Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was performed using dose levels of 6, 20, 60 and 200 mg/kg in rats, and recovery was also assessed one month after withdrawal. 1. Toxic signs caused by N-22 administration, observed only in the 200 mg/kg group, were as follows: soiling around the mouth and/or nose, piloerection, anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Nine males and thirteen females in the 200 mg/kg group excreted bloody diarrhea and died of general exhaustion between weeks four and thirteen of study. 2. In the 200 mg/kg group, decrease in food consumption and suppression of body weight gain were noted in males from about week four and in females from about week six after initiation of administration, and increase in water consumption was noted in males from about week seven. 3. Urinary examination revealed a decline in urinary pH in males of the 20 mg/kg and above groups and elevation of urobilinogen levels in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. 4. Hematological examination showed decreases in erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and increase in reticulocyte rate in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group and an increase in neutrophil rate in males of the 200 mg/kg group. 5. Biochemical examination demonstrated a decrease in chloride (Cl-) in males receiving the 20 mg/kg or above doses and a decrease in calcium (Ca++) in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. Moreover, there were decreases in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) values, as well as increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and potassium (K+) in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group, along with elevations in GOT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in females of the 200 mg/kg group. 6. The absolute and/or relative organ weights for liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenals were increased in the 200 mg/kg group. 7. On pathological examination, perforating ulceration in the jejunum and ileum, turbid ascites, adhesion and inflammatory changes in capsules of the abdominal organs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymph node hyperplasia and inflammatory changes in the thoracic cavity were observed in dead animals of the 200 mg/kg group. Similar pathological changes were observed in a few survival cases of the 200 mg/kg group. 8. After a one month recovery period, the above-mentioned changes had mostly recovered, indicating that they were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22) in rats]. 223 86

The disappearance rate of indocyanine green (K.ICG) and the maximum removal rate (Rmax) usually correlate with each other. However, in some cases it was shown there was a dissociation between them. We investigated the relationship between the two rates in 146 subjects. K.ICG and Rmax correlated strongly with a correlation coefficient of 0.749 (p less than 0.001). Sixty-six cases were included in the limits of 95% confidence, and the other 80 cases outside the limits were defined as dissociated cases. Among them a lower Rmax rate as compared to the K.ICG rate was found in many cases of obstructive jaundice. Particularly a lower K.ICG rate compared to the Rmax rate was found in many cases of liver cirrhosis accompanied by esophageal varices and idiopathic portal hypertension. On the other hands, we performed multiple regression analysis on 12 other liver function tests. K.ICG was strongly related to platelet count, circulatory blood volume, and albumin, all factors relating to portal hypertension. Rmax largely depended on LCAT, A/G ratio, and cholinesterase, which are Therefore, the dissociation between K.ICG and Rmax was caused by differences in the characteristic of each disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of correlation between the disappearance rate of indocyanine green and the maximum removal rate]. 223 72

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin, singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred (Yorkshire x Landrace x Hampshire) pigs. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 6 barrows each fed diets containing 0 mg of AF and T-2/kg of feed (controls; group 1), 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed (group 2), 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (group 3), or 2.5 mg of AF plus 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (AF + T-2; group 4) ad libitum for 28 days (7 to 11 weeks of age). Production performance, and serum biochemical, and hematologic evaluations were made weekly. Body weight and body weight gain were depressed by all toxin treatments, but the effect of AF and T-2 toxin in combination was less than additive. Liver and kidney weights, as a percentage of body weight, were increased by AF treatment, and heart weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased by T-2 treatment. Treatment with T-2 toxin induced necrotizing contact dermatitis on the snout, buccal commissures, and prepuce. Consumption of AF resulted in increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Consumption of T-2 toxin resulted in increased serum triglyceride concentration and decreased serum iron concentration. Treatment with AF induced lower serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity and high RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, and prothrombin time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of treatment of growing swine with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. 224 Jul 92

Twenty-six consecutive admissions of 24 patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) hospitalized in our Department at some time between January 1983 and December 1988 were studied to identify factors useful in the prediction of response to medical treatment in the acute inflammatory phase of this disease. Results of laboratory tests (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet count, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total protein, albumin, alpha 2-microglobulin, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) and of endoscopic findings (extent of disease, progress of the lesions, sparing of the rectum, and presence of geographic ulcers, longitudinal ulcers, and polypoid mucosal tags) were analyzed for any relationship with the effect of medical treatment during the acute phase. The effect of treatment was evaluated in terms of days it took for a severe condition to improve to an intermediate one defined by Truelove and Witts' categories for UC severity. C-Reactive protein, nutritive condition (total protein, albumin, and cholinesterase), extent of the lesions, and existence of polypoid mucosal tags provide predictive factors useful in the management of UC during the acute phase.
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PMID:Predictive factors for the response of ulcerative colitis patients during the acute-phase treatment. 225 21

Selected serum constituents were analyzed from 50 adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes during several stages of reproduction: pre-egg laying, egg laying, incubating, molting, and postreproductive. Similar assays were conducted on sera from ducklings aged 5 to 58 days. Values for total protein (TPR), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), calcium (CA), phosphorus (PHOS) and magnesium (MG) differed by sex. When all data were combined and analyzed for sex-related differences within each reproductive condition separately, all assays except lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L), cholinesterase (CHE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRN) and direct bilirubin (BIDI) differed between sexes during one or more reproductive periods. Each assay showed differences among the various reproductive conditions regardless of gender. The pattern of change differed between sexes. All assays except ALB, GLU, CA and MG showed age-related changes. Lipemia in the sample interfered with all chemistries except TPR, LD-L and CA. Results indicate that when using clinical chemistry as a diagnostic tool in the mallard, age and reproductive condition should be determined in order to compare the data to appropriate control values.
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PMID:Changes in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) serum chemistry due to age, sex, and reproductive condition. 230 2

In experiments on female rats the effect of peritoneal dialysis with variously diluted human plasma in peroral poisoning with the organophosphorous insecticide Neguvon, in which inhibition of blood acetylcholinesterase occurs, was examined. Out of the three protein plasma concentrations tested (7 g/l, 70 g/l and 140 g/l), the highest increase in the activity of the inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the blood was induced with the concentration of 70 g/l. A closer examination of the effect of the individual components of the dialysate for Neguvon poisoning revealed that approximately 60% of the effect of treatment is due to albumin, 40% to butyrylcholinesterase in the administered plasma. The comparison of the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase in the plasma, which was administered as the dialysate, with Neguvon in vitro and in vivo shows that the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase in the dialysate in vivo is produced by about 35% of the Neguvon dose, administered to experimental animals, and that therefore the actual dose of Neguvon, which induced the poisoning, was decreased to two thirds. This is in agreement with the fact that the LD50 value in treated rats after single-dose administration of the dialysate is more than two times higher than in untreated rats.
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PMID:[Use of peritoneal dialysis as a therapeutic method in poisoning by Neguvon]. 237 48

Serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 5 patients with malabsorption syndrome. The serum level of PSTI was elevated to 123.8 +/- 25.8 ng/ml (Mean +/- SE) in patients with malabsorption syndrome, which was significantly higher than the 16.6 +/- 0.7 ng/ml level seen in 116 healthy control subjects. Serum PSTI levels in 5 patients with malabsorption syndrome showed inverse correlations with serum levels of cholesterol, cholinesterase and amylase, and not with serum levels of vitamin E, carotene, apoprotein A-IV, albumin, nor with immunoreactive elastase 1, respectively. These results suggest that elevated levels of serum PSTI represent a state of malnutrition due to impaired intestinal absorption.
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PMID:Elevated levels of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with malabsorption syndrome. 243 66

Biochemical analyses of sera from 27 patients with anorexia nervosa were performed and compared with those of normal female volunteers and other anorectic groups including patients who had undergone digestive tract surgery and patients with malignancies. There were significant increases in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, cholesterol, and amylase activity and significant decreases in total serum protein, blood sugar, albumin, globulins, and cholinesterase in anorexia nervosa patients compared with normal control subjects. At discharge, these values slightly improved. Similar alterations were also observed in two other anorectic groups. Compared with anorexia nervosa patients, the two other anorectic groups showed a severe reduction in the albumin level and increase in the globulin level. In two other anorectic groups cholesterol levels were lower, and in the malignancy group cholinesterase level was lower than in the anorexia nervosa patients. In anorexia nervosa patients, biochemical abnormalities in the serum were more frequent in total serum protein (93%), blood sugar (85%), and globulins (78%) than in other serum factors, such as blood urea nitrogen (15%), uric acid (15%), and alkaline phosphatase (7%). These results suggest that detection of biochemical abnormalities in the above-mentioned serum factors in routine analyses would be valuable in making an early diagnosis of anorexia nervosa from various anorectic disorders.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities of the serum in anorexia nervosa. 245 69

Plasma aspirin esterase activity, expressed as nmol salicylate formed/ml plasma/min, was found to be similar in a group of healthy elderly adults, a group of young adults and a group of frail young adults, but was lower in a sample of frail elderly subjects. This was associated with reduced plasma albumin levels in healthy elderly subjects compared with young subjects and levels were lower still in the frail elderly group. Plasma cholinesterase also showed a trend towards reduced activity in the frail elderly subjects. As plasma aspirin esterase activity may influence the amount of circulating aspirin, these changes may have implications for the use of aspirin in frail elderly people.
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PMID:Plasma aspirin esterase: the influence of old age and frailty. 249 85

Nutritional assessment has not yet been established as integral part of basic clinical diagnostic procedures everywhere, eventhough the prognostic relevance of malnutrition is well known. One of the reasons is the lack of nutritional indicators, which are specific of and sensitive for changes of the nutritional status on the one hand, and routinely analyzed on the other. We report on the utility of serum cholinesterase, which has the shortest half-life of all plasma proteins, to identify malnourished patients. 54 internal inpatients with malignant diseases or in septic state were followed up prospectively with respect to courses of cholinesterase (CHE), albumin (ALB), transferrin (TRA), and body weight over periods of 4 weeks. A correct correlation to malnutrition was defined as plasma concentrations less than reference ranges or continuous concentr. fall greater than 10%. Based on 132 observations (65 with continuous weight loss, mean: -5.5% of original w.; 54 w. gain, mean +4.6%, 13 constant w.), changes of CHE had the highest correlation to weight changes (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001), compared to the courses of TRA- or ALB-levels (r = 0.65/0.68). Incorrect positive results (conc. fall or conc. less than ref. range without weight loss): absolute levels - CHE 4%, ALB 4%, TRA 22%; conc. courses - CHE 0%, ALB 0%, TRA 6%. Incorrect negative: absolute c. - CHE 63%, ALB 30%, TRA 28%; courses - CHE 15%, ALB 19%, TRA 17%. The common determination of CHE and ALB-courses allowed a correct identification of malnutrition in 96% of all observations, with the same result as the courses of ALB + TRA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Assessment of nutritional status--a part of routine clinical diagnosis: cholinesterase activity as a nutritional indicator]. 251 76


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