Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of AChE activity in the various tissues was studied, in female Funambulus pennanti (five banded squirrel), female Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge of safed teeter), female Perdicula asiatica (jungle bush quail or lowwa), female Gallus domesticus (white leghorn), and female Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) by the use of cholinesterase technique, under different temperatures, incubation periods and pH values. The distribution of AChE activity in the nerve cells, their fibres and nerve bundles as well as in muscle spindles was variable. Periphery of the nerve cells showed strong positive reaction as compared with the central portion of the cell (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4). Some of the ganglia and nerve bundles showed strong positive AChE reaction (Fig. 1, 5, 6).
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PMID:Study of acetylcholinesterase distribution in the various tissues of birds and mammals. 74 41

The sharpness in the staining of the neural elements with associated structures was maximum under maintained pH of 5.2, incubation period 19 h and temperature 40 degrees C, by cholinesterase technique. Innervation of the pancreas with reference to blood vessels, pancreatic duct, and islets of Langerhans has been studied in Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter). The fibres of the periarterial plexus, periductular plexus and the periinsular plexus were closely related to each other and were finally connected to the ganglia. Ganglia were distributed in the lobular cells and connective tissue space. They were large, small and medium and varies in shape, being rounded, oval, and elongated. Distribution of AChE activity was observed in various ganglia, nerve cells, and nerve fibres.
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PMID:Neuro-histochemical observations on the pancreas of Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter) as revealed by the cholinesterase technique. 80 47

In brains of female albino rats the influence of septal and paraseptal lesions on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the limbic cortex (hippocampal formation, regio limbica anterior et posterior, regio retrosplenialis) was investigated topochemically and also by a quantitative histophotometrical method. On the 4th day after bilateral lesion of the nuclei septi mediales the AChE-activity was diminished to residual values of 10 to 20% in comparison with sham-operated animals in all regions and layers of hippocampus and area dentata. Unilateral lesions of ncl. septi medialis cause stronger decreases in activity only ipsilaterally. Lesions surrounding the medial septal nuclei (ncl. septi lateralis, rostral septum, lateral hypothalamus, area preoptica especially) did not influence the enzyme activity in the hippocampal formation. After lesions in the rostral part of septum with intact medial nuclei, a reduced activity was found ipsilaterally in the layers of cingular cortex with residual values of 25 to 75% of the unaffected contralateral side. After destruction of the gyrus cinguli itself significantly lesser residual activities could be detected in this region caudal to the lesion. Quantitative estimations showed that 80 to 90% of the AChE-activity which was established by histochemical means in the hippocampal formation is immediately related to septal neurones. From these results it is evident that the hippocampal formation receives nearly all its cholinergic innervation from the medial septum exclusively. However, the cingular cortex seems to be an integrating field of other cholinergic afferences.
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PMID:[Histochemistry of cholinergic systems in the CNS. I. Topochemical and quantitative changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in the limbic cortex after septal lesions in the rat (author's transl)]. 81 Oct 48

A single application of a mixture of cholinolytic and reactivator of cholinesterase (TMB-4 compos. SPOFA) administered intravenously in the dose of 10.0 mg of trimedoxim per kg of live weight to sheep for 60 minutes after an intramuscular intoxication with O-ethyl S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methyl phosphonothioate (EDMM) in the dose of 0.00835 mg per kg of live weight (i.m. LD50, 2h) produces an immediate clinical effect. The reactivation of the erythrocytary acetyl cholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7.) examined in 15 minutes after the administration of the antidotal mixture is almost 100 p.c., the reactivation of the plasmatic butyryl cholin esterase (ChE, E.C.3.1.1.8.) approx. from 70 to 80 p. c. Restitution ad integrum occurred not later than in 14 days after the intoxication.
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PMID:[Antidotal effect of TMB-4 compos. Spofa in sheep intoxicated with O-ethyl S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methyl phosphonothioate]. 82 81

Two experiments investigated the neurochemical correlates of hippocampal stimulation effects on learning in three inbred strains of Mice. In the 1st experiment, it was shown that subseizure electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus, 30 sec. after a partial appetitive learning session (1) improved 24 hrs. delayed performances of BALB/c Mice (2) had little but significant effect on C57BL/6 (3) had no effect on C57BR animals. The second experiment was aimed at studying the stimulation effect on hippocampal cholinergic mechanisms by testing the two main enzymes involved in acetylcholine synthesis and degradation (choline acetyltransferase = ChAc and acetylcholinesterase = AChE). The major findings of this experiment were as follows: (1) stimulation induced a 3 hrs. delayed improvement of ChAc activity for the BALB/c strain (2) a similar but less important effect was observed in C57BL/6 Mice (3) there was no effect for C57BR animals. These result further support the view that cholinergic hippocampal mechanisms act upon memory consolidation.
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PMID:[Changes in cholinergic mechanisms and in learning in three strains of inbred mice after electric stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus]. 82 2

In perfusion fixed material was studied the localization of acetylcholinesterase in the region of rat Area postrema on frozen slides and chopped tissue light and electron microscopically. In the light microscope there was a week reaction in the parenchyma cells of the Area postrema and the capillary endothelium and some nerve fibres of the Area subpostrema. Electron microscopically was demonstrated the AChE in the perinuclear cisterna, in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum and the neurotubuli of the axons and dendrites in the Area postrema. It was also evidenced the AChE-reaction in the pinocytic vesicles of the capillary endothelium, the axons, dendrites and some other structural elements of the neuropil in the Area subpostrema. The results were discussed from the standpoint of the functional morphology.
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PMID:[The localization of the acetylcholinesterase in the area postrema and area subpostrema of the rat. Light and electron microscopical investigations (author's transl)]. 82 95

In a model of sheep perorally intoxicated with a 200.0 mg kg-1 trichlorphon dose, the effectivity of the worked out therapeutical procedure was confirmed; the procedure consisted in the administration of an anticholinergic (20.0 mg of 1.1% atropine s. c. pro toto) and cholinesterase reactivator (30.0 mg of 10% trimedoxime kg-1 i. m.) mixture 4 hours after the administration of the noxious agent. A determination of the erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7.) and plasmatic butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, E.C.3.1.1.8.) activities in the intoxicated sheep should be considered a decisive clinical and diagnostical test for taking veterinary-therapeutical, veterinary-hygienical or veterinary-sanitary measures in intoxications with anti-cholinesterase substances on the whole.
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PMID:[Treatment with antidotes in sheep perorally intoxicated]. 82 2

Several isozymes of acetylcholinesterase are separated by 10% acrylamide gel electrophoresis of mouse blood, brain, heart, muscle and tongue tissues. Two isozymes migrating near the origin are described which show changes in relative activity during development. The faster of the two bands is proportionately higher in concentration in embryonic tissues and is highly specific for the acetylthiocholine iodide substrate. This isozyme corresponds to the erythrocyte membrane AChE in electrophortic mobility and substrate specificity. The slower of the two bands is predominant in adult tissues and exhibits considerable cross reaction with the butyrylthiocholine iodide substrate. During embryonic and postnatal developmental stages there is a gradual shift from the faster migrating isozyme toward a predominance of the slower migrating isozyme.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase isozymes in developing mouse tissues. 83 87

The Karnovsky-Roots method was used for the light and electron cytochemical detection of acetylcholinesterase distribution in the cat cervical spinal cord. A specific reaction was found not only in nervous elements of the motor nuclei, but also in some astrocytes, satellite glial and Schwann cells. AChE activity was demonstrated in satellite cells accompanying both cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons. An electron microscopic analysis showed electron-dense end-products in the reaction (copper ferrocyanide) in nucleous, on the surfaces of the inner and outer leaves of the nuclear membrane and in its pores, in the perinuclear space and in the pericaria of satellite glial cells on the inner and outer surfaces of the cytoplasmatic membrane of the Schwann cells.
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PMID:[Acetylcholinesterase in the glial elements of the cat spinal cord]. 84 Mar 29

Myoneural junctions in the tibialis anterior muscle of rats with clinical signs of polyneuropathy induced with carbon disulfide were studied by light and electron microscopy. Histochemically demonstrable acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) activity was distributed similarly in the myoneural junctions of both the exposed and the control rats. In both groups intense enzyme activity was localized at the level of the post-synaptic membrane of the myoneural junction. The postsynaptic infoldings of the myoneural junctions of the exposed rats appeared normal. No enzyme activity was seen outside the zone of the myoneural junctions. The ultrastructure of the sub-sarcolemmal space, as well as the postsynaptic membranes of the myoneural junctions of the exposed animals, was normal. In the terminal axons signs of various degrees of degeneration were present, e.g., disappearance of the preterminal axoplasmic neurotubules, partial disappearance of synaptic vesicles, appearance of dense bodies, and even total disappearance or destruction of the terminal axons. Synaptic clefts were often widened with Schwann cell interposition. It thus seems that systemic carbon disulfide poisoning primarily alters the presynaptic structures of the myoneural junctions, while the postsynaptic side remains relatively intact, especially since the histochemical distribution of AChE in myoneural junctions was normal.
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PMID:Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the myoneural junctions of rats with carbon disulfide induced polyneuropathy. 84 30


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