controls of similar age, chronic schizophrenic patients weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller body surface area. The acute schizophrenic patients were significantly younger than the normal subjects or chronic schizophrenics but there was no difference in the other physical measurements. The present study indicates no gross disturbances in the blood variables studied. That some differences are statistically significant from controls is of scientific interest, but of no clinical value in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. 4 63

1. Female albino rats were treated with a total of 28 mg of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) for 28 days. In the adrenal cortex, the ovary, the vagina, and the uterus the activities of 3-beta-ol-steroiddehydrogenase, of dl-beta-OH-butric acid dehydrogenase, of alcaline and acid phosphatases, of DPN-diaphorase, of ATP-ase, and of non-specific esterases do not differ from untreated controls. 2. In the external muscle layer of the myometrium strong cholinesterase (ChE) activity was induced by C.M.A. A corresponding high ChE activity is normally found in immature rats or in estrus. 3. Furthermore, by treatment with CMA, ChE activity was induced in the tubular glands of the endometrium. This activity is found in the small parts of glomerate glandular terminals only but not in the rest of the glandular epithelium, nor in the epithelium of the cavum. It could be demonstrated that a corresponding ChE activity normally appears in the second third of pregnancy. The ChE activity induced by CMA was considerably higher and more widespread than during normal pregnancy. 4. It is concluded that in the endometrial glands a development similar to pregnancy is initiated by CMA. But development stops at the stage of ChE activity, thus leading to accumulation of ChE active cells.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies on the rat adrenal cortex, ovary, uterus and vagina following chlormadinone acetate administration, especially cholinesterase activity in myometrium and endometrium]. 5 Feb 31

With the aid of the Ferrocyanidmethod from KARNOVSKI und ROOTS ChE-positiv structures in the skin of various laboratory animals and of man were located. Specific cholinesterase is found in verves, around apocrine sweat glands and around eccrine sweat glands of some species. In the stratum basale of the epidermis from the rat you can demonstrate a high concentration of acetylcholinesterase. Unspecific cholinesterase is detectable in nerves, in the blood vessels, in the lumen of apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
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PMID:[The histochemical evidence of the cholinesterase in the integument by means of the copper ferro cyanide methode (author's transl)]. 5 82

Cytochemical, biochemical and disc-elektrophoretical studies are done on a patient with Di Guglielmo-syndrom. Cytochemical tests showed the wellknown results as: activity of acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthylacetatesterase at their typical sites, deposition of PAS- and Turnbull-positive material. Biochemical findings are done on LDH, cholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, G-6-PDH and pyruvatkinase. Abnormal high level of fetal hemoglobin was found only once during the whole observation. There was also an alteration in the isoenzym pattern of the acid phosphatase. The de- or increase at the biochemical examinations, the fact of fetal hemoglobin and the variation at the isoenzymes may be due to the changing in distribution of erythropoetic and granulopoetic cells.
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PMID:[Cytological and biochemical studies in a case of "di Guglielmo's syndrome"]. 5 98

Treatment of rats with aurantine for 7-30 days reduces the growth and development of animals, and especially of skeletal muscles. Low relative weight of muscles in aurantine-treated animals was accompanied by low resting and action membrane potentials. Incorporation of labelled uridine and lysine into muscles, heart, brain and liver was decreased. Retardation in the growth and development of skeletal muscles resulted into unfavourable shift of the ratio body weight/surface and led to prevalence of catabolic processes over anabolic ones (increased oxygen consumption, heart and respiration rate in experimental animals). These changes are probably related not only to the inhibition of protein synthesis, but to disturbance of regulatory mechanisms, which reveals itself in an increased norepinephrine content of the brain stem and in the increased cholinesterase activity in cardiac pacemaker.
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PMID:[Retardation of growth and development of rats induced by inhibition of protein synthesis at early postnatal ontogenesis]. 5 9

Mipafox administered to rats daily for 35 days produced ataxia and a reduction in the level of dopamine in the corpus striatum. Treatment with Leptophos for the same period produced slight motor dysfunction and a small but significant reduction in the level of striatal dopamine. Fenitrothion neither produced motor dysfunction nor changed the level of striatal dopamine. The cholinesterase activity of corpus striatum was inhibited by all the compounds. The results suggest the possible involvement of striatal dopamine in the delayed neurotoxic effects of certain organophosphorus compounds.
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PMID:Role of striatal dopamine in delayed neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus compounds. 5 73

The location of cholinesterase and non-specific esterase in the thyroid gland of the guniea-pig was studied with the light microscope. It was found that the idoxyl method for non-specific esterase activity under special conditions is superior to the cholinesterase method in a number of respects for the demonstration of the intra-, inter- and parafollicular cells. When using the indoxyl method the incubation period can be reduced from 2.5-3 hr to 40-50 min. Further, the reaction can be followed during the incubation. False localization of the reaction products is avoided,and nerves and erythrocytes are not stained. By varying the fixation time and the time of storage in gum arabic-sucrose, it was found that the miscellaneous activity of non-specific esterase in APUD cells (C-cells) and follicle cells may be due to both factors. In fresh tissue the activity of the enzyme was equal in follicle and C cells. Special cyst-like structures containing an esterase which is NaF-resistanct when alpha-naphthyl acetate is employed as a substrate and which gives a strong reaction at low pH values when 5-bromo indoxyl acetate is the substrate, are described, and their nature and possible origin are discussed.
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PMID:Carboxylic ester hydrolases in the thyroid gland of the guinea-pig. A light microscopic study. 5 46


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