Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on some nutritional variables were prospectively investigated in 12 severely cachectic patients with advanced cancer. The following variables were determined before and at 5-day intervals during the 20-day administration of TPN: anthropometric indices (body weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, arm muscle area, arm fat area, total body muscle mass); biochemical indices (total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, total iron binding capacity, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, retinol binding protein, urinary 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretion, nitrogen balance); and peripheral lymphocyte count. TPN was delivered at 49.5 nonprotein kcal/kg-1/day-1 (80% as dextrose and 20% as fat) and amino acids 1.9 g/kg-1/day-1. A significant increase was obtained in body weight, triceps skinfold, arm fat area, and retinol binding protein. All remaining anthropometric and biochemical parameters did not show any significant positive or negative change, although nitrogen balance remained positive. No significant liver toxicity was apparent after the TPN period. It was concluded that although TPN is unable to completely reverse some nutrition-related variables in cachectic patients with cancer, most patients were kept within a normal range and some improved. Therefore, further deterioration of the nutritional state, which is characteristic of this phase of disease, was at least prevented.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition prevents further nutritional deterioration in patients with cancer cachexia. 310 24

We describe a case of liver cirrhosis lacking the expected increase in serum thyroxin (T4)-binding globulin (TBG) despite abrupt, severe increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) in serum. Sequential change in serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and TBG concentrations were also measured retrospectively in serum of 10 hospitalized patients with acute viral hepatitis. Although their mean T4 and TBG concentrations significantly exceeded those in 40 normal subjects (P less than 0.002 and P less than 0.001, respectively), these values were within the normal reference intervals in five patients. ASAT and ALAT concentrations were not significantly different in patients with increased TBG and patients with normal TBG, whereas mean concentrations of serum albumin and cholinesterase and mean prothrombin times (in percent) in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.001, respectively). For 60 samples with increased ASAT and ALAT, TBG and albumin or cholinesterase correlated significantly (r = 0.49, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.50, P less than 0.001, respectively), but not TBG and ASAT or ALAT. Collectively, these results suggest that the increase in serum TBG in acute hepatitis may reflect its synthesis in regenerating hepatocytes rather than a simple leakage from damaged hepatocytes.
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PMID:Are increases in thyroxin-binding globulin in patients with acute hepatitis ascribable to synthesis by regenerating hepatocytes? 312 18

One case of pseudo-acholinestrasemia was experienced in our hospital. The patient was a 54-year-old female with sigmoid colon cancer. A preoperative examination showed that her cholinesterase (ChE) level was 7 IU/L (normal range: 3,700-5,400 IU/L) although no abnormalities were found in other enzymes derived from the liver, total protein and albumin level in the serum. An investigation of eight family members over two generations revealed two cases of acholinesterasemia in addition to the patient. Immunological examination by Ouchterlony's method and isoenzyme analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that ChE production was absent in this case, while dibucaine or fluoride number was normal among the family members. Based on these results, it was concluded that this patient belonged to the silent type of homozygote. A case of pseudo-acholinesterasemia, which is very rare in Japan, is described.
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PMID:A case with silent type of pseudo-acholinesterasemia. 315 Jan 38

Cholinesterase activity and concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulins were measured in the serum of 94 carefully selected prematures and newborns during the first week of life. Cholinesterase activity was significantly lower in prematures than in newborns. There was a weak correlation between serum concentration of albumin and cholinesterase activity. Total protein, albumin and gamma-globulins were significantly lower in premature babies. With the exception of alpha-1-globulin, all proteins correlated positively with gestational age. There was no difference in total serum protein concentration between small for gestational age infants and appropriate for gestational age infants. Postnatally, serum protein and cholinesterase activity rose by 27 44% within 7 to 10 weeks in prematures of 30-33 weeks of gestational age. A single infusion of 0.5 g/kg b.w. albumin transiently increased the protein concentration of prematures 1.5 fold; 7 to 10 weeks later, protein concentrations of treated and untreated prematures were no longer different. In conclusion, cholinesterase activity and protein concentrations correlated with gestational age. In prematures with disturbed microcirculation, albumin infusions resulted in a transient increase of protein concentration.
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PMID:[Cholinesterase activity and protein concentration in the serum of premature and newborn infants]. 358 66

To assess the sensitivity, specificity and clinical value of prealbumin as liver test, prealbumin plasma levels were measured in 100 patients with liver disease and in 65 patients without clinical evidence of liver impairment. The sensitivity of prealbuminemia was higher than that of albumin, pseudocholinesterase, apolipoprotein and prothrombin activity. Its specificity was higher than that of pseudocholinesterase and comparable with the specificity of other liver tests. Prealbumin plasma levels were progressively decreasing in patients with liver cirrhosis graded as Child's A, B and C, respectively. In these patients prealbuminemia was correlated with galactose elimination capacity, assumed to be an index of maximal liver functional capacity.
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PMID:Value of prealbumin plasma levels as liver test. 362 40

1. A variety of biochemical measurements were taken periodically in captive northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus L.), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula L.) to determine whether baseline values remain sufficiently stable throughout the year for general clinical use in the absence of concurrent control specimens. 2. Variables included whole blood hematocrit and hemoglobin, plasma lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, albumin, total protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and brain acetylcholinesterase. Butyryl- and acetylcholinesterase were included because of their specific uses in toxicology. 3. Significant seasonal differences were detected for each of the variables except brain acetylcholinesterase in at least one of the species. Significant species differences were detected during at least one season for all of the variables measured. 4. All species were maintained outdoors, but only northern bobwhites came into reproductive condition and showed sex-differences in the clinical variables during their normal breeding season. 5. It was concluded that reference values for the 18 clinical variables measured could be calculated from our data for adult specimens of the species studied, and that results for one species cannot be extrapolated with certainty to any other species. 6. Estimated normal bounds for each of the 18 variables measured by commonly used clinical procedures are presented for reproductively quiescent northern bobwhites, European starlings, red-winged blackbirds, and common grackles.
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PMID:Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines. 366 39

The hypothesis that the toxic effects of imidocarb mediated by reduced cholinesterase activity might be intensified by hypomagnesaemia was tested in calves. Hypomagnesaemia was induced in 12 males (50 kg) using an artificial milk based on a commercial nondairy coffee creamer. Although plasma magnesium levels reached 0.33 mmol litre-1 in two weeks no clinical signs were detected. In 12 control calves a daily magnesium supplement of 0.6 g was inadequate although the published requirement is 0.45 g; it was raised to 1.2 g to keep plasma magnesium normal. Lighter calves developed hypomagnesaemia more readily and fast-growing calves had lower plasma urea concentrations. Plasma calcium, but not plasma magnesium, showed significant positive correlation with plasma albumin. The only statistically significant effects of hypomagnesaemia were slight elevations of white cell count and plasma sodium. The hypomagnesaemic and normomagnesaemic calves were divided into two equal groups and treated with 3.3 mg kg-1 of imidocarb dipropionate or a placebo. The drug produced the expected clinical signs of mild toxicity and depression of cholinesterase but no other adverse effects. Transient slight depressions of plasma calcium and potassium concentration, a transient rise of plasma sodium and elevation of creatine kinase occurred. None of the effects of imidocarb treatment was intensified by hypomagnesaemia except, perhaps, constriction of the pupils; generally, hypomagnesaemic animals were affected less.
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PMID:Effect of induced hypomagnesaemia on the toxicity of imidocarb in calves. 370 46

Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from nine-week-old suncus, mice and rats those had been fasted for 16 hours, and the serum was assayed for the levels of corticosterone, cortisol, and other constituents. The following results were obtained: The serum levels of corticosterone and cortisol and corticosterone/cortisol ratio of suncus were about the same as those of human. The SGPT, gamma-GT, ALP, LDH, Ca and K values in suncus were all within the normal range of the respective values in human. SGOT, amylase, BUN, Na, Cl, Fe and inorganic phosphate values were higher, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were lower in suncus than the respective normal values in human. The values of SGOT, amylase, ZTT, and K were higher in female than in male suncus, while the values of gamma-GT and ALP were higher in the male. Feeding the animals individually in the individual cages for a week increased the values of direct bilirubin, total cholesterol, ZTT, Na, K and Cl and lowered the value of urea. The values of SGPT, ALP and triglyceride of suncus obtained in 1984 were higher, the value of albumin was lower, than the respective values obtained in 1983. The value of cholinesterase in suncus was very small.
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PMID:Serum constituents of Suncus murinus. 370 76

Using fully mechanized analytical equipment, interference by haemolysis in the determination of 26 clinical chemical parameters was determined quantitatively by adding haemolysate to serum. Haemoglobin concentrations up to 6.6 g/l caused essentially no interference in the following determinations: albumin (immuno-nephelometric), alpha-amylase, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatinine, iron, glucose, glutamate dehydrogenase, uric acid, urea, sodium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, transferrin and triglycerides. In the presence of haemoglobin, erroneously high values were found for: lactate dehydrogenase (haemoglobin higher than 0.2 g/l), aspartate aminotransferase, potassium and acid phosphate (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l), creatine kinase (haemoglobin higher than 2.5 g/l) and alanine aminotransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.4 g/l). Erroneously low values were found for bilirubin (haemoglobin higher than 0.8 g/l), alkaline phosphatase and albumin (by electrophoresis) (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.0 g/l).
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PMID:Haemolysis as an interference factor in clinical chemistry. 371 97

The cholesterol and phospholipid content and the fatty acid composition in plasma and red cell membranes was determined in 10 alcoholics with macrocytic erythrocytes. None of the patients had anemia. Red cells exhibited macrocytosis up to 108 fl in all patients. Bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin, and cholinesterase were in the normal range, whereas transaminases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in serum were elevated in most of the patients. The molar ratio cholesterol/phospholipids in red cells was not altered in alcoholics. An abnormally high ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was found in plasma as well as in red cell phospholipids from alcoholics. Linoleic acid was substantially decreased in plasma of alcoholics (controls 32.3%, alcoholics 21.8%). This fatty acid abnormality was reflected by a decrease of linoleic acid in red cell phosphatidylcholine. The present data may suggest that fatty acid changes taking place in membranes of macrocytes were a consequence of changes in the plasma and reflect plasma/membrane exchanges rather than direct effects of ethanol on red cell membranes. Lipid alterations of red cell membranes may be involved in the development of macrocytosis in chronic alcoholism.
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PMID:Plasma and red cell lipids in alcoholics with macrocytosis. 371 88


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