Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The glutathione (GSH) S-transferases are believed to have dual functions as hepatic detoxifying enzymes and intrahepatic binding proteins. Little is known about their alterations in human liver diseases. Therefore, we have studied the relationship between the enzyme activity and rose bengal (RB) binding in hepatic cytosol and plasma indocyanine green (ICG) kinetics in patients with various liver diseases. The enzyme activity was measured in samples of hepatic cytosol obtained from 52 patients. In addition, the content of cationic and neutral transferases was estimated in 17 biopsy samples by densitometry of Coomassie blue stained sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms. RB binding studies also were performed on cytosol samples. ICG kinetic parameters were determined using the two-compartment open model in 17 patients who were given the dye (0.5 mg kg-1) intravenously. Correlations between the enzyme activity and liver function tests, content of the enzyme, RB binding and ICG kinetic parameters were evaluated. The following results were obtained. (1) The enzyme activities were high in alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver and Gilbert's syndrome, and low in cirrhosis. (2) The enzyme activities were positively correlated with serum cholinesterase activity, serum albumin level and hepaplastin test, and negatively correlated with ICG retention rate at 15 min. (3) The enzyme activity, its content and RB binding affinity of the cytosol were positively correlated with each other. (4) The enzyme activity was positively correlated with hepatic ICG distribution volume. These results are consistent with the role of the GSH S-transferases as ligandins in intracellular storage of dyes.
...
PMID:Relationship between content of hepatic glutathione S-transferases and the kinetics of indocyanine green elimination in various liver diseases. 825 11

The activities of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipid transfer protein (LTP) were assayed using sensitive radioassay methods in controls (n = 113) and in patients with various liver diseases (n = 72). Plasma LCAT activity decreased with progression of hepatocellular damage. Plasma LTP activity in controls was 216 +/- 68 nmol/mL/h, and there were no significant differences between controls and patients with chronic hepatitis ([CH], 193 +/- 70), compensated liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without hepatocellular carcinoma ([HCC], 197 +/- 48 and 193 +/- 62, respectively), or decompensated liver cirrhosis ([dLC], 182 +/- 65). In acute viral hepatitis, LTP activity decreased significantly; however, the degree of reduction was not as dramatic as that for LCAT. There was no correlation between LCAT and LTP activity both in controls and patients with various liver diseases. LCAT activity was positively correlated with serum albumin (r = .52, P < 0.1) and cholinesterase (r = .37, P < .01) levels, and inversely correlated with serum bilirubin level (r = -.38, P < 0.1); there was no correlation between plasma LTP activity and these parameters of liver function. That plasma LTP activity did not change with hepatocellular damage may indicate that the liver in humans may not be the primary site of LTP production.
...
PMID:Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and lipid transfer protein activities in liver disease. 844 43

Serum pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) activity and serum albumin concentration have been used as markers for inflammatory activity as well as malnutrition in Crohn's disease (CD) with controversial results. Therefore we investigated the valence of both proteins as markers of inflammation and/or malnutrition in 50 patients with active CD [Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI): median = 243; interquartile range = 191-288] and 70 patients with quiescent CD (CDAI: 62; 25-96). Thirty patients were malnourished, 18 with active [body weight: 84%; 79-88% IBW (ideal body weight)] and 12 with quiescent CD (87.5%; 81.5-88% IBW), and 90 patients were well nourished, 32 with active (96%; 93-112% IBW) and 58 with quiescent CD (104.5%; 96-116% IBW). Median values of PCHE activity and albumin concentration were within the normal range in both groups, in patients with active as well as quiescent CD. PCHE activity was decreased only in 24 patients (48%) with active, but also in 11 (15.7%) patients with quiescent disease. Albumin concentration was decreased in 12 patients (24%) with active and in one patient (1.4%) with quiescent disease. Comparing the two patient groups PCHE activity and albumin concentration were significantly lower in active than in quiescent CD [PCHE: 3.70 kU/l; 3.00-4.30 kU/l vs. 4.80 kU/l; 3.75-5.82 kU/l, p < 0.001; Albumin: 38.0 g/l; 35.1-39.9 g/l vs. 43.8 g/l; 40.8-46.3 g/l, p < 0.001]. Both proteins were significantly lower in malnourished than in well nourished patients, except albumin in patients with quiescent CD. Repeated measurements of PCHE and albumin in patients during and after active phases showed significant increases of both proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Are single measurements of pseudocholinesterase and albumin markers for inflammatory activity or nutritional status in Crohn's disease? 845 51

We compared the etiology and prognosis of liver cirrhosis in patients age 60 and older with that of patients under age 60 during the 1980s (1981-89, n = 207). Non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) was significantly more prevalent in the elderly (p < 0.05), and the mean age of NANB and alcoholic cirrhosis (Alc) were significantly older than those with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (p < 0.05). Evaluation using hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody also revealed significantly higher mean age of HCV (p < 0.05). Male patient was predominant in the younger patients than in the elderly patients. (M/F = 2.94 and 1.33, respectively) The estimated 5-year survival rate was 73.1% in the younger patients and 60.2% in the elderly patients (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, a lower serum albumin level, and the presence of the encephalopathy were significantly associated with poor prognosis in the elderly, while a lower serum cholinesterase level and a higher indocyanin green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15) were significantly associated with poor prognosis in younger patients. However, causes of deaths were not significantly different between the younger patients and the elderly patients, the proportion of deaths unrelated to liver disease predominated in the elderly patients. Thus, the etiology and the prognostic factors of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients differ from those in younger patients.
...
PMID:Etiology and prognosis of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients. 856 28

Epidemiological surveys indicate an inverse relationship between cancer occurrence and serum cholesterol. Low serum cholesterol might be either a risk factor for cancer or the effect of factors associated with cancer itself, such as biological properties of malignant cells, tumor mass, and poor nutritional status. We have measured serum cholesterol in 975 selected patients admitted to our hospital; 496 (272 males, 224 females) had solid tumors and 479 (253 males, 226 females) had non-neoplastic diseases. Serum cholesterol was positively correlated with body mass index, serum albumin, hemoglobin, and cholinesterase in both cancer and non-cancer subjects. Cholesterol was significantly lower in cancer patients than in age- and sex-matched non-cancer subjects. After adjustment for nutritional variables (analysis of covariance), the difference in cholesterol level between cancer and non-cancer subjects lost statistical significance in all but patients with tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No difference was found in adjusted mean serum cholesterol between cancer patients subdivided according to the extension of the tumor was defined by the TNM system. In patients with solid tumors, serum cholesterol seems to be more related to the nutritional status than the presence and extension of cancer.
...
PMID:Serum cholesterol levels in patients with cancer. Relationship with nutritional status. 873 54

A survival analysis was carried out based on the data of 190 male patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child A: 82.2%; Child B: 17.8%). Patients (mean age: 49.6 +/- 7.1 years) were examined during the period 1983-1990. Censoring in May 1993 was based on the recordings of the "Rentenversicherungsanstalten". There were no "drop-outs". During follow-up (mean: 4.2 years) 64 (33.7%) of the patients died. 13 potential prognostic variables were examined individually by drawing Kaplan-Meier curves and performing log-rank tests. Portal pressure, determined during hepatic vein catheterization as hepatic vein pressure gradient HVPG (P), size of esophageal varices, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, prothrombin time (Quick), thromboplastin time (PTT), cholinesterase (ChE) and Child scores were correlated to survival (p < 0.05), whereas age, gamma GT, IgA, drinking habits and additional diagnoses were not. A multivariate Cox regression analysis stepwise eliminated all but three variables: ChE, albumin and variceal size were included in the prognostic index PI of the final model. The usefulness of the model was tested by a cross validation method. No significant difference was found between estimated and observed survivorship functions. To compare the PI of the Cox model with Child's scores, ROC curves of sensitivity and specificity of predicting death within one, three and five years were constructed. Better prognostic efficiency was indicated for PI. Because ChE, albumin and the size of varices are determined as a routine in our clinic, we consider the construction of PI an advisable alternative to Child's classification.
...
PMID:Survival in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: prognostic value of portal pressure, size of esophageal varices and biochemical data. Comparison with Child classification. 877 35

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate if there was a statistical correlation between allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative infections, and if this could have a dose-dependent pattern. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses. On hospital admission the following parameters were determined in 267 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer: hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum cholinesterase activity, total iron binding capacity and weight loss. Duration of operation, operative blood loss, amount of transfused blood, Dukes' cancer stage and occurrence of postoperative infections were also recorded. One hundred and thirty-two patients (49.4%) were given perioperatively allogeneic blood. Postoperative infections developed in 47 (17.6%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified allogeneic blood transfusion as the only variable related to the occurrence of postoperative infections (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the risk for the occurrence of infection was significantly higher in patients transfused one unit of blood (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant trend between increasing number of transfused blood units and susceptibility to infection was found (p < 0.00019).
...
PMID:A single unit of transfused allogeneic blood increases postoperative infections. 891 60

The knowledge of prognostic factors capable of subdividing cancer patients into groups having homogenous survival times is useful even in very advanced stages of illness. This prospective multicenter study assessed these prognostic factors in 530 terminal patients with solid tumors who were undergoing only palliative care. Thirteen hematological and urinary parameters were assessed on admission and every 28 days thereafter. In 519 assessable patients with a median survival of 32 days, six biological parameters demonstrated a statistically significant predictive prognosis. A poor prognosis was predicted by high total white blood count (WBC) (P < 0.0001), high neutrophil percentage (P < 0.0001), low lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.0001), low serum albumin level (P = 0.0015), low pseudocholinesterase level (P < 0.0001), and high proteinuria (P = 0.0064). Multiple regression analysis showed that only WBC, lymphocyte percentage and pseudocholinesterase level were independent predictors of survival. The individualization of biological parameters having an independent prognostic capacity is a useful step in the attempt to identify subsets of patients with a homogeneous prognosis. The biological factors needed are easily detected by means of a simple blood test and do not require invasive operations on patients who are already debilitated.
...
PMID:Biological indices predictive of survival in 519 Italian terminally ill cancer patients. Italian Multicenter Study Group on Palliative Care. 902 56

We studied the hepatic functional reserve in the lobes of the liver in 28 patients with chronic liver disease and 13 controls using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with a radiolabeled asialoglycoprotein analog, Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl-human serum albumin (Tc-99m GSA). Counts of Tc-99m GSA radioactivity in the liver on SPECT images significantly correlated (P < .0001) with the serum albumin level (r = .612), log (serum cholinesterase activity) (r = .618), serum bilirubin level (r = .628), prothrombin time (r = .715), hepaplastin test (r = .637), and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (r = .771), making it possible to estimate the distribution of functional reserve in the liver based on counts. Using the intact hepatocyte theory, we estimated the number of viable hepatocytes based on the counts. With progression of hepatic functional degeneration, counts per unit hepatic volume decreased (rho = .779, P < .0001), and left lobe to right lobe ratio of this parameter increased (rho = .491, P = .0019) significantly. These findings suggest that the reduction of hepatic functional reserve per unit hepatic volume and numerical density of the hepatocytes, and the proliferation of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease is slower in the left lobe than in the right. We discuss a possible biological basis for these apparent lobar differences and for hepatic morphological changes seen in cirrhosis.
...
PMID:Hepatic lobar differences in progression of chronic liver disease: correlation of asialoglycoprotein scintigraphy and hepatic functional reserve. 909 83

The scintigram using 99mTechnetium-DTPA galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) which binds to asialoglycoprotein receptors on hepatocytes is a good index of hepatocyte function in various liver diseases in adult patients. In 43 patients (4 months to 30 years old) who had undergone Kasai procedure, we performed 53 series of 99mTc-GSA scintigrams and checked the laboratory data of blood draw and the clinical status. The indices for blood clearance and liver accumulation were evaluated on the basis of the dynamic data after 99mTc-GSA injection. HH15 as an index of the blood clearance, and LHL15 as an index of the accumulation of the hepatocytes were calculated and the HH15/LHL15 ratio (H/L15) was examined. 99mTc-GSA scintigram correlated with liver function and clinical status. Our results revealed that 1) The deterioration of the liver functions and clinical status correlates proportionally with H/L15, 2) The results of 99m Technetium-GSA scintigram correlate with several liver function tests, especially direct bilirubin, albumin and choline esterase, 3) This scintigram is an useful index of clinical status and hepatic function as well as the change of the hepatic parenchymal reserve in BA patients, especially for the evaluation of liver transplantation.
...
PMID:Clinical significance of 99mTc-DTPA galactosyl human serum albumin scintigram in follow-up after Kasai operation. 914 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---