Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Organophosphate-based pesticides have been associated with pathology and chromosomal damage in humans. There are also epidemiologic links with cancer. The few screening tests for low-level occupational exposure are of doubtful sensitivity; this investigation evaluated four methods. Blood samples were studied from 10 farmers before and after occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides and five unexposed controls. The standard cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). However, a significant increase in Howell-Jolly bodies within erythrocytes was observed (P=0.001). Cytogenetic studies on routine and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (P=0.004 and P=0.0006, respectively). We concluded that Howell-Jolly body and fragile site analysis were sensitive indicators of nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphate. Such nuclear damage could be implicated in carcinogenesis. The development of bladder cancer is one such example.
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PMID:Organophosphate-based pesticides and genetic damage implicated in bladder cancer. 1194 36

The objective of the present study was to explore the association between muscarinic cholinergic signaling and urothelial bladder tumors. Possible associations among overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and bladder tumors were retrospectively investigated using a multicenter Chinese database with prospectively collected data since 2010. Firstly, it was demonstrated that OAB symptoms, such as urgency, were more severe in patients with invasive bladder cancer and were associated with a reduced prognosis. Following this, muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3 (M3R) expression in urothelium was determined to be lower in invasive cancer tissue than in adjacent non-cancerous tissue, yet M3R upregulation was associated with a reduced progression free survival (PFS) time. Additionally, it was also demonstrated that muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 (M2R) was upregulated in the sub-urothelium, and this was also associated with a reduced PFS time. Furthermore, it was determined that cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase were lower in invasive cancer than in non-invasive cancer. In conclusion, the results indicated that M3R expression was downregulated in invasive bladder cancer, which may have a role as a protective anti-oncogene, in contrast to its oncogenic role in numerous other cancer types. Therefore, muscarinic cholinergic signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for treating bladder cancer.
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PMID:Muscarinic cholinergic signaling and overactive bladder-like symptoms associated with invasive bladder cancer. 2996 45