Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two serum enzymes which originate from the liver under different circumstances were examined as potential biological indicators in serum for cadmium toxicity. The first of those is an enzyme that leaks from damaged liver cells. The second is an enzyme that is secreted by the normal functioning liver. Cadmium chloride was injected s.c. into male and female rats of the Wistar strain (8, 15 and 22 weeks old), at doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg Cd/kg body weight (in total 18 groups). Cholinesterase (CHE; EC 3.1.1.8) activity in serum was found to decrease with time after the administration of a single injection of cadmium chloride and, in all experimental groups, was significantly lower than the control values on day 2 after the injection. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2) activity in serum, however, increased only in the oldest group of males receiving the high dose levels of cadmium. A time-course experiment in which male and female rats 15 weeks of age were administered 1.5 mg Cd/kg body weight showed that the serum CHE activity started to decrease on day 1 after the injection, attained the lowest level on days 2 and 3, and then recovered almost to control levels on day 5. On the other hand, the GPT activity remained at or less than control values throughout the experimental period. The results indicate that CHE activity in serum is a sensitive biological indicator for cadmium toxicity.
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PMID:Depression of serum cholinesterase activity by cadmium. 404 26

Liver function during continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine therapy was investigated in 29 patients with homozygotic beta-thalassaemia. Average duration of treatment was 26 months (range 8-51 months). A decrease in haemosiderosis and an improvement in liver function was observed in 27 patients: Mean liver density, determined by computed tomography, decreased from 98 to 84 HU, mean serum ferritin concentration fell from 8028 to 3661 ng/ml, mean serum GOT activity from 44 to 13 U/l and GPT from 51 to 16 U/l. Mean cholinesterase activity, reflecting the improved synthetic activity of the liver, increased from 4063 to 4530 U/l.
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PMID:[Continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine treatment in thalassemia major. Decrease of hemosiderosis and improvement of liver function]. 406 38

Sixty male workers in a lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory were examined with regard to health in comparison with an external control group of 20 clerks. Case history, physical examination, neurologic status, and ECG revealed no significant differences between groups. However, the following significant differences in clinical-chemical blood tests were ascertained: higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher reticulocyte count, lower prothrombin (Quick's) test, and lower blood concentrations of creatinine and uric acid. No significant differences were observed in total red and white blood cell as well as platelet counts, hemoglobin content, the other counts of differential blood picture, gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH, cholinesterase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea. In spite of a pronounced exposure to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, no signs of severe impairment of health were observed; only small deviations in some laboratory tests were found having no pathologic significance. However, biological monitoring and health supervision of HCH-exposed workers should be carried out.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane. II. Health conditions of chronically exposed workers. 616 31

A clinical and serological study was performed on 267 of 636 volunteers vaccinated against Argentine hemorrhagic fever with the XJCl3 attenuated strain of Junin virus seven to nine years earlier, in order to determine their long-term evolution. This study included a clinical examination, a chest roentgenogram, an electrocardiogram, and the following laboratory determinations: white and red cell count, number of platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sedimentation rate (Katz index), urea, nitrogen, glucose concentration, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin. Neutralization reactions were performed to determine presistence of antibody levels. All clinical and laboratory findings were within normal limits, excluding a long-term pathology attributable to the virus. Of 165 tested sera, 153 (90.3%) had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies, and the rest had no antibodies after this time. Although these people live in the endemic area, it is considered that only the 9% that had increased antibody levels had suffered a reinfection during the seven- to nine-year period, which acted as a booster. This figure aproximately coresponds to the subclinical infection value found in the region. In the rest, the persistence of antibodies is attributed to the immunization achieved with the vaccine employed.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of A/USSR (H1N1) subunit vaccine in unprimed young adults. 627 Feb 79

It has been reported that fatty liver is not uncommon in Cushing's syndrome. Biochemical data obtained from routine blood chemistry in 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome were compared with those for 15 patients with histologically verified fatty liver. We found an absence of a decreased GOT/GPT ratio, low normal choline esterase and increased lactic dehydrogenase activities together with lowered serum protein and albumin, and increased blood sugar and total cholesterol in Cushing's syndrome when compared with those of fatty liver cases. These data and additional findings in liver histology obtained from one patient with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical carcinoma indicated that fatty changes in the liver were not frequently encountered in Cushing's syndrome. These abnormal biochemical data might be a way of distinguishing Cushing's syndrome from fatty liver.
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PMID:Abnormal blood chemistry data in Cushing's syndrome: comparison with those for fatty liver. 653 90

Recently, pulsed Doppler echocardiography has been used for the quantitative evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). However, there are some problems about the clinical significance of TR diagnosed by Doppler examination probably because of the excellent sensitivity in detecting TR. In the present study, we used liver function tests as an indicator of the visceral damage caused by TR and compared them to the severity of TR estimated by Doppler examination. Forty Doppler examinations were performed in 33 cardiac patients including seven, in which the examinations were repeated because the severity of TR changed during the clinical course. The severity of TR was classified into four grades according to the maximal extent of the regurgitant signal. Abnormal liver function was defined by the abnormalities of at least one of the following six tests: cholinesterase (CHE), gamma-GTP, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and GPT. Abnormal liver function tests were present in one of eight patients without TR, two of 10 with 1 + TR, four of seven with 2 + TR, seven of eight with 3 + TR, and six of seven with 4 + TR. The incidence of abnormal liver function tests increased parallel to the grade of TR and was very frequent in patients with 3 + or 4 + TR. TR diagnosed as greater than 3 + by Doppler examination is considered to have an important clinical significance and an indication of the intensive therapy.
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PMID:[Grading of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and liver function tests]. 653 96

Nineteen hundred sixteen agricultural workers who have been living in a rural area in central Japan were studied. Their age, blood pressure, Broca index, hemoglobin content, serum total cholesterol, and activity of serum cholinesterase and transaminase (GOT and GPT) were determined. The relation between the cholinesterase activity and certain physiochemical factors of the subjects was studied. Cholinesterase activity (ChE) is related to certain factors such as age, hemoglobin content (Hb), serum total cholesterol (TCh), transaminase activity (GPT), and Broca index (BI). A multiple regression equation exists between the cholinesterase activity and these factors: ln ChE = a (age) + b (Hb2) + c X ln GPT + d X ln TCh + e BI + f, where a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants. The estimated value of cholinesterase activity agrees with its measured activity. The partial correlation coefficients of the equation can be classified into the following three classes: (1) The partial correlation coefficients of total cholesterol and Broca index are nearly constant without distinction of sex and season. (2) The coefficient of hemoglobin content has a small seasonal and sexual difference. (3) The coefficients of age and GPT have a great seasonal and sexual difference. Using the equation, the most probable value of cholinesterase activity can be estimated. Therefore, the significant changes of its activity may be attributed to the toxic effects of insecticides or the abnormality of liver function.
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PMID:Multiple regression analysis of the cholinesterase activity with certain physiochemical factors. 669 17

Authors present some of their results from an epidemiological study on the effect of fenitrothion (Metation EK-50) on the organism of occupationally exposed workers in the production of this preparation and in female workers in the packing room during a 5-year period. The results of clinical examinations pointed to parasympathetic stimulation and disposition to hypotonia. Neurological and psychiatric findings revealed a low-grade pseudoneurasthenic syndrome in 33% of females and in 15% of males. The results of psychodiagnostic tests after the exposure to fenitrothion and its intermediate products showed partial deterioration of retention, impairment of visuomotor coordination of movements in tapping and that or orientation readiness, prolonged average time of decision-making and prolonged average reaction time for complex sensorimotor responses. From among the biochemical parameters after the exposure to fenitrothion the following ones can be mentioned: inhibition of cholinesterase in blood, increase of GPT transaminase, increase of insoenzyme LDH5 and changes in protein fractions, as statistically significant (P less than 0,001). The values of excreted p-nitro-m-cresol (NC) in urine in males after the exposure to fenitrothion were 5,61 mg/l on the average, compared with the average value of 1,54 mg NC/l before exposure. The average values of excreted NC in urine in females involved in bottling Metation were those of 4,0 mg NC or 6,58 mg NC/l of urine after exposure. The concentration of fenitrotrion in the air of the working space ranged from 0,028 to 0,118 mg X m-3. From the values of the excreted NC in urine in the exposed workers and in volunteers, to whom fenitrothion was administered in the doses of 2,5 to 20 mg, it can be judged that the organism of exposed workers received approximately 15 mg of fenitrothion per capita a day and those of exposed females 20 mg or more per capita a day.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in Metation EK-50. 681 74

Diethyl 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonate (KB-944), a new Ca-antagonist, in the dose range of 25--200 mg/kg/day, was orally administered to Jcl:SD rats for five consecutive weeks and the following results were obtained. Neither death nor inhibition of body weight gain nor any toxic symptoms of the drug were noted in rats but an increase in water intake was found in the rats treated with over 100 mg/kg/day of KB-944. In plasma there was a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, creatinine level and cholinesterase activity and an increase in GPT activity and total cholesterol level in rats given a higher dosage of the drug. Weight gain of the liver, kidneys, heart, adrenals and ovaries, and degeneration in the epithelium of the renal proximal tubule were observed. However, none of these changes were serious and the maximum non-toxic dose of KB-944 was 25 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:1-month subacute oral toxicity study of KB-944, a new calcium antagonist, in rats. 689 Aug 29

Using the both methods. RaBA-Super System (Rapid Blood Analyzer System), the clinical values for chemical constituents of blood in Shiba goats bred in Stock Farm, University of Tokyo, were determined on the following items: total protein, albumin, TTT, glucose, BUN, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, CPK, cholinesterase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) All items determined were to be analyzed by means of the RaBA-Super System, although the values for total cholesterol, TTT, ALP and CPK varied considerably with individuals. 2) The values of adult female goats were significantly higher than those of young ones in total protein and albumin, and lower in glucose, cholinesterase, ALP and CPK. 3) The values of GPT and BUN of adult female goats in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and autumn. 4) The values for triglyceride and albumin of adult female goats using the RaBA-Super System were inconsistent with those analyzed simultaneously by the manual method, but a significant linear correlation was recognized between the both methods.
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PMID:[The clinical values fro chemical constituents of blood in normal miniature Shiba goats (author's transl)]. 720 32


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