Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aldicarb is the most potent of the commercially available carbamate pesticides and is an unusual source of acute human poisonings. We present the case of a 43-year-old man exposed to aldicarb who developed severe cholinergic symptoms and progressive weakness requiring intubation for 5 days. Both his red blood cell cholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterase levels were depressed for a minimum of 44 hours. He demonstrated neuromuscular improvement concurrent with pralidoxime administration. The pertinent medical literature on aldicarb poisoning is reviewed.
...
PMID:Aldicarb poisoning. A case report with prolonged cholinesterase inhibition and improvement after pralidoxime therapy. 828 17

The patient was a 79-year-old male. On CT of the chest, a mass shadow of the anterior mediastinum was found. He did not complain of symptoms, and there were no clinical signs of myasthenia gravis (MG) before surgery. The tumor and the thymus was completely resected. The pathological diagnosis was non-invasive thymoma, and his postoperative course was satisfactory. However, 2 months after the operation, the patient complained of ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, and muscle weakness, which deteriorated rapidly. The titer of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody was high at 91.0 nmol/l. By medication of anti-cholinesterase drug and predonin, the symptoms of MG improved. After resection of thymoma, postoperative follow-up with considering the possibility of postoperative MG is necessary.
...
PMID:[A case of myasthenia gravis developing after resection of non-invasive thymoma]. 846 68

A middle aged man who inhaled sarin in a train in a subway station in Tokyo in 1995 and showed a variety of symptoms including psychiatric symptoms was reported. He experienced muscle weakness, dyspnea and unconsciousness of sudden onset immediately after exposure to sarin. Marked miosis was observed on admission. Plasma cholinesterase activity was remarkably decreased at that time. He also experienced delirium consisting of visual hallucination, insomnia and irritability at mid-night for more than seven days. These psychiatric symptoms gradually improved without any medication. To date there is no detailed description of such psychiatric symptoms in sarin poisoning.
...
PMID:[Psychiatric symptoms following accidental exposure to sarin--a case report]. 852 73

A 52-year-old woman had a 14-year history of stridor attacks. Pulmonary function tests revealed reversible airway obstruction, and bronchial asthma was diagnosed. She also has bilateral ptosis, diplopia, and moderate weakness of all four limbs; a positive edrophonium test confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Although the parasympathetic system plays an important role in the regulation of bronchial tone, in this patient the edrophonium test did not provoke an asthmatic attack or exacerbate pulmonary function, except for increases in sputum production and in frequency of cough. The general weakness was usually worse in the afternoon. The decrease in grip strength and the shortening of arm elevation time also occurred after asthma attacks, which means that general muscle fatigue was caused by the work of breathing. Furthermore, dyspnea increased and pulmonary function worsened when an anti-cholinesterase inhibitor was discontinued, probably because of respiratory muscle weakness. Accordingly, the clinical status of bronchial asthma seemed to change in parallel with that of the myasthenia gravis.
...
PMID:[Bronchial asthma complicated by myasthenia gravis]. 869 67

We have compared in two groups of five healthy volunteers, the motor effect of prilocaine i.v. regional anaesthesia of the forearm with and without addition of mivacurium 0.6 mg. Although addition of mivacurium might, theoretically, provide the benefit of increased neuromuscular block with rapid plasma cholinesterase degradation in the isolated limb, we observed prolonged forearm weakness in the mivacurium group using tests of grip strength (median recovery to 90% of control, 80 min (range 60 min to > 8 h) vs control median recovery to 90% of 16 (8-24) min) and bead transfer (median recovery to 90% of control 36 (24-48) min vs control median recovery to 90% of 12 (8-16) min). This weakness was considerably in excess of that predicted by rapid systemic degradation of mivacurium. The mivacurium group experienced symptoms of local anaesthetic toxicity which did not occur in the control group and which could not be replicated by administration of mivacurium alone.
...
PMID:Low-dose mivacurium supplementation of prilocaine i.v. regional anaesthesia. 934 38

A 34-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of ptosis, dysarthria, muscle weakness of upper limbs and skin lesions. At the age of 22 years, she was diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to the presence of arthritis and high titer of antinuclear antibody. On admission, the high antiacetylcholine receptor antibody titer, along with the positive tensilon test and electromyography established a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). The demonstration of anti-intercellular antibodies both in cutaneous tissue and blood confirmed the diagnosis of pemphigus. MRI showed hypertrophic thymus. After thymectomy, the myasthenic symptoms aggravated and SLE and pemphigus erythematosus relapsed despite anti-cholinesterase treatment with plasmapheresis. She was then placed on corticosteroid therapy with an improvement of her all symptoms. This very rare case of MG associated with SLE and pemphigus erythematosus suggests that these diseases share common immunological abnormalities.
...
PMID:[A case of myasthenia gravis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and pemphigus erythematosus]. 916 41

On the day of the disaster, 641 victims were seen at St. Luke's International Hospital. Among those, five victims arrived with cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest with marked miosis and extremely low serum cholinesterase values; two died and three recovered completely. In addition to these five critical patients, 106 patients, including four pregnant women, were hospitalized with symptoms of mild to moderate exposure. Other victims had only mild symptoms and were released after 6 hours of observation. Major signs and symptoms in victims were miosis, headache, dyspnea, nausea, ocular pain, blurred vision, vomiting, coughing, muscle weakness, and agitation. Almost all patients showed miosis and related symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, or visual darkness. Although these physical signs and symptoms disappeared within a few weeks, psychologic problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder persisted longer. Also, secondary contamination of the house staff occurred, with some sort of physical abnormality in more than 20%.
...
PMID:Sarin poisoning on Tokyo subway. 919 33

A 72-year-old man was exposed to the sarin gas attack in a Tokyo subway on March 20 th, 1995. After exposure, he noticed eye discomfort, chest tightness, headache and weakness of the lower limbs and oropharyngeal muscles. Despite these symptoms, he visited a hot spring on the same day with his family. On March 25 th, his muscle weakness progressed, and a low grade fever appeared. His muscle weakness disappeared 8 days after exposure to sarin, but respiratory failure rapidly developed, necessitating artificial ventilation within four day after hospitalization on March 28th. Chemotherapy with erythromycin, imipenem/cilastatin, and steroid pulse therapy was begu. PCR and culture of sputum collected by bronchofiberscopy were positive for Legionella pneumophila, serogroup I. His respiratory state improved, but subsequent infection with Pseudomonous aeruginosa. Enterobacter cloacae, and Candida tropicalis/glabrata caused his death 71 days after admission. Oropharyngeal muscle weakness caused by sarin-mediated cholinesterase inhibition was strongly suspected as the cause of hot spring water aspiration. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed organizing pneumonia with fibrosis. Bronchoscopic findings included redness, edema and fragility of all visible areas of the airway, which was thought to be due to bronchitis caused by Legionellosis.
...
PMID:[Legionella pneumonia caused by aspiration of hot spring water after sarin exposure]. 965 77

Short and long-term health effects from exposure to organophosphorus (OP) military and insecticidal nerve agents are evaluated based on the abundant scientific literature published over five decades on health effects in humans (from human experimentation and occupational exposures) and in laboratory animals. Four distinct health effects are identified: acute cholinergic toxicity; organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN); subtle long-term neuropsychological and neurophysiological effects; and a reversible muscular weakness called 'intermediate syndrome'. Some effects are subtle and difficult to differentiate from health effects caused by other diseases or occupational exposures. Each effect has data suggesting threshold exposure levels below which it is unlikely to be clinically detectable. Therefore, meaningful interpretation of human and animal studies requires rigid exposure characterization. Because precise exposure levels are often difficult to reconstruct, a system for characterizing exposure is proposed based upon observed initial acute signs and symptoms, as high-level (definitive cholinergic poisoning); intermediate-level (threshold cholinergic effects including miosis, rhinorrhea or clinically measurable depression of cholinesterase); and low-level (no immediate clinical signs or symptoms) exposure. Threshold exposure levels for known long-term effects from OP nerve agent are at or above intermediate-level exposure. Long-term health effects seen at intermediate-level exposures or in many survivors of high-level exposure are subtle, detectable in exposed populations but not individuals, and not reported in individuals experiencing low-level exposure alone. Co-exposure to other pharmaceutical agents may promote or protect against health effects from OP nerve agents, but qualitatively they are the same effects seen with OP nerve agents alone. Thus, the system for characterizing exposure based on initial acute effects is also useful for evaluating health outcomes from co-exposure to OP nerve and other agents.
...
PMID:Review of health consequences from high-, intermediate- and low-level exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents. 984 Jul 47

Neuromuscular disorders can impose significant disability in patients by virtue of weakness, pain, and sensory and autonomic symptoms and deficits. For all of these disorders, supportive measures, appropriate physical therapy, and respiratory support are beneficial. Pain management can be accomplished by the use of antiepileptic medications, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic, and gabapentin. Tricyclic antidepressants can also be helpful for pain management and depression. Benzodiazepines and baclofen are helpful for management of spasticity. No specific treatment exists yet for the motor neuron disorders. In peripheral neuropathies, identifying and treating the cause is most important. In other neuropathies, such as in acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, immunosuppression is indicated. Myasthenia gravis can be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors and immunosuppression. A specific treatment does not exist yet for muscular dystrophies. Immunosuppression is helpful in patients with inflammatory myopathies. Toxic myopathies can be treated by removing the causative agent and by supportive measures. Endocrine myopathies will respond to treatment of the primary endocrinopathy.
...
PMID:Diagnostic algorithms for neuromuscular diseases. 992 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---