Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Female albino rats were treated with a total of 28 mg of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) for 28 days. In the adrenal cortex, the ovary, the vagina, and the uterus the activities of 3-beta-ol-steroiddehydrogenase, of dl-beta-OH-butric acid dehydrogenase, of alcaline and acid phosphatases, of DPN-diaphorase, of ATP-ase, and of non-specific esterases do not differ from untreated controls. 2. In the external muscle layer of the myometrium strong cholinesterase (ChE) activity was induced by C.M.A. A corresponding high ChE activity is normally found in immature rats or in estrus. 3. Furthermore, by treatment with CMA, ChE activity was induced in the tubular glands of the endometrium. This activity is found in the small parts of glomerate glandular terminals only but not in the rest of the glandular epithelium, nor in the epithelium of the cavum. It could be demonstrated that a corresponding ChE activity normally appears in the second third of pregnancy. The ChE activity induced by CMA was considerably higher and more widespread than during normal pregnancy. 4. It is concluded that in the endometrial glands a development similar to pregnancy is initiated by CMA. But development stops at the stage of ChE activity, thus leading to accumulation of ChE active cells.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies on the rat adrenal cortex, ovary, uterus and vagina following chlormadinone acetate administration, especially cholinesterase activity in myometrium and endometrium]. 5 Feb 31

Nonspecific esterase (NSE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (ChE) have been localized by histochemical methods in various tissues of a cestode, Raillietina (Raillietina) johri obtained from the intestine of pigeon. NSE has been found in the rostellum, suckers, hooks, tegument, subtegumental muscle, excretory canal, cirrus sac, vagina and eggs. Two types of cells have been recognized on the scolex surface--some are NSE positive and others are NSE negative. AChE, besides being localized in nerves, has also been visualized in almost all the structures as in case of NSE except in hooks, excretory canal and eggs. Additionally AChE has been observed in the vas deferens and sperm ductules. ChE has been observed only in nerves, vas deferens, cirrus sac and vagina; the intensity of enzyme activity being low when compared with AChE. Possible involvement of these enzymes in the physiology of the parasite has been discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on Raillietina (Raillietina) johri (Cestoda: Davaineidae). III. Esterases. 719 57

The central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems of the cyclophyllidean tapeworm, Moniezia expansa, were examined for the presence of cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic elements using enzyme cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques in conjunction with light and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Cholinesterase activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine- and regulatory peptide-immunoreactivities (IRs) were localized to the nerve fibres and cell bodies of all of the major neuronal components in the CNS of the worm, including the cerebral ganglia and connecting commissure, the 10 longitudinal nerve cords and associated transverse ring commissures. Although each of the 3 systems appeared well developed and comprised a significant portion of the nervous system, the serotoninergic constituent was the most highly developed, consisting of a vast array of nerve fibres and cell bodies distributed throughout the strobila of the worm. A close association of cholinesterase reactivity and peptide-IRs was evident throughout the CNS, indicating the possible co-localization of acetylcholine and neuropeptides. Within the PNS, cholinergic activity and serotoninergic- and peptidergic-IRs occurred in the subtegumental network of nerve fibres and somatic musculature. Although all 3 neurochemical elements were present in the acetabula, they were found in different nerve fibres; only cholinergic and peptidergic cell bodies were found. The common genital opening, vagina and ootype regions of the reproductive system displayed a rich innervation of all 3 types of neuronal populations. Within the peptidergic system, immunostaining with antisera raised to the C-terminus of the neuropeptide Y superfamily of peptides and the invertebrate peptides, neuropeptide F (M. expansa) and FMRFamide was the most prevalent. Limited positive-IR for substance P and neurokinin A were also recorded in the CNS of the worm.
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PMID:The cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic components of the nervous system of Moniezia expansa (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea). 831 39

Ascaris suum possesses a well-developed nervous system which is regulated by a number of classical neurotransmitters including acetylcholine (ACh), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and serotonin. The vagina vera, the distal part of the ovijector, displays intrinsic, rhythmic activity which has been shown to be modulated by FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in vitro. Confocal scanning laser microscopy coupled with immunocytochemistry, and histochemical studies, revealed that the nerve plexus of the ovijector contains GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation. Although no distinctive cholinergic or serotoninergic innervation was apparent, cholinesterase activity was localized to discrete areas of the musculature of the vagina vera. The effects of classical transmitters on the activity of the vagina vera in vitro were examined. ACh was excitatory, stimulating a brief but powerful contraction of the vagina vera with a threshold for activity of 1 microM. Both GABA and glutamate were inhibitory, causing a cessation of contractile activity at high concentrations (> 10 microM). Although less potent than glutamate, GABA had more profound effects and induced longer-lasting paralysis of the tissue. The threshold concentrations for activity were 5 microM for glutamate and 10 microM for GABA. Serotonin had no consistent effect on the vagina vera. This study demonstrates that classical transmitters modulate the activity of the ovijector of A. suum.
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PMID:Classical neurotransmitters in the ovijector of Ascaris suum: localization and modulation of muscle activity. 1108 52