Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe two brothers with early onset cerebellar ataxia associated with hypoalbuminemia (EOCAH). Choreo-athetoid movements preceded the cerebellar ataxia, and serum pseudocholinesterase elevation preceded the hypoalbuminemia. The parents are first cousins. Patient 1, the 22-year-old elder brother, developed choreoathetoid movements of the neck and extremities at the age of eighteen months. He later developed slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with decreased tendon reflexes. The choreoathetoid movements ceased at about 16 years of age. A recent examination revealed cerebellar ataxia, action myoclonus of the neck and upper limbs, diminished tendon reflexes, mild sensory disturbance in the lower extremities, and very slight amyotrophy of the feet. Patient 2, the 18-year-old younger brother, developed choreo-athetoid movements at the age of 6 years, followed by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with disminished tendon reflexes. No scoliosis, ECG abnormalities, or edema was detected. Serum biochemistry studies revealed elevated pseudocholinesterase (6,226 to 2,390 IU) in the patient's early teens. Serum albumin levels tended to be low (3.7 to 4.1 g/dl). Serum triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein levels were elevated in the patients' late teens. Genetic studies showed slight linkage of D9S15. The maximum lod score was 0.289 (recombination fraction rate was 0.14).
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PMID:[Familial early onset cerebellar ataxia with hypoalbuminemia]. 766 33

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the ability of single and combined prognostic parameters in predicting postoperative infections in cancer surgical patients. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The Younden's index (YI) was used to select threshold values of the parameters. This analysis was applied in 398 patients undergoing curative elective surgery for gastric, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer. At admission, the percentage of body weight loss, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, and serum cholinesterase activity were evaluated. In all patients, the type and rate of postoperative infection were recorded. Multiple logistic analysis showed weight loss as the most predictive variable (p = 0.02), when taken individually. Its best cutoff value was 10% (YI = 1.27, p = 0.00001, ROC area = 0.62). When serum albumin was added as the second-best variable, with a threshold of 35 g/L, the combined YI was 1.27, and the ROC area was 0.65 (p NS vs. weight loss). Total lymphocyte count dichotomized at 2200 million/L was the third variable added to weight loss and serum albumin (YI = 1.31, ROC area = 0.59). In conclusion, weight loss split at 10% appears as the only index with a moderate prognostic performance that is worth evaluating in the preoperative nutrition assessment. A nonsignificant improvement of predictive ability was obtained by the combination of serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, or serum cholinesterase activity.
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PMID:Lack of improvement of prognostic performance of weight loss when combined with other parameters. 774 43

The noninvasive determination of effective hepatic blood flow, intrahepatic shunted blood flow, intrahepatic shunt index, and total hepatic blood flow was investigated by using the sequential single photon emission computed tomography. This method was performed for a period of 10 minutes following an intravenous injection of 99mTc-(Sn)-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan and a venous blood sampling. This study comprised 8 healthy volunteers, 16 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 33 patients with liver cirrhosis. The intrahepatic shunt index measured with this method coincided with the intrahepatic shunt index determined by catheterization, indicating the high reliability of this procedure. The effective hepatic blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls and the chronic hepatitis group. The intrahepatic shunted blood flow was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with the flow in healthy controls. The intrahepatic shunt index was also significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with the index of healthy controls and those with chronic hepatitis. No substantial differences were noted in the total hepatic blood flow among the three groups. The effective hepatic blood flow, the intrahepatic shunted blood flow, and the intrahepatic shunt index, correlated with the serum albumin concentration, the serum cholinesterase level, and the plasma indocyanine green attenuation rate. From these results, it was concluded that the present procedure constitutes a reliable and effective method for the noninvasive determination of hepatic blood flows. Consequently, it will be of high clinical value for assessing the functional and the pathological alterations of the liver.
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PMID:Single photon emission computed tomography to determine effective hepatic blood flow and intrahepatic shunting. 784 6

We measured urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) plasma levels in patients with various chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also measuring these levels in healthy volunteers. Plasma u-PA levels in the group of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (mean modified Pugh score of 14 points) were markedly elevated and significantly higher than those in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis with HCC (modified Pugh score of 10 points), those with compensated liver cirrhosis with HCC, and those with compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients in all these three latter groups had moderately and significantly elevated u-PA levels compared to levels in the chronic hepatitis group and the healthy volunteers, but the levels were not significantly different from each other. There was no relationship between u-PA plasma level and the type of HCC tumor invasion or number or size of tumors. Significant correlations were found between u-PA plasma levels and the results of seven different liver function tests in three groups without associated HCC; u-PA antigen and prothrombin time (%), hepaplastin test (%), serum cholinesterase, serum albumin, serum total cholesterol, and indocyanine green clearance correlated negatively, while u-PA antigen and serum total bilirubin correlated positively. These results suggest that plasma u-PA is associated with deterioration of liver function but not with HCC invasion.
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PMID:Elevated urokinase-type plasminogen activator plasma levels are associated with deterioration of liver function but not with hepatocellular carcinoma. 787 70

1. In diverse tissues, acetylcholinesterase appears to play a critical role in the functional state of cells completely dependent of cholinergic transmission. However, very little is known about the mechanisms and actual molecular structures mediating the fundamental interactions between this protein and the cellular membrane. 2. In this study, peritoneal macrophages were used as a model system to study the possible interaction between acetylcholinesterase, acting in a non-cholinergic capacity, and the cellular membrane. 3. When acetylcholinesterase was incubated with macrophages harvested from rat peritoneum, the rate of oxygen consumption was increased in a concentration-dependent manner that was independent of mitochondrial block with sodium cyanide. Furthermore, heat inactivation of enzymatic activity or application of BW 284C51 at a concentration which totally blocks catalytic activity did not eliminate the effect. 4. In contrast, incubation with bovine serum albumin or butyrylcholinesterase actually retarded oxygen consumption. 5. The effect of acetylcholinesterase depended on the presence of divalent cations and was inhibited by mannan and D-mannose, but not D-galactose. It is concluded that acetylcholinesterase can induce a "respiratory burst" in macrophages independent of its conventional catalytic site but involving either the mannose receptor of the monocyte-derived macrophage or a possible sugar binding site on acetylcholinesterase itself.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase activation of peritoneal macrophages is independent of catalytic activity. 795 62

Acetylcholine (ACh) dilates arterioles in skeletal muscle. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are the known source of ACh in this tissue. We hypothesized that microvascular topology is related to the distribution of NMJs. To test this, the spatial relationships between NMJs, arterioles, and capillaries in the hamster cremaster muscle were investigated. Male hamsters (n = 5, 80-100 g) were anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 60 mg/kg) and the cremaster was perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and Microfil compound. Excised muscles were stained for NMJs (cholinesterase reaction) and cleared in glycerin. Grid overlays divided each cremaster evenly into proximal and distal regions and 40 numbered 3 x 3-mm study fields. Five fields/region (approximately 25% of muscle area) were chosen randomly. Point counting ("counts") on a coherent test grid (component grid dimensions at x 144 magnification: 150 x 150, 300 x 300, and 450 x 450 microns) quantified NMJs, arterioles, and capillaries, respectively. NMJ:arteriole and NMJ:capillary nearest distances were obtained and arterioles nearest NMJs were classified by branch order. Filling with FITC-BSA vs Microfil indicated that all arterioles and approximately 92% of capillaries were perfused with Microfil. Relative counts (i.e., volume fractions) for capillaries were five- to sixfold greater than those for arterioles, which were two- to fivefold greater than those for NMJs. Capillary counts were similar between muscle regions and did not correlate with NMJ counts. In the distal muscle, arteriole and NMJ counts were correlated (r = 0.55, P < 0.05) and counts for both structures were greater than those in proximal regions. NMJ:capillary distances (proximal, 11.9 +/- 0.9 microns; distal, 14.5 +/- 0.6 microns) were less (P < 0.05) than respective NMJ:arteriole distances (111.1 +/- 7.1 and 89.8 +/- 3.2 microns). Fourth- and fifth-order arterioles accounted for 69% of arterioles nearest NMJs. These findings suggest that NMJs may provide a vasoactive stimulus which varies with muscle region and with location in the microvascular network.
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PMID:Spatial relationships between neuromuscular junctions and microvessels in hamster cremaster muscle. 799 Jul 23

To determine whether the blood lidocaine level during the continuous epidural block correlates with the preoperative liver function, i.e. serum albumin level, serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and indocyanine green retention rate (ICG R15), we measured the arterial serum lidocaine level in 45 abdominal surgical patients. The epidural catheter was advanced cephalad from Th10-L2 interspace, for a distance of 4 to 5 cm. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental, and maintained with continuous epidural block plus N2O, O2 and low concentration of isoflurane inhalation. We started epidural block with 0.3 ml.kg-1 body weight of 1.5% lidocaine and added half of the initial dose every 30 minutes for 2 hours. Serum lidocaine concentration was measured every 15 minutes after the lidocaine injection into epidural space. The result revealed that the lower the serum albumin level and ChE activity were, the higher the serum lidocaine level was and, that it had no significant correlation with GPT and ICG R15. We conclude that any patient with hypoalbuminemia and low serum ChE activity might have higher blood lidocaine levels during the continuous epidural block.
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PMID:[Effect of preoperative liver function on serum lidocaine level during continuous epidural block]. 801 50

Hepatic cirrhosis is the end stage in chronic liver diseases and this condition cause the patient's death because of hepatic failure. A prognosis of patients with hepatic cirrhosis depend on the liver function, especially the function of mass of residual hepatocytes and this function expressed by level of serum albumin, cholinesterase (Ch E) or ICGR-15. This function is improved a management of nutrition because hepatocytes are regenerate by intake of protein. In compensated hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocytes are regenerate by dietary intake of 100-120 g/day of protein and the function of mass of residual hepatocytes is increased. The prognosis of these patients with compensated hepatic cirrhosis are improved by this management of nutrition.
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PMID:[The managements of nutrition for hepatic cirrhosis]. 811 93

The blood esterase that mediates the metabolism of flestolol, an ultra short-acting beta blocker, was characterized. Esterase activity occurred in plasma of human, dog, rat, and guinea pig and not in erythrocytes of the same species. The esterase activity was greatest in humans and guinea pigs followed by dogs and rats. Purified human serum cholinesterase was very active against flestolol while human serum albumin was slightly active. Human and bovine erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterases, electric eel acetylcholinesterase, human hemoglobin, dog, rat, chicken, and bovine serum albumin were all inactive. Esterase activity with flestolol was inhibited in human, dog, and rat blood by echothiophate, eserine, and sodium fluoride. Guinea pig blood esterase activity was inhibited by echothiophate and sodium fluoride, but not by eserine. Metabolic interaction studies indicated that succinylcholine, procaine, and chloroprocaine interfere with the metabolism of flestolol in human blood. Succinylcholine prolonged the in vitro half-life of flestolol in dog blood, but acetylcholine, procaine, and chloroprocaine had no effect. Flestolol did not affect the metabolism of procaine or chloroprocaine in human and dog blood. The metabolism rate of flestolol decreased in individuals with atypical, fluoride-resistant and silent forms of serum cholinesterase.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of flestolol esterase. 823 65

Plasma myeloperoxidase levels in patients with cirrhosis were compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy controls by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase. The mean concentration of plasma myeloperoxidase in cirrhotic patients (309.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 41) was markedly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (222.6 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 21) (p < 0.01) and normal controls (219.5 +/- 5.7 ng/ml, n = 50) (p < 0.01). Plasma myeloperoxidase showed good negative correlations with neutrocyte count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), thrombocyte count (r = -0.40, p < 0.01), red blood cell count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), serum albumin (r = -0.35, p < 0.01), and cholinesterase (r = -0.32, p < 0.02) and positive correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Among lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, a good positive correlation was seen between plasma myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase-2 (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (r = 0.03, p < 0.02). Plasma myeloperoxidase was significantly higher in the cirrhotic and chronic hepatitis patients with splenomegaly (341.1 +/- 19.4 ng/ml, n = 31) than in those without splenomegaly (217.4 +/- 12.2 ng/ml, n = 29) (p < 0.01). We also examined the difference between plasma levels of myeloperoxidase in the portal and peripheral blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in cirrhosis: a possible marker of hypersplenism. 824 62


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