Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whole blood, plasma, or serum levels of various components were measured in fasting, drug-free control subjects and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Compared to normal controls, chronic schizophrenic patients showed increased alpha2-globulins and decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and ceruloplasmin activity, and acute schizophrenic patients showed decreased alpha2-globulins. Compared to chronic patients, acute schizophrenics showed decreased alpha2-globulins and IgA. Compared to normal controls of similar age, chronic schizophrenic patients weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller body surface area. The acute schizophrenic patients were significantly younger than the normal subjects or chronic schizophrenics but there was no difference in the other physical measurements. The present study indicates no gross disturbances in the blood variables studied. That some differences are statistically significant from controls is of scientific interest, but of no clinical value in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. 4 63

In 4 patients with clinical signs of dermatomyositis, confirmed by electromyography and muscle biopsy, a form of muscle fatigue was detected which was expressed clinically by predominantly proximal motor deficit, with phonation and deglutition disturbances, slightly influenced by prostigmine. In all patients, stimulation of the ulnar nerve at 3--10 Hz induced a decrement of muscle-evoked potentials in abductor digiti minimi and at 15--50 Hz an increment at the end of the trains (1.2 sec in duration) of repetitive stimulation (preceded in two cases by a decrement in the response to the fifth stimulus in the train). Stimulation at 30 Hz for 10 sec resulted in a transient facilitation, followed (at 3 Hz stimulation) by postactivation exhaustion which disappeared after 5--15 min. The post-tetanic facilitation, the incremental response and the myasthenic symptoms reverted to normal under treatment with corticosteroids, an immunosuppressor agent and guanidine hydrochloride. A mixed, pre- and postsynaptic mechanism is presumed to underlie the muscle fatigue in our patients. Electron microscopy of muscle biopsies disclosed zones of necrosis and, in incipient stages, large agglomerations of glycogen that had disorganized the structure of myofibrils. The end-plates in the biopsies were larger than normal and the cholinesterase reaction was hyperactive. Serum immunoelectrophoretic and electrophoretic data--increase of IgG and IgM, decrease of IgA and hypergammaglobulinaemia -- point to a possible autoimmune mechanism of the neuromuscular disorders in our patients.
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PMID:Myasthenia in patients with dermatomyositis: clinical, electrophysiological and ultrastructural studies. 21 37

In 104 patients with acute virus hepatitis, chronic hepatitides, cirrhoses, fatty livers and biliary diseases with partial and complete obstructive jaundice, respectively, IgG, IgA, IgD, beta1A- and beta1E-globulin, cholinesterase, total protein, and albumin, in 45 of these patients additionally prealbumin, retinol binding protein, thymol turbidity test were determined as well as an electrophoretic separation of the serum was performed. 11 persons with healthy liver served as control group. According to the results of univariate and multivariate variance analyses with following test of redundance (test for indispensability) and analysis of discriminance with calculations of reclassification IgD, beta1E-globulin and retinol binding protein were identified as not evident or redundant. Electrophoresis and thymol turbidity test give sufficient basis informations and can further be recommended for orienting examinations. Immune globulinogrammes from IgB, IgA and IgM are suitable as so-called mesenchyma tests particularly for controls of the course. Prealbumin and cholinesterase prove to be the most sensitive parameter of synthesis, whereas albumin and beta1A-globulin possess a high prognostic evidence.
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PMID:[Discriminatory function of serum proteins in liver and biliary tract diseases]. 91 May 27

Limited proteolysis by venoms was analysed by the cleaved peptide band(s) in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The venom from Crotalus atrox degraded interferon, interleukin-2, IgG, IgM, and a crude form of acetyl cholinesterase but had no effect on IgA. Although the venom from Androctonus australis did not exert appreciable proteolysis on any of the immunoglobulins it had potent proteolytic activities against interferon and interleukin-2. The venom from Vespula maculifrons had only a minor proteolytic effect on interferon. The proteolysis by venoms was not effectively inhibited by alpha 1-antitrypsin or a2-macroglobulin. Moreover, no appreciable proteolytic activity was detected in the venoms from Bufo arenarum, Apis mellifera and Heloderma suspectrum.
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PMID:Proteolysis of interleukin-2, interferon and immunoglobulin by venoms. 172 47

A case of Takatsuki disease, 57-year-old male associated with monoclonal IgA, lambda-type immunoglobulin was treated with recombinant alpha-interferon daily by intramuscular injection with an initial dose of 3 X 10(6) U/day. Four weeks later, gynecomastia was improved and breast pain disappeared. Increases of cholesterol from 84 mg/dl to 135 mg/dl and cholinesterase from 0.24 delta pH to 0.48 delta pH were observed, 8 weeks later. Though, there was no reduction in serum M protein, no decrease in the number of bone marrow tumor cell and no restoration of muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. No predominant side effect was observed. We conclude that rIFN alpha has a some potential role in the treatment of Takatsuki disease and additional chemotherapy should be considered. Significance of the therapy against Takatsuki disease was discussed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effect of recombinant interferon alpha on Takatsuki disease]. 235 63

Malotilate, a sulphur-containing compound with antifibrotic and hepatoprotective properties in several animal models, has been investigated in cirrhotic patients. Nine patients with cirrhosis of various aetiologies and severity, and 4 healthy volunteers, participated in a pharmacokinetic study. After a single dose of 500 mg malotilate p.o. peak malotilate plasma concentration measured by GC-MS was 35 times higher in patients (median 0.70 micrograms/ml) than in controls (median 0.019 micrograms/ml). The median apparent oral clearance was approximately 50 times lower in cirrhotics (median 2.21/min) than in healthy volunteers (1181/min). The apparent oral clearance was significantly correlated with indicators of portal-systemic shunting, such as the 2-h postprandial serum bile acids and the bioavailability of oral nitroglycerine. Urinary output of the glucuronidated metabolite-(M3), measured by HPLC, was normal in patients, whereas recovery of metabolite-M6 (resulting from ring opening and loss of sulphur) was reduced. Six patients in an open 6-month trial received malotilate 200 mg t.i.d. for 2 months and 400 mg t.i.d. for 4 months. The thrombocyte count increased and serum ferritin level fell in all patients, and serum cholinesterase rose and IgA decreased in 5 of 6. The other indicators of liver function did not show a significant change. Dry skin was the only possible adverse effect. It is concluded that first-pass elimination of malotilate is dramatically reduced in cirrhotics, and that a smaller amount of the drug reaches the liver in such patients. Malotilate was well tolerated, even in patients with advanced disease.
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PMID:Treatment of liver disease with malotilate. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phase II study in cirrhosis. 374 16

Repeated extensive medical examinations were carried out in 11 workers spraying organophosphate (OP), carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides in greenhouses during the whole year and in 10 control persons. On a questionnaire their social, health and family status and their working conditions were recorded. Before and after a regular spraying period with pyrethroids for 3 months the following tests were carried out: urinalysis, haematology, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM levels, whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, chromosome analysis and electrocardiography (ECG). Atmospheric concentrations of pyrethroids as well as their concentration in the blood and urine of pesticide workers were determined by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). No abnormalities related to the work were found in the tests.
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PMID:Biological monitoring and health surveillance of a group of greenhouse pesticide sprayers. 377 25

Liver biopsies of a 58-year-old clinically healthy patient with a hepatomegaly and intracisternal PAS-negative globular hyaline bodies were immunofluorescent-optically examined for the content of the complement components C 1 q, C 4, C 9, C 1-inactivator, C 3-activator. Further examinations were performed for fibrinogen, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, L-chain (type chi and lambda), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-fetoprotein, alpha 1- and alpha 2-glycoprotein, cholinesterase, ceruloplasmin, myoglobin, hemopexin, HBsAg and HBsAg. Th inclusion bodies reacted with antisera against the complement components C 4, C 3 and C 3-activator, as also identified by double immunofluorescence. Probably this is a disturbance of the protein metabolism of the liver cell with abnormal complement storage in the presence of normal total complement and normal complement components in the serum.
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PMID:Storage of the complement components C4, C3, and C 3-activator in the human liver as PAS-negative globular hyaline bodies. 628 41

In the present study we analysed by ELISA the ability of sera from 50 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 20 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 53 with Graves' disease (GD) and 36 healthy controls (CR) to react with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus and human thyroglobulin (Tg). Significantly increased anti-AChE activity was exhibited by a high proportion of MG (IgG 36%) and GD (IgG 21%) sera, while increased anti-Tg activity was detected in all three patient groups (MG, IgG 26% and IgA 26%; HT, IgG 85% and IgA 40%; and GD, IgG 51%). Interestingly, a significant proportion of MG and GD sera exhibited both IgG anti-AChE and anti-Tg activities (MG, 18%; P < 0.001; and GD, 15%; P < 0.001, versus CR, 0%). This bi-reactivity was exhibited by anti-AChE antibodies cross-reacting with Tg (anti-AChE/Tg activity); (i) serum anti-AChE activity was effectively inhibited by soluble Tg, and (ii) affinity-purified anti-Tg antibodies cross-reacted with AChE. Cross-reactivity seems to be a property of pathological (auto)antibodies; induced (rabbit) antibodies to AChE or Tg were highly monospecific. Analysis of clinical data showed that increased IgG anti-AChE/Tg activity was well associated with: (i) overlapping GD in MG (P < 0.02), and (ii) ophthalmopathy in GD (P < 0.01). In contrast, no correlation was noted in MG between anti-AChE activity units and anti-Tg activity units or acetylcholine receptor antibody titres. The clinical significance of anti-AChE/Tg antibodies remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Antibodies to acetylcholinesterase cross-reacting with thyroglobulin in myasthenia gravis and Graves's disease. 774 74

A survival analysis was carried out based on the data of 190 male patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child A: 82.2%; Child B: 17.8%). Patients (mean age: 49.6 +/- 7.1 years) were examined during the period 1983-1990. Censoring in May 1993 was based on the recordings of the "Rentenversicherungsanstalten". There were no "drop-outs". During follow-up (mean: 4.2 years) 64 (33.7%) of the patients died. 13 potential prognostic variables were examined individually by drawing Kaplan-Meier curves and performing log-rank tests. Portal pressure, determined during hepatic vein catheterization as hepatic vein pressure gradient HVPG (P), size of esophageal varices, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, prothrombin time (Quick), thromboplastin time (PTT), cholinesterase (ChE) and Child scores were correlated to survival (p < 0.05), whereas age, gamma GT, IgA, drinking habits and additional diagnoses were not. A multivariate Cox regression analysis stepwise eliminated all but three variables: ChE, albumin and variceal size were included in the prognostic index PI of the final model. The usefulness of the model was tested by a cross validation method. No significant difference was found between estimated and observed survivorship functions. To compare the PI of the Cox model with Child's scores, ROC curves of sensitivity and specificity of predicting death within one, three and five years were constructed. Better prognostic efficiency was indicated for PI. Because ChE, albumin and the size of varices are determined as a routine in our clinic, we consider the construction of PI an advisable alternative to Child's classification.
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PMID:Survival in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: prognostic value of portal pressure, size of esophageal varices and biochemical data. Comparison with Child classification. 877 35


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