Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of gossypol on membrane functions of the human erythrocyte were studied. Gossypol (10 microM) had no effect on spontaneous hemolysis, osmotic fragility, cell volume, cholinesterase activity, hexose transport, ouabain-sensitive inorganic cation transport, ouabain-insensitive inorganic cation transport and nucleoside transport. Conversely, 10 microM gossypol inhibited inorganic anion transport by approximately 90% for three different substrates, i.e., phosphate, sulfate and chloride. Inhibition of inorganic anion transport was specific as 10 microM gossypol had no effect on the eight aforementioned membrane-related functions of the human erythrocyte. Inhibition inorganic anion transport was characterized using sulfate as the substrate and had the following features: it was potent, with a Ki of approximately 3 microM; it was rapid, with onset occurring in less than 1 min; it was potently blocked by physiological concentrations of albumin and plasma with 50% blocking achieved at 0.03% (w/v) albumin; it occurred by a noncompetitive kinetic mechanism; it was independent of medium Ca++, Mg++ or pH. Gossypol was bound to human erythrocytes and cell membranes isolated from erythrocytes. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid is a potent inhibitor of anion transport and can be covalently bound to band 3. Covalently bound 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid blocked a fraction of gossypol binding to erythrocyte membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of gossypol on erythrocyte membrane function: specific inhibition of inorganic anion exchange and interaction with band 3. 403 82

Prealbumin (PA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) serum concentrations have been determined in 161 patients with different chronic and acute liver diseases and in 49 healthy controls. Their possible role in clinical practice as liver markers of hepatic biosynthesis in comparison with other traditional tests: albumin, pseudocholinesterase and clotting factors II, VII and X associated activity (Hepato-Quick) was investigated. PA and RBP were always highly intercorrelated and significantly decreased in acute viral hepatitis, steatosis, chronic persistent and active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic tumors and primary biliary cirrhosis. Among the different tests, PA and RBP presented the best values of specificity (0.98 and 0.97, respectively), sensitivity (0.77 and 0.73) and positive (0.99) and negative prediction (0.57 and 0.46). In chronic liver diseases PA and RBP distinguished more efficiently than the other biosynthetic markers among diseases with different degree of severity. In acute viral hepatitis the behavior of PA and RBP, followed for 4 consecutive weeks, was similar to that of Hepato-Quick and better than the other tests in reflecting the clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in acute and chronic liver diseases. 403 63

Eight hematologic parameter values, 16 serum biochemical constituents, serum protein fractions and albumin-globulin ratios were determined in blood samples obtained from 879 normal, healthy Beagle dogs of both sexes which had been reproduced and bred in our laboratories. The blood samples were collected from the Beagles that ranged in monthly ages from 1 to 12 and in monthly ages from 13 to 121, which were classified as the adult class. As a result, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volumes increased with growth. Red blood cell parameters of normal Beagles in our laboratories were rather higher than those in literatures presented by many other researchers. MCV decreased and MCHC increased gradually with age. Total serum protein concentrations increased with growth. alpha 1-1 and alpha 1-2 Globulin fractions descended, but beta 2 and gamma globulin fractions ascended in serum proteins. Alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and glucose concentrations decreased conspicuously with growth. Leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations decreased slightly. Serum cholinesterase and LDH activities showed a tendency to diminish similarly. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations multiplied gradually. Hematologic parameters became almost steady in our 7-month-old dogs or older ones and serum biochemical constituents had a tendency to be stable in our 7- to 9-month-old dogs or older ones in the blood. White blood cell counts, alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations, glucose concentrations, leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations were lowest in the adult class.
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PMID:[Successive changes in the blood composition of experimental normal beagle dogs associated with age]. 408 64

Human platelets separated from blood by six different methods have been compared for aggregability, adhesion to glass, adenine nucleotide content and release, and adenosine triphosphatase and cholinesterase activities. Methods of separation of platelets from blood included three differential centrifugation technics, gel filtration and two albumin density gradient methods. Platelets prepared by the different methods aggregated comparably except those separated by albumin density gradient technics which tended to be hyporeactive. Differences in adhesion to glass, adenine nucleotide content and release, and monitored enzyme activities of the various platelet preparations were noted in several cases but were not marked in general. Ultrastructural studies, reported elsewhere, revealed that platelets separated by the method of Mustard or by gel filtration were less altered morphologically than those separated by the other methods. Platelets separated from blood by gel filtration also appeared somewhat superior functionally to platelets separated by other methods.
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PMID:Comparison of certain functions of human platelets separated from blood by various means. 427 71

A report is presented of 69 women, aged-16-43, who used the sequential preparation Ovanon (mestranal and chlormadinone and mestranol combined). Serum concentration measurements were takem for various compounds after 1 and 3 months of oral contraceptive use. Total protein albumin and other serum globulin fractions and enzymes remained constant. There were decreases in the serum cholinesterase and serum alkaline phosphates after 3 months. An increase in the ceruloplasmine concentration was evident after the 1st month of oral contraceptive use. The increases and decreases reported here are less than in similar studies on the effect of combination preparations. The smaller fluctuation in the serum concentrations is attributed to the lower estrogen content of the sequential preparation.
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PMID:[Alterations in various serum protein and serum enzyme levels during treatment with sequence-type oral contraceptives]. 555 34

Sex, age and 21 routine liver function assays were analyzed by stepwise selection and the best-of-all-possible-combinations method to identify a small group of assays valuable in establishing which liver cirrhosis (LC) patients have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), when alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is not elevated. Data was obtained from 115 HCC and 122 LC patients on admission. Tumor size correlated with AFP (0.73), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 0.47), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, 0.42), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH, 0.42), and the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) ratio (GOT/GPT, 0.41). The mean of the correct diagnosis rates (CDR) of HCC and LC utilizing AFP as the sole parameter (89%) was markedly higher than those of the other parameters. The best-of-all-possible-combinations method presented a more powerful combination than stepwise selection. The best combination of 7 parameters (LAP, GOT/GPT, choline esterase, one-hour erythrocyte sedimentation rate, age, albumin/globulin ratio, and total bilirubin) presented a mean CDR of 80%, HCC CDR of 77%, and false positive rate of 18%. LC patients statistically diagnosed as having HCC by these 7 parameters are proposed as high risk patients. Fourteen (78%) of 18 HCC patients who were AFP-negative were statistically diagnosed. This analysis can be applied to LC patients to distinguish those that should be followed closely by imaging diagnostic techniques.
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PMID:Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis using liver function assays. 620 37

A change in erythrocyte osmotic fragility was observed on various liver diseases by means of the coil planet centrifuge (CPC) system, and the relationship between changes in it and in serum lipids was studied. According to the CPC classification of hemolytic patterns of L, M, T and R, the frequency of appearance of T and R increased in liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma. Hemolytic start and end points both changed considerably in primary hepatoma, acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Change of hemolytic end point which shifted to the hypotonic side is more prominent than that of hemolytic start point. The hemolytic end point showed an inverse correlation to serum alkaline phosphatase and LAP, and correlation to pseudocholinesterase and albumin. Among the relations of red cell fragility and lipids of the lipoprotein fractions, free cholesterol and the ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid in high density lipoprotein were both in remarkable inverse correlation to the hemolytic end point. Free cholesterol in high density lipoprotein was concluded one of the most important determinants of erythrocyte osmotic fragility.
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PMID:Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in various liver diseases--application of coil planet centrifuge system. 626 80

The stability of various marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma constituents was investigated after storage at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. The method of sequential analysis ensured that the between-run bias of the methods of analysis used was drastically reduced, and the definitions of stability were linked to the imprecision of these methods. Optimal conditions for storage for as long as 48 h depended on the analyte being measured. Room temperature was optimal for cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase; 4 degrees C for protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase; and -20 degrees C for glutathione reductase and alkaline phosphatase. For aspartate amino-transferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, either 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C would be suitable. Reasons are advanced for some conflicting reports in the published work, and we emphasize the need to investigate each analyte and species separately.
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PMID:Stabilities of some constituents of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma under various conditions of storage. 641 8

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3


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