Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Phasic contractile responses of the intact rat urinary bladder to the muscarinic agonists carbachol and pilocarpine became nearly blocked as the concentrations were progressively increased to 200-500 microM. In contrast, tonic contractile responses remained elevated throughout progressive increases in agonist concentration. 2. Nerve-induced phasic contractions to 1 Hz stimuli were potentiated throughout progressive increases in the concentration of muscarinic agonists. However, these responses were more atropine sensitive than untreated controls and responses to 1 Hz stimuli were nearly abolished. 3. After inhibition of cholinesterase, the action of cholinergic transmitter released during prolonged nerve stimulation may extend to the tonic contractile state of the bladder and potentiate responses to 1H stimuli. Nerve-induced responses were more atropine sensitive than untreated controls. 4. Bladder tone was increased and nerve-induced contractions to 1-Hz stimuli were also potentiated in an elevated K+ environment. However, atropine sensitivity of nerve-induced responses w s reduced. 5. Nerve-induced bladder contractions were linked to the tonic contractile state of the bladder muscle, controlled physiologically by muscarinic receptors. Since phasic contractile responses to muscarinic agonists were abolished at high concentrations by receptor desensitization, nerve-induced responses must be elicited under these conditions by a non-cholinergic transmitter.
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PMID:Atropine-resistant transmission in partially depolarized rat urinary bladder. 216 51

Two groups of patients who developed denervation of the bladder after excision of the rectum for carcinoma have been studied by histological examination of bladder biopsies. The groups were compared with a group of control patients of a similar age. One group with denervation of the bladder was studied soon after (7 weeks) and the other group in the long term (10 months) after operation. Bladder biopsies were stained for acetylcholinesterase, catecholamines and connective tissue. Tissue was also processed for electron microscopy. In control patients, the ratio of cholinesterase positive nerves to the number of smooth muscle nuclei (24:100) was significantly greater than in patients with denervation of the bladder studied soon after operation (2.5: 100; P less than 0.01). Appearances consistent with degenerate nerve terminals were observed on electron microscopy in these patients. No increase in the density of adrenergic nerves was observed in either group of patients with denervation of the bladder. In the long term, a greater density of cholinergic innervation was noted compared with patients studied soon after operation (P less than 0.05). In addition, nerve terminals, similar in appearance to those of control patients, were observed on electron microscopy. The findings in patients with denervation of the bladder studied in the long term after operation are consistent with partial regeneration of autonomic nerves. They suggest that, whilst histological examination of bladder biopsies may be useful soon after excision of the rectum, they may be less sensitive in the long term.
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PMID:Histological appearances of the nerves of the bladder in patients with denervation of the bladder after excision of the rectum. 715 Sep 19

Underactive bladder (UAB) or detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common yet still poorly understood urological problem. In addition to true detrusor failure and neuropathy, the inhibitory effects of detrusor contraction by the striated urethral sphincter and the bladder neck through alpha-adrenergic activity may also play a role in the development of UAB or DU. Treatment of UAB or DU aims to reduce the postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume and increase voiding efficiency, either by spontaneous voiding or abdominal straining. Pharmacotherapy with parasympathomimetics or cholinesterase inhibitors might be tried, and benefits can be achieved in combination with alpha-blockers. Bladder outlet surgeries, including urethral onabotulinumtoxinA injection, transurethral incision of the bladder neck, and transurethral incision or resection of the prostate can effectively improve voiding efficiency and decrease the PVR in most patients with DU. The mechanisms have not been well elucidated. It is likely that ablation of the bladder neck or prostatic urethra might not only decrease bladder outlet resistance but also abolish the sympathetic hyperactivity which inhibits detrusor contractility in patients with idiopathic UAB or DU.
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PMID:Current pharmacological and surgical treatment of underactive bladder. 2929 45