Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Children undergoing ABMT, a procedure which entails massive doses of chemotherapy along with total-body irradiation, are candidate to develop severe gastrointestinal toxicity and prolonged anorexia requiring administration of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) for variable periods. We report a series of 35 consecutive children affected by malignancies who underwent 37 courses of PN after ablative therapy followed by ABMT. Age ranged from 8 months to 17 years; 16 were females, 19 males. There were 23 cases of neuroblastoma, 5 of Wilms' tumor, 3 of acute myelogenous leukemia, 2 of Ewing's sarcoma, 1 case each of rhabdomyosarcoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All patients developed severe neutropenia for 9-42 days (median 18 d). Fever occurred in all patients; sepsis was documented in 10. Duration of PN ranged from 10 to 64 days (23 +/- 9; mean +/- SD). PN solution, containing crystalline L-Aminoacids (8.5%) mixed with 33% glucose, minerals, trace elements and vitamins provided for children a caloric intake of 49.8 +/- 17.3 Kcal/Kg/day with a nitrogen intake of 0.26 +/- 0.27 g/Kg/day. Nutritional assessment, utilizing percent ideal body weight, serum protein electrophoresis, C3, pseudocholinesterase and fibrinogen, was performed at the beginning and at the completion of each course of PN. Mean percent ideal body weight was 95.8 before PN, 98.5 on last day of PN (p less than 0.0005). Other parameters did not change significantly. No metabolic complication nor severe electrolyte imbalance were observed except for 5 patients who developed hypokalemia in coincidence with administration of Amphotericin B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children. Use of parenteral nutrition]. 311 38

The appearance and distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in 12 human thyroid cancers and three normal thyroids were examined by electron microscopic study with indirect thiocholine method. The demonstration of AChE and BuChE activities in only two of nine cases of follicular and papillary carcinoma examined and none of the three cases of medullary carcinoma shows that the cholinesterases are not specific enzymes for the thyroid tumors. In normal thyroid tissue samples examined, no activities of AChE and BuChE were detected. On ultrastructural level AChE reaction product was revealed in the perinuclear space, in the endoplasmic reticulum, and in the Golgi complex of some but not in all cells in less-differentiated regions of the tumors. In contrast to the distribution of AChE, no staining for BuChE was noted in the Golgi elements. Ultrastructural localization of AChE activity in the thyroid cancer cells corresponds exactly to the current understanding of glycoproteins synthesis and processing in normal cells. The authors postulate that the copy of AChE gene suppressed in normal thyroid epithelium cells may be expressed in some follicular thyroid carcinoma cells. Their hypothesis is logical on the basis of recent finding of a significant homology between AChE and thyroglobulin.
Cancer 1988 Feb 01
PMID:Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in human thyroid cancer cells. 333 19

Cholinesterases were characterized in the serum of 77 treated and 11 untreated patients having primary carcinomas of various tissue origins and 21 healthy volunteers which served as controls. In most of the samples, pseudocholinesterase (BuChE) accounted for almost all cholinesterase (ChE) activity and was inhibited by the organophosphorous poison tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA). In samples from the tumor-bearing patients, ChE degraded 733 +/- 59 nmole acetylcholine/h/mg protein, lower than the 960 +/- 175 nmole/hour/mg levels measured in controls. Tumor serum ChE exhibited elevated sensitivity to 1,5-bis-(4-allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW), the selective bisquaternary inhibitor of "true" acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with no correlation to age, sex, staging of tumor, presence of metastases or the specific treatment protocol, and with a different distribution pattern from the decrease in ChE specific activity or the sensitivity to iso-OMPA. In sucrose gradients, ChE sedimented as 12S in controls whereas in tumor serum samples from treated patients an additional component of 6 to 7 S, inhibited by both iso-OMPA and BW, also was detected. However, the ChE activity in serum of patients with diagnosed carcinomas before surgery and medical treatment appeared to be nondistinguishable from controls. These findings suggest that the modified properties of serum cholinesterases in carcinoma patients are not the result of the tumor itself, but that the common therapy protocols used in the treatment of primary carcinomas may cause the appearance of soluble ChE activity with properties of both AChE and BuChE, which accumulates in the serum.
Cancer 1988 Feb 15
PMID:Modified properties of serum cholinesterases in primary carcinomas. 333 35

Serum pseudocholinesterase (PSC) levels may be depressed in persons with malignancy. Deficiency of this enzyme can lead to prolonged apnea in patients who receive succinylcholine. An animal model was developed to study this phenomenon in a controlled setting. C3H/HeJ mice inoculated subcutaneously with C3H mammary adenocarcinoma demonstrated lowering of their PSC levels. This decrease was attenuated by chemotherapy with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide which also prolonged survival. Non-tumor bearing control animals identically treated with cyclophosphamide experienced a transient drop in PSC on the 29th day which reverted to control values by the 36th day. No gradient of PSC could be demonstrated across a tumor's vascular bed. The effect of other chemotherapy agents on PSC is unknown. A possible role for PSC as a non-specific marker for malignancy is worthy of further study.
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PMID:Serum pseudocholinesterase levels in murine C3H mammary adenocarcinoma. 335 76

This study was undertaken to examine the influence of hospitalization on the nutritional status of cancer patients. We examined 126 patients consecutively admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. At admission, all patients underwent standard evaluations, including actual weight, percentage weight loss, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, serum proteins, serum albumin, total iron binding capacity, cholinesterase and peripheral lymphocytes. Finally, from all patients a 24-h dietary recall was obtained, in order to calculate calorie and protein intake. All the patients underwent another evaluation after 1 week of hospitalization; after 2 weeks only 37 of them were evaluated again, since some were operated, some were treated with radio-chemotherapy, some were discharged or had died. Results showed that after one week of hospitalization some variables were significantly altered, such as arm circumference in male patients, serum proteins, cholinesterase, total iron binding capacity, peripheral lymphocytes, calorie and protein intake. A significant weight loss was seen after 2 weeks. The reduced calorie and protein assumption was correlated with depletion of some of the nutritional variables (body weight, arm circumference in males, total iron binding capacity, serum albumin, cholinesterase, lymphocytes). Our data show that hospitalization plays an important role in deterioration of nutritional status in our patient population, and this problem is generally overlooked by the clinicians primarily involved in the care of cancer patients.
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PMID:Impact of hospitalization on the nutritional status of cancer patients. 366 Apr 76

A study was undertaken to identify the nutritional parameters associated with a high risk of postoperative sepsis. The nutritional status of 162 cancer patients subjected to clean or clean-contaminated elective surgery was preoperatively evaluated according to the following parameters: percentage weight loss, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, total serum protein, serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, cholinesterase, peripheral lymphocytes, complement C3-C4 components, and skin tests. Patients were followed postoperatively according to a precise protocol to classify them as infected or noninfected. Postoperative sepsis was present in 40 patients who had significantly different mean values for four nutritional parameters from those of 114 patients with no complications, ie, total serum protein, 6.60 vs 6.99 g/dl, p = 0.008; serum albumin, 3.39 vs 3.66 g/dl, p = 0.001; total iron-binding capacity 301.32 vs 337.17 mmg/dl, p = 0.006; and cholinesterase, 2389.77 vs 2770.10 mU/ml, p = 0.005. Moreover, the relative risk and the attributable risk for these variables were evaluated and the significance was tested by the chi 2 test. By using multiple logistic analysis it appeared that only total serum protein and total iron-binding capacity gave an independent contribution to the risk of postoperative sepsis, while serum albumin disappeared and cholinesterase became non significant when the contribution of the first two variables was accounted for. It was also possible to identify, in a small number of patients, combinations of two variables that were associated with a very high risk of postoperative sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:"Nutritional" markers as prognostic indicators of postoperative sepsis in cancer patients. 392 22

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. This study analyzes the frequency of malnutrition in surgical patients with solid and operable tumors, the relation to the type of tumor and stage of the disease. In addition, the clinical value of the measurements carried out is discussed. The analysis was performed in 100 cancer patients (34 gastric cancer, 56 colorectal cancer, and 10 breast cancer). The nutritional assessment included individual dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The results were compared with international standards or normal plasma concentrations respectively. Most patients suffered from an alternation of the nutritional parameters indicating malnutrition, mostly Kwashiorkor-Marasmus Mix. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer showed more often a decline of the nutritional status than patients with breast cancer. Malnutrition became more severe with advanced disease. The parameters examined revealed varying significance with respect to the assessment of the nutritional status. Some measurements showed little clinical importance; the reasons are discussed.
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PMID:[Significance of the nutritional status of surgical patients]. 393 Sep 1

Serum levels of various hydrolytic enzymes in prostatic cancer patients with or without bone metastasis were compared with those in patients with prostatic hypertrophy and in the control subjects. The enzymes tested included 11 aminopeptidases, 2 endopeptidases, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, esterase, acetyl cholinesterase, and RNase. Although most of the enzymatic levels tended to be decreased in the cancer patients without bone metastasis, they tended to be increased in those with metastasis as well as in the patients with prostatic hypertrophy. Thus, bone metastasis is an important factor affecting the serum levels of hydrolytic enzymes in cancer patients. Of the enzymes tested, RNase was unique in that its serum levels were significantly increased regardless of the existence of bone metastasis. This enzyme may become a marker of malignancy.
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PMID:Different tendencies of changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities in sera from prostatic cancer patients with or without bone metastasis. 608 28

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10

This study analyzed the nutritional status of cancer patients in relation to type and site of origin of the tumor, stage of disease, and previous chemical or radiation therapy. The analysis was performed on 321 patients (280 with cancer and 41 controls). The nutritional parameters included per cent of weight loss, anthropometric indices (arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference), creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and cholinesterase, C3 and C4 components of complement, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters.
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PMID:Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients. 709 67


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