Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dimethadione (DMO)/trimethadione (TMO) ratios in serum after oral administration of TMO were investigated in 15 normal subjects and in 20 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Severe impairment of liver function was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, total protein and plasma albumin, or an increase in total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and indocyanine green retention rate (ICG R15). Serum concentration ratios of DMO to TMO at 2 or 4 h after oral administration of TMO in patients were significantly decreased by 67 or 66%, respectively, compared to normal subjects. DMO/TMO ratios at 2 or 4 h following oral administration of TMO were well correlated with the liver function parameters (plasma albumin r = 0.758 at 2 h, r = 0.776 at 4 h; total protein r = 0.613 at 2 h, r = 0.619 at 4 h; ICG R15 r = -0.683 at 2 h, r = -0.746 at 4 h, in patients only; cholinesterase r = 0.873 at 2 h, r = 0.908 at 4 h) as well as with pharmacokinetic parameters (total body clearance r = 0.794 at 2 h, r = 0.786 at 4 h) in both the normal subjects and the patients. It suggests that the DMO/TMO ratio obtained in a single blood sample collected after oral administration of TMO might provide a useful measure for function hepatic reserve.
 ...
PMID:Trimethadione tolerance test for evaluation of functional reserve of the liver in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices. 372 21

We measured the activity of carnosinase, a prominent hepatic peptidase, in sera from 69 patients with liver disorders. Mean values (and SDs) for those with liver cirrhosis (17 cases) and hepatoma (seven cases) were 0.51 (0.28) and 0.68 (0.21) mumol/mL per hour, respectively--clearly less than for normal adults: 4.19 (0.95) mumol/mL per hour. Samples from 17 cases of chronic hepatitis also showed moderately decreased activity, 1.41 (0.97) mumol/mL per hour. In contrast, 14 cases of acute hepatitis generally showed values falling within the normal limits: 3.41 (1.97) mumol/mL per hour. Our results for carnosinase correlated with those for cholinesterase (r = 0.70) and with the concentration of albumin in serum (r = 0.59), but not with the activity of either creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase in serum. Carnosinase values differed more among groups of disorders than did the values for cholinesterase or albumin. Measurement of serum carnosinase activity may be of clinical value in assessing the severity of chronic liver-cell damage, but not in differentiating liver disease from nutritional, muscle, or endocrine disorders.
 ...
PMID:Decreased activity of carnosinase in serum of patients with chronic liver disorders. 373 53

Changes in the amount of hippurate synthesized and excreted in the urine after 1.5 gm benzoate loading (intravenous hippuric acid test [HAT]) in patients with liver disease before surgery were studied in relation to arterial blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) (BKBR), reflecting energy status of the liver. In these patients, the HAT values for 120 minutes were decreased significantly (1.088 +/- 0.129 gm, n = 9; 1.071 +/- 0.258 gm, n = 7; 1.258 +/- 0.126 gm, n = 10; in cirrhosis with liver tumor, cirrhosis with esophageal varix, and obstructive jaundice, respectively) as compared with the value in patients without liver disease (1.829 +/- 0.093 gm, n = 16, P less than 0.01). The correlation coefficient of the BKBR and the HAT value was 0.766, which was higher than that of the BKBR and albumin or the BKBR and choline esterase (r = 0.532 and r = 0.646, respectively). Serum levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were not correlated with the HAT values. Because hippurate is synthesized in liver mitochondria by the continuous supply of adenosine triphosphate through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, HAT is considered to be a test that evaluates the energetic capacity of the liver to manage a metabolic load imposed on it.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of hippurate-synthesizing capacity in surgical patients with liver disease: a metabolic tolerance test. 377 26

Blood chemistry profiles were obtained for two lines of Japanese quail selected for resistance to aflatoxin, and for a nonselected control line. Nine of the 18 plasma components measured in samples taken at 4 weeks of age changed as a result of selection. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and potassium, and the activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and cholinesterase were significantly elevated in aflatoxin-resistant quail compared with the nonselected line. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and alpha-amylase changed most dramatically; both activities were much lower in the resistant lines than in the control line. In another experiment, serum total protein, albumin, alpha-amylase, and beta-glucuronidase were tested as identifiers of aflatoxin-resistant individuals within a nonselected population of quail. Serum samples obtained from 150 nonselected quail immediately before and 24 hr after administration of an oral dose of aflatoxin were analyzed for each of the four components. The acute toxicosis decreased body weight, serum alpha-amylase activity, total protein, and albumin; whereas, serum beta-glucuronidase activity and the coefficients of variation for each parameter were increased. Correlations between measurements made prior to dosing and parameters reflecting aflatoxin susceptibility were not significant. However, postdose determinations of albumin, protein, and beta-glucuronidase were significantly related to susceptibility parameters. These data indicate that the four blood components tested cannot be utilized to identify resistant birds within a nonselected population of quail without an aflatoxin challenge; but albumin, protein, and beta-glucuronidase are correlated with resistance when measured during an aflatoxin stress.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of certain blood parameters to aflatoxin resistance in Japanese quail. 377 34

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. This study analyzes the frequency of malnutrition in surgical patients with solid and operable tumors, the relation to the type of tumor and stage of the disease. In addition, the clinical value of the measurements carried out is discussed. The analysis was performed in 100 cancer patients (34 gastric cancer, 56 colorectal cancer, and 10 breast cancer). The nutritional assessment included individual dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The results were compared with international standards or normal plasma concentrations respectively. Most patients suffered from an alternation of the nutritional parameters indicating malnutrition, mostly Kwashiorkor-Marasmus Mix. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer showed more often a decline of the nutritional status than patients with breast cancer. Malnutrition became more severe with advanced disease. The parameters examined revealed varying significance with respect to the assessment of the nutritional status. Some measurements showed little clinical importance; the reasons are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of the nutritional status of surgical patients]. 393 Sep 1

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. In 100 patients with solid and operable tumours nutritional assessment with different types of measurements (dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests) was performed. Individual abnormal nutritional measurements were compared with the incidence of complications postoperatively, which were found in 32 out of 95 patients. These complications appeared more often in correlation with the decline of nutritional status. However, we could not prove a statistically significant correlation between the examined parameters themselves and the incidence or lack, respectively, of postoperative complications. Possible reasons are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Reduced nutritional status of the surgical tumor patient--a risk factor for postoperative complications?]. 393 Sep 2

The influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional assessment of patients with recurrent cancer was studied. One hundred forty-six patients with recurrent gastric, colorectal and breast cancer who have been admitted to our hospital during the past five years were surveyed. Serum albumin and cholinesterase levels on admission in the gastric and breast cancer patients who died in the hospital were considerably lower than those of the patients who recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital. The patients with recurrent gastric cancer who received TPN for more than a week were also analyzed. It was shown that those whose levels of serum total protein and albumin did not respond favorably to TPN were the patients with shortest survival. Therefore, by checking the response to the administration of TPN, it seems to be possible to predict the patient's prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional incidences in patients with recurrent cancer]. 393 22

The value of serum bile acid concentrations for predicting prognosis in cirrhotics was compared with the prognostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings in a prospective 1-year study of 76 patients with cirrhosis. A commercial radioimmunoassay for total serum-conjugated primary bile acids was used. Of 76 patients, 16 died within the follow-up period. The concentration of bile acids in serum more closely correlated with mortality in cirrhosis than the commonly used clinical and laboratory parameters such as the Number Connection Test, ascites, albumin, pseudocholinesterase, bilirubin, prothrombin time and nutritional state. Serum bile acids alone yielded a prediction of mortality comparable to the Child classification. When logistic regression analysis was performed, optimal prediction of prognosis was achieved with the combination of serum bile acids and the Number Connection Test. Serum bile acid levels alone or in combination with the Number Connection Test may be a clinically useful prognostic index in cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of serum bile acids in cirrhosis. 394 90

The kinetic properties of cholinesterase (ChE) present in plasma were compared with those of purified human ChE using the substrates succinyldithiocholine (SDTCh), acetylthiocholine (AcTCh) and butyrylthiocholine (BuTCh). SDTCh was hydrolysed at two sites; a site with a low Km (Km1 11.4 +/- 3.3 microM) with a Vmax of 0.06 mumol/min/ml and a site with a high Km (Km2 132.4 +/- 14.8 microM) and a Vmax of 0.107 mumol/min/ml. The Km2 site was absent in the sample of purified ChE. The related thiocholine esters, AcTCh and BuTCh were hydrolysed at two sites by both plasma and purified ChE. This indicated that the Km2 site which hydrolysed SDTCh was not ChE. The identity of this component in plasma remains unknown but it was shown not to be albumin. The anticholinesterase agents soman and pyridostigmine were used to demonstrate the direct relationship between inhibition of plasma ChE and hydrolysis of SDTCh at the low concentrations present clinically (20 microM). Whereas high concentrations of SDTCh (200 micron) could be partly hydrolysed by an enzyme present in plasma which is insensitive to ChE inhibitors. In a limited study on the plasma from two "atypical" individuals (Dibucaine number less than 20) all three substrates were hydrolysed at a single site with a higher Km than the Km2 site present in normal plasma. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The hydrolysis of succinyldithiocholine and related thiocholine esters by human plasma and purified cholinesterase. 395 97

Fasting serum bile acid (FSBA) was serially measured by a fluorescent enzyme method in a follow-up study of 61 patients with chronic liver disease. In chronic inactive hepatitis, fluctuation of FSBA was within the normal range in both the exacerbated state and in remission. In chronic active hepatitis, FSBA was abnormally elevated in both states, but the difference was not significant. In chronic active hepatitis where FSBA was elevated in the remission state above its value in the exacerbated state, exacerbation of the disease occurred repeatedly during the follow-up period. In compensated liver cirrhosis progressing into the decompensated form, FSBA levels increased before a decrease in the serum values of albumin, cholesterol, and cholinesterase, and an elevation of bilirubin. In liver cirrhosis, FSBA levels increased above 100 microM, 1-4 months before the appearance of ascites.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of fasting serum bile acid in the long-term observation of chronic liver disease. 397


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>