Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We here describe the optimization of an immunochemical measuring method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) found in different human body fluids. The principle is the binding of a polyclonal antibody to a solid support (microtitre plate), followed by quantitation of the enzymatic active antigen, by its own enzymatic activity. The test is mainly thought as a diagnostic tool for the prenatal detection of neural tube defects (NTD). The assay is optimized with respect to antibodies and a number of physical parameters. The test is accurate and reliable, and it yields quantitative results. Further we show it to give neither false positive nor false negative values in the prediction of NTD. The assay also performs well on other sample-materials. We suggest that the test will be routinely used alongside amniotic alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) determinations to ensure the correct prenatal diagnosis of NTD.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of acetylcholinesterase by enzyme antigen immunoassay: methodological aspects and clinical use. 639 28

The authors report on 18 cases of anencephalus, studied from April, 1976 to December, 1982. Possible etiologies, morphological characteristics, circumstances leading to its discovery, and diagnostic tools are presented. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of ultrasonography to diagnose this condition as early as the 13th to 14th week of gestation. Evacuation of the uterus is always difficult as it involves a second trimester abortion, but is one of the best indications for the use of prostaglandins. In a woman with a previous history of an anencephalic child, careful monitoring of subsequent pregnancies is necessary as the recurrence rate is approximately 4 p. 100 (13 p. 100 in the case of a second anencephalic child). Dosing of alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid and repeated sonograms are indispensable.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in anencephaly]. 639 96

After retrospective evaluation with stored samples, the qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test has been used prospectively in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay on 986 amniotic fluid specimens received in this laboratory during 1980. The main value of AChE is in classifying fluids in which the AFP level is near the threshold between normal and abnormal. Among abnormal pregnancies with raised AFP levels, neural-tube defects can generally be distinguished from other abnormalities by careful appraisal of the AChE gel pattern, but confirmation of these other fetal abnormalities may require high resolution diagnostic ultrasonography and perhaps fetoscopy. Neural-tube defects with false negative AFP levels can be detected by AChE, but AChE gives occasional false positives so that it cannot be relied on in isolation for the diagnosis of neural-tube defects.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase: a retrospective and prospective study of the qualitative method. 706 42

Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis has become available as a test for the prenatal diagnosis of open neural tube defects. The results of acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis on 125 amniotic fluid samples, including 18 from fetuses with open neural tube defects, are presented. These results indicate that this test, in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein measurement, is of considerable practical value.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. 711 22

The qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test has been used in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay on 255 amniotic fluid samples: 191 from normal pregnancies, 44 from abnormal pregnancies (foetal anomalies or intrauterine death). In all cases of normal amniotic fluid obtained before 25 weeks, gel revealed a single major band of non specific cholinesterase, even in fluids contaminated by maternal of foetal blood, whereas 5 fluids contaminated by foetal blood were false positive on AFP. In 8 normal specimens with clear aspect, obtained after 25 weeks, gel revealed a second (AChE) faint band, inhibited by BW 284 C 51. That result shows the risk of false-positive for samples obtained in late pregnancy. All 20 cases of neural tube defect gave a characteristic AChE band: large and intense band. In 9 cases of abdominal wall defect, 3 presented an AChE faint band, just as 2 cases of atresia and 2 cases of hydronephrosis. Negative AChE results were found un 1 case of congenital nephrosis, 3 cases of hydrocephaly and 1 case of teratoma. The main value of qualitative AChE test seems today in diagnosing neural tube defects with a greater sensibility and in classifying bloody fluids in which the AFP is at or above the cut-off level.
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PMID:[Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase and prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. II. Qualitative test]. 713 Sep 61

The article reports on the ultrasonographic diagnosis of a Meckel-Gruber's syndrome in the 17th week of pregnancy. This malformation syndrome is characterized by the triad: encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly. This congenital disease is compared with malformation syndromes which are distinguishable by differential diagnosis, such as Potter's renofacial syndrome. Thorough ultrasonic examination will be able to detect the severe renal changes as well as the neural tube defects associated with Meckel-Gruber's syndrome. Further diagnostic aids for detecting neural tube defects are, in the first place, the alpha-fetoprotein values obtained from the serum of the mother and/or the amniotic fluid, as well as the determination of acetyl cholinesterase.
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PMID:[Prenatal diagnosis of Meckel-Gruber's syndrome by ultrasound (author's transl(]. 719 20

In 110 amniotic fluids the specific acetylcholinesterase was determined quantitatively and qualitatively. In the quantitative assay there were a considerable number of false positives and false negatives, although the mean value of the normal controls differed significantly from that of neural tube defect pregnancies. By the electrophoretic separation of acetylcholinesterase, however, all fluid samples with borderline alpha-fetoprotein levels or fetal blood contamination could be correctly classified. With the exception of one skin-covered spina bifida all neural tube defects in the second trimester could be identified by this method. The second fast-moving band characteristic of the specific acetylcholinesterase was also present in abdominal wall defects and intrauterine death.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative assay of amniotic-fluid acetylcholinesterase in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. 732 86

Raised specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in amniotic fluid was consistently found to be associated with fetal intrauterine death and neural tube defects, but in just under half of the samples from pregnancies with spina bifida, the increase was marginal. Elevated AChE levels were occasionally found in fluid samples contaminated by maternal blood, and in nearly half of the samples which were a brown or yellow-brown colour but where there was a normal fetus. Nine fluids, five of which were contaminated with fetal blood, had a false positive result on alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay (elevated AFP levels and a normal fetus), but showed normal AChE activities. It is suggested that AChE estimation might be useful in prenatal diagnosis as a second test for those fluids which have an elevated AFP level.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase and prenatal diagnosis. 739 83

We report on the prenatal diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa letalis with pyloric atresia in a pregnancy not known to be at risk for this condition. Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels led to ultrasonography which demonstrated gastric dilatation, consistent with pyloric atresia, and echogenic particles in the amniotic fluid, the "snowflake sign," previously described in two pregnancies of fetuses with disorders of skin sloughing. Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein was markedly elevated and the acetylcholinesterase was positive. The diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa letalis with pyloric atresia was confirmed after delivery by electron microscopy of fetal skin which showed typical changes of hypoplastic absent hemidesmosomes and separation along the dermal-epidermal junction. None of these abnormal prenatal findings are consistently present in pregnancies with epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. Thus, although useful when abnormal, when the test results are normal, the need for confirmatory fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy remains.
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PMID:Prenatal detection of epidermolysis bullosa letalis with pyloric atresia in a fetus by abnormal ultrasound and elevated alpha-fetoprotein. 751 Sep 31

Aplasia cutis congenita affecting the elbows, knees, hips, and gluteal area was observed in a female newborn, product of a twin pregnancy. One of the twins was a fetus papyraceous detected at 15 weeks of pregnancy. During the course of the pregnancy, maternal thrombocytosis was diagnosed and treated with aspirin. alpha-Fetoprotein was elevated in maternal serum and amniotic fluid, and a distinct electrophoretic acetylcholinesterase band was seen in amniotic fluid. These findings are in agreement with the classification of aplasia cutis congenita as proposed by Frieden et al in which type V is related to the presence of a fetus papyraceous or placental infarcts. The findings in the present case may be explained by the effect of the dead twin on the surviving fetus and the extensive denuded skin areas. Long-term follow-up of the infant showed that the lesions were cured, most of them with minimal scars. Increased risk for aplasia cutis congenita should be considered when elevated maternal and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein and a distinct electrophoretic band of acetylcholinesterase are found. Especially when one of the twins is dead.
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PMID:Aplasia cutis congenita, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and a distinct amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoretic band. 751 37


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