Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method is described for the assay of acetylcholinesterase in tissue samples using the selective cholinesterase inhibitor, lysivane (10-(alpha-diethylaminopropyl) phenothiazine hydrochloride). Significantly increased enzyme activity is found in rectal biopsy specimens from patients with Hirschsprung's disease (p less than 0.001) indicating the diagnostic usefulness of the assay.
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PMID:An improved method for the determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in rectal biopsy tissue from patients with Hirschsprung's disease. 1 96

A macromethod and a semimicromethod were developed to measure erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and swine, and to measure plasma cholinesterase activity in horses, dogs, and swine. Comparison of the 2 methods with erythrocytes of sheep, cattle, goats, and horses indicated both methods gave similar results. They can be done in a shorter time and are more sensitive than Michel's method. Normal deltapH values per minutes, with standard deviations for blood cholinesterase activity of animals of different ages, sexes, breeds, and species, were: 0.76 +/- 0.12/30; 0.65 +/- 0.10/15; 0.69 +/- 0.19/45; 0.78 +/- 0.11/45; 0.63 +/- 0.11/45; and 0.71 +/- 0.06/25 for sheep, cattle, goats, horses, dogs, and swine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, respectively; and 0.66 +/- 0.18/20; 0.67 +/- 0.20/30, and 0.46 +/- 0.05/60 for horses, dogs, and swine plasma cholinesterase, respectively. It was shown that either the chloride or the iodide salt of acetylcholine can be used as the enzyme substrate. tin blood samples stored at 5 C for 24 hours, there was no significant change of the enzymatic activity.
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PMID:New techniques to measure blood cholinesterase activity in domesticated animals. 1 75

The levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain homogenates of vitamin B12-deficient rats have been investigated. The norepinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the deficient animals compared to controls. The two major catabolic pathways of norepinephrine e.g. monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase did not show significant variations. Both acetyl cholinesterase and butiryl-cholinesterase markedly decreased in the plasma of the vitamin B12-deficient rats.
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PMID:Levels of neurotransmitters in brain of vitamin B12 deficient rats. 1 22

A comparison of the cholinesterase blood activity with the clinical traits of the disease in 64 patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated by majeptile and haloperidol detected 2 variants in the reactivity of the enzyme link of the cholinergic system. A fluctuation of the cholinesterase activity of the sinusoid type (Ist variant) seen in patients with paranoial and hallucinatory-paranoid syndromes with a remission up to a year and more, speaks in favour of a relatively preserved compensatory-adaptive mechanisms in the neurohumoral regulation. The absence of fluctuation in the cholinesterase activity during the whole period of treatment (2nd variant) was characteristic of patients with negative results of treatment.
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PMID:[Dynamic study of blood cholinesterase activity of paranoid schizophrenic patients]. 1 5

A new enzymatic method for the determination of serum pseudo-cholinesterase activity is described. Choline, which is liberated from benzoylcholine as substrate by cholinesterase, is oxidized by choline oxidase to betaine with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a chromogen with maximal absorbance at 500 nm. The calibration curve is linear up to 1500 units per liter of serum. The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by the method using butyrylthiocholine as substrate and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as color reagent.
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PMID:New enzymatic assay of cholinesterase activity. 2 Feb 53

Studied were the indices of cholinesterase activity of semen taken from 23 normal rams and 23 rams infected with Brucella ovis, the latter being positive by the complement-fixation test and showing a varying deterioration of the semen production. The results obtained were processed biometrically. Established were dependable differences. The cholinesterase activity of semen of brucellosis-affected rams proved four times higher than that of normal rams' semen: 39.45 +/- 5.49 microleter TO2 for 1 hour as against 174.15 +/- 9.97 microleter. A reverse correlation was established between the values of the cholinesterase activity, and the pH value and the percent of pathologic forms of spermatozoa.
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PMID:[Cholinesterase activity of sperm from rams infected with Brucella ovis]. 2 57

Experiments were conducted on rats; in depression of blood cholinesterase activity by 68.6 percent phthalafos proved to decrease the myocardial nicotinamide coenzymes content on account of reduction in the amount of the oxidized forms. In the liver phthalafos diminished the content of oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide coenzymes, decreased the level of adenylic nucleotides chiefly at the expense of ATP. Diproxim prevented the changes caused by phthalafos in blood cholinesterase reactivation to 47.5 percent. It is supposed that the capacity of diproxim to normalize the oxidative processes in the cell by acting upon the nicotinamide coenzymes and adenylic nucleotides underlies its antidote action.
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PMID:[Effect of dipyroxime on the concentration of nicotinamide coenzymes and adenylate nucleotides in the myocardium and liver of rats poisoned with phthalophos]. 2 70

S.c. injections of cholinergic agents, carbachol, methacholine and bethanechol, into fasted rats caused rapid increases in the plasma concentration of cyclic GMP, with a sharp peak at 5--10 min after the injection. Acetylcholine gave rise to a rapid accumulation of cyclic GMP in plasma only when administered together with physostigmine which produced only a slight, if any, potentiation of the action of the cholinesterase-resistant choline esters. Cyclic AMP also increased after these drugs, but only subsequently to the rise of cyclic GMP; the primary action of the cholinergic drugs appeared to be the increase in cyclic GMP. Atropine was effective not only in abolishing the increase in plasma cyclic GMP induced by cholinergic drugs but also in lowering the baseline level of cyclic GMP. It was concluded that the plasma concentration of cyclic GMP could serve as a good parameter of cholinergic activity in rats.
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PMID:Plasma cyclic GMP: response to cholinergic agents. 2 43

1 A number of criteria for considering adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as a neurotransmitter in the guinea-pig urinary bladder have been examined. In addition, the effect of tachyphylaxis to ATP on the response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation has been re-examined.2 Quinacrine fluorescence histochemistry revealed a population of nerve fibres, ganglion cells, and nerve bundles in the bladder which were not seen in either the iris or vas deferens, where adrenergic and cholinergic nerves predominate. The distribution and morphology of the quinacrine-positive nerves in the bladder were different from those observed with catecholamine fluorescence and cholinesterase histochemistry, and were unaffected by chemical sympathectomy.3 Release of ATP from the bladder during stimulation of intramural excitatory nerves, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine increased to 3-12 times prestimulation levels. Tetrodotoxin abolished both the contractile response and the increase in ATP release resulting from intramural nerve stimulation. There was no increase in ATP release during contraction resulting from direct muscle stimulation following nerve paralysis with tetrodotoxin.4 Sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect release of ATP in response to intramural nerve stimulation.5 Release of ATP was dependent on the concentration of calcium ion in the medium.6 Contractions in response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic intramural nerve stimulation were closely mimicked by ATP, but not by acetylcholine or histamine.7 Adenosine and dipyridamole reduced the contractions to both ATP and non-cholinergic nerve stimulation.8 2-2'-Pyridylisatogen was not a specific blocker of either ATP or intramural nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig bladder. 2-Substituted imidazolines initiated spontaneous activity making it impossible to assess any blocking action that they may have had.9 Prostaglandins (E(1), E(2) and F(2alpha)) gave weak, slow contractions and an increase in spontaneous activity. Both the response to ATP and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation were greatly potentiated in the presence of prostaglandins.10 In the presence of indomethacin the response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation was virtually abolished following desensitization to ATP.
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PMID:Purinergic innervation of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. 2 86

1. The effect of pH changes on synaptic currents has been analysed by external recording of the miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s) or by recording in voltage-clamped end-plates the current elicited by nerve stimulation (e.p.c.). 2. Changes in pH do not appreciably effect the peak amplitude of the current produced by a single quantum or by short ionophoretic pulses of acetylcholine. 3. The time constant of decay of the m.e.p.c.s is prolonged by about 50% in acid pH and shortened by about the same amount in alkaline pH. This effect is independent of the cholinesterase activity of the end-plate. 4. In curarized preparations the decay of the e.p.c. is shorter than in Mg-blocked end-plate even in the absence of cholinesterase blocking agents. 5. The action of pH on the decays can be explained by a titration of the surface charges of the membrane which effects the voltage dependent reaction that controls the rate of closing of the synaptic channels.
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PMID:The effects of pH and curare on the time course of end-plate currents at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. 2 59


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