Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fenitrothion was administered orally to mice or rats in daily doses of up to 1/25 of the LD50 for 14 days, and numbers of splenic plaque-forming cells against sheep red blood cells (SRBC-PFC), one of the most common immune parameters, were measured. Splenic SRBC-PFC number was suppressed by fenitrothion only in rats which received 30 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the compound. Other immune parameters, including the arthus reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and activities of macrophages and natural killer cells in rats, were not influenced by fenitrothion. Adrenal hyperfunction manifesting as increased organ weight and elevated plasma corticosterone level was noted along with strong cholinergic signs in rats which received 30 mg/kg bw of fenitrothion. At lower doses such as 3 or 0.3 mg/kg bw of fenitrothion, rats had no strong cholinergic signs, adrenal hyperfunction, or evidence of immunosuppression despite significant suppression of systemic cholinesterase (ChE) activities. In mice, no suppression of SRBC-PFC number or mixed lymphocyte reaction was noted even at the highest dose (40 mg/kg bw) of fenitrothion, at which significant suppression of systemic ChE activities but no cholinergic signs were noted. These findings strongly suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of fenitrothion noted in rats was due to systemic, potent cholinergic stress and that fenitrothion has no immunotoxicity in mice and rats.
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PMID:Immunotoxicological insignificance of fenitrothion in mice and rats. 892 43

Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, has been used in agriculture for several years. It is possible the residue of this compound to be recycled in the biological system. There is no report on DZN immunotoxicity potential. In the present study, we examined the immunotoxic effects of intraperitoneally administered DZN in the C57bl/6 female mice. Diazinon was administered at doses of 25, 2, and 0.2 mg/kg for 28 days (five injections per week). Animals were then sacrificed to observe the cellularity or histopathological changes in thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. Furthermore, humoral and cellular functional responses such as Hemagglutination titration (HA), IgM-Plaque Forming Colony Assay (PFC), Delayed-Type-Hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC, and T cell subtyping (CD4/CD8) were determined. The results showed that DZN at 25 mg/kg not only could produce gross histopathological changes in thymus and spleen but also could suppress both humoral and cellular activity of the immune system. At lower doses (0.2 and 2 mg/kg) there were no observable alteration in cellularity or histology of immune tissues. However, DZN at medium dose (2 mg/kg per day) could inhibit RBC-cholinesterase and showed a mild decrease (P < 0.1) in thymus/body-weight ratio and DTH response. At dose of 0.2 mg/kg no histopathological or functional disturbances were detectable. These results indicate that DZN has immunosuppressive effects in the C57bl/6 mice at doses more than 2 mg/kg. The present results however indicate that under recommended Allowed Daily Intake (ADI) limit (<0.02 mg/kg), no observable immunotoxicity effect is expected.
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PMID:Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice. 1503 44

Pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) is an anticholinesterase drug indicated for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular blockade reversal. It acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor and was used as a pretreatment for soldiers during Operation Desert Storm to protect against possible nerve gas attacks. Since that time, PYR has been implicated as a possible causative agent contributing to Gulf War Illness. PYR's mechanism of action has been well-delineated with regards to its effects on the nervous system, yet little is known regarding potential effects on immunological function. To evaluate the effects of PYR on immunological function, adult female B6C3F1 mice were gavaged daily for 14 days with PYR (0, 1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day). Immune parameters assessed were lymphoproliferation, natural killer cell activity, the SRBC-specific antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response, thymus and spleen weight and cellularity, and thymic and splenic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations. Exposure to PYR did not alter splenic and thymus weight or splenic cellularity. However, 20 mg PYR/kg/day decreased thymic cellularity with decreases in both CD4+/CD8+ (20 mg/kg/day) and CD4-/CD8- (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) cell types. Functional immune assays indicated that lymphocyte proliferative responses and natural killer cell activity were normal; whereas exposure to PYR significantly decreased primary IgM antibody responses to a T-cell dependent antigen at the 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg treatment levels for 14 days. This is the first study to examine the immunotoxicological effects of PYR and demonstrate that this compound selectively suppresses humoral antibody responses.
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PMID:Pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) alters immune function in B6C3F1 mice. 1510 28