Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical usefulness of mean transit time (MTT) through the liver was evaluated by deconvolution analysis using 99mTc-EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 82 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and 18 normal controls. Initial transfer factor was also obtained according to the method of Rutland. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Effect of the age on MTT was not observed in normal controls. 2) MTT in left lobe of normal controls was significantly prolonged compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3) MTT in patients with obstructive jaundice, chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis at decompensative state and primary biliary cirrhosis was significantly prolonged compared with that in normal controls (P less than 0.01). 4) MTT in patients with liver cirrhosis at compensative state showed normal values, although blood clearance rate in those patients was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). 5) Positive correlation was observed between MTT and values of T-Bil, ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP. Negative correlation was observed between MTT and value of cholinesterase. 6) Initial transfer factor correlated with blood clearance rate. (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). 7) Initial transfer factor in left lobe of normal controls was significantly decreased compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 8) Initial transfer factor in patients with liver cirrhosis in both compensative and decompensative states and PBC was significantly decreased compared with that in normal controls. Estimation of MTT and initial transfer factor could be a useful parameters to assess transfer function of the liver.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatic mean transit time of 99mTc-EHIDA estimated by deconvolution analysis]. 232 33

In an acute study, albino rats of both sexes were orally administered graded doses of Pirimiphosmethyl, and the statistically computed median lethal dose (LD-50) were 1861 and 1667 mg/kg body weight for male and female rats respectively. No treatment related changes were discernible with regard to food intake, growth, gross or histopathology of the organs. In a time-course study, the correlation between symptoms and degree of esterase inhibition was examined in rats administered the minimum lethal dose (MLD: 1000 mg/kg b.w.) of the insecticide. Time-course inhibition pattern of both cholinesterase (ChE) and non-specific carboxylesterase (NSE) activities in brain and plasma revealed maximum inhibition at 24 h post-treatment which correlated well with the intensity of symptoms. In a subacute study, groups of male rats were fed dietary Pirimiphos-methyl at 0, 10, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 28 days. Food consumption and growth rate were not affected throughout the experimental period. At necropsy after 28 days, no gross pathological changes were seen in any of the organs except a slight increase in liver weight at 1000 ppm. Though no statistical differences were observed in the levels of hepatic transaminases, a significant increase in serum transaminase was evident. Significant increase in the activities of hepatic ALP, beta-GLR and serum ALP were evident at 500 and 1000 ppm. Further, significant inhibition of plasma PChE was evident at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm while the degree of inhibition of brain AChE was significant only at the higher dosages. No histopathological alterations were observed in any of the organs.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity of pirimiphos-methyl: I. The acute and subacute oral toxicity in albino rats. 338 33

Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from nine-week-old suncus, mice and rats those had been fasted for 16 hours, and the serum was assayed for the levels of corticosterone, cortisol, and other constituents. The following results were obtained: The serum levels of corticosterone and cortisol and corticosterone/cortisol ratio of suncus were about the same as those of human. The SGPT, gamma-GT, ALP, LDH, Ca and K values in suncus were all within the normal range of the respective values in human. SGOT, amylase, BUN, Na, Cl, Fe and inorganic phosphate values were higher, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were lower in suncus than the respective normal values in human. The values of SGOT, amylase, ZTT, and K were higher in female than in male suncus, while the values of gamma-GT and ALP were higher in the male. Feeding the animals individually in the individual cages for a week increased the values of direct bilirubin, total cholesterol, ZTT, Na, K and Cl and lowered the value of urea. The values of SGPT, ALP and triglyceride of suncus obtained in 1984 were higher, the value of albumin was lower, than the respective values obtained in 1983. The value of cholinesterase in suncus was very small.
 ...
PMID:Serum constituents of Suncus murinus. 370 76

Clinical symptoms and abnormality of laboratory examinations in 62 patients with proven pancreatic carcinoma were studied. The following indications for detailed examination of the pancreas have been evolved: (1) vague abdominal symptoms, (2) jaundice, (3) abnormalities of laporatory examinations including serum LAP, ALP, amylase and cholinesterase level, and abnormal GTT. In the jaundiced patient the initial examination is US followed by PTCD to relieve the jaundice, and then angiography to assess resectability of the tumor. In the non-jaundiced patient US is used as a screening procedure. Should this be abnormal a lesion may be confirmed by CT. If not ERCP is indicated when there is some distinct reason to suspect pancreatic disease. If ERCP reveals abnormality then angiography is performed to determine whether the lesion is benign or malignant, and if malignant it is resectable or not. In the period of 1968 and 1981, 112 proven pancreatic carcinomas were studied. Overall resectability was 26%. Thirty tumors were less than 3 cm and the smallest lesion measured 1.2 cm.
 ...
PMID:[Problems of early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and evaluation of various morphological studies]. 687 17

Using the both methods. RaBA-Super System (Rapid Blood Analyzer System), the clinical values for chemical constituents of blood in Shiba goats bred in Stock Farm, University of Tokyo, were determined on the following items: total protein, albumin, TTT, glucose, BUN, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, CPK, cholinesterase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) All items determined were to be analyzed by means of the RaBA-Super System, although the values for total cholesterol, TTT, ALP and CPK varied considerably with individuals. 2) The values of adult female goats were significantly higher than those of young ones in total protein and albumin, and lower in glucose, cholinesterase, ALP and CPK. 3) The values of GPT and BUN of adult female goats in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and autumn. 4) The values for triglyceride and albumin of adult female goats using the RaBA-Super System were inconsistent with those analyzed simultaneously by the manual method, but a significant linear correlation was recognized between the both methods.
 ...
PMID:[The clinical values fro chemical constituents of blood in normal miniature Shiba goats (author's transl)]. 720 32

Measurement of the serum enzyme activity is generally used as a screening test for hepatic and biliary diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of serum enzyme activity as indices of health by analyzing relationships to changes in nutrient intakes. The results obtained were as follows: In cross-sectional studies gamma-GTP (1) and LDH-4 and -5 isozyme levels had a significant negative correlation to dietary intakes of vitamin C and protein, but total serum gamma-GTP and LDH activities had no correlation. Intake trials of these nutrients showed that high intake levels of vitamin C related to decrease in isozymes levels while low protein intake resulted in increases. Serum GPT activity had a negative relationship to vitamin C intake in men, but was not correlated with nutrient intakes in women. Serum ALP activity was affected positively with vitamin B intake in 40-79 year old men and women. There were statistically significant correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and energy, and food intake patterns.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship of nutrient intake to serum enzyme activity]. 824 33

Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of polyoxyethylene(10)nonylphenyl ether (NP-10) to Fischer 344 rats were investigated using 70 females per group in 4 study groups, or 280 rats in total. Diets containing NP-10 at 0, 1000, 3000 and 9000 ppm were prepared and orally administered to the animals repeatedly for 52 weeks for a chronic toxicity study and for 104 weeks for a carcinogenicity study. Observations of general condition, body weight analysis, food consumption analysis, hematologic examination, blood chemistry examination (only at Week 52 of administration), urinalysis (only at Week 52), ophthalmologic examination (immediately prior to administration and at Week 52), organ weight analysis and pathological examination were performed. The results are summarized as follows. The mean intake of the test substance was 60.5, 182 and 559 mg/kg/day in the chronic toxicity study for 52 weeks and 55.2, 166 and 520 mg/kg/day in the carcinogenicity study for 104 weeks in the 1000, 3000 and 9000 ppm groups, respectively. Mortality decreased approximately in a dose-related manner, with 28% in the control group, 26% in the 1000 ppm group, and 14% each in the 3000 and 9000 ppm groups. In general condition, there were no signs attributed to the treatment with NP-10. Body weight gain was suppressed in the 9000 ppm group throughout the administration period and in the 3000 ppm group during Weeks 21-88. Food consumption decreased in the 9000 and 3000 ppm groups. Food efficiency was lower in the 9000 and 3000 ppm groups. As a result of the hematologic examination, hematocrit value, hemoglobin value, red blood cell count, platelet count and MCV were lower and MCH and MCHC higher in the 9000 ppm group at Week 52 of administration. At Week 104, the neutrophil ratio was higher and lymphocyte ratio lower in the 3000 and 9000 ppm groups, and furthermore, hematocrit value, hemoglobin value, MCV and MCH were slightly lower in the 9000 ppm group. In the blood coagulability tests, prothrombin time was slightly shortened in the 9000 ppm group at Week 52. As a result of the blood chemistry examination, total protein and albumin values were higher and total bilirubin, uric acid and trygliceride value lower in the 3000 ppm and higher dose groups. Furthermore, the free cholesterol value was higher and the values of potassium, cholesterol ester ratio, GOT, GPT, ALP and cholinesterase were lower in the 9000 ppm group. As a result of the urinalysis, the specific gravity of urine was higher and urine pH acidic in some animals. As a result of the ophthalmologic examination, no abnormal animals were found in the 9000 ppm group. As a result of the organ weight analysis, absolute and relative weights of the liver and adrenals were higher in the 3000 and/or 9000 ppm groups as changes which were considered attributable to the test substance and, in addition, organs with a lower absolute weight and higher relative weight with the suppressed body weight gain were observed in the 9000 ppm group. The histopathological examination revealed no marked findings in necropsy observation or histology in the treated groups in the animals killed at Weeks 52, 104 as well as those killed moribund and dead animals. In the histological findings, bile duct hyperplasia of liver in the animals killed at Week 52, proliferative duct of pancreas in the animals killed at Week 104, pigment of deposit in pituitary and angiectasis of adrenals in the animals killed at moribund and dead animals were observed in a slightly larger number in the treated groups, but none of these changes were different in degree from the control and were not considered to be specific lesions. As a result of the overall study of the neoplastic lesions of all animals killed on schedule and of moribund and dead animals, no tumors were found in the treated groups which had increased in occurrence. Based on the above findings, it was determined that the no-adverse-effect level in the chronic toxicity study was 1000 ppm (
 ...
PMID:Oral chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity test of polyoxyethylene(10)nonylphenyl ether (NP-10) in female F344 rats. 1066 63

Effect of single and binary treatments of plant-derived molluscicides on different enzymes--acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid/alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP)--in the nervous tissue of the harmful terrestrial snail Achatina fulica were studied. Sublethal in vivo 24-h exposure to 40% and 80% LC(50) of Azadirachta indica oil, Cedrus deodara oil, Allium sativum bulb powder, Nerium indicum bark powder and binary combinations of A. sativum (AS) + C. deodara (CD) and CD + A. indica (AI) oils significantly altered the activity of these enzymes in the nervous tissue of Achatina fulica. The binary treatment of AS + CD was more effective against AChE, LDH, and ALP than the single ones. However, binary treatment of AI + CD was more effective against ALP.
 ...
PMID:Effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on different enzyme activities in the nervous tissue of Achatina fulica. 1251 32

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is used as a plasticizer, a detergent base, in aerosol sprays, as a perfume binder in incense sticks and after-shave lotions. It is known to be a contaminant of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Therefore, a study was designed to determine the toxic effects of DEP on a freshwater fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The fish was treated with 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm (w/v) DEP dissolved in acetone to determine the LC50. Positive controls were treated with acetone only. There was 100% mortality observed within 24 h in 75 and 100 ppm, and 50% mortality in 50 ppm treated fish in 72 h. Those treated at 25 ppm showed only 10% mortality within 72 h and remaining fish continued to survive. The surviving fish were treated with 25 ppm DEP once daily for 3 days with every change of water (Group III). One group was maintained as negative control in dechlorinated water (Group I) and the other group received acetone once daily for 3 days with every change of water and was used as positive control (Group II). Fish were killed by cold narcosis on an ice block and dissected to obtain liver, muscle, and brain samples; 10% homogenates in ice-cold saline were prepared. Brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was measured. Liver aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and liver and muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) alkaline and acid phosphate (ALP and ACP) were measured. There was a significant increase in liver and muscle ACP and ALP in DEP-treated fish compared with positive and negative controls. There was a significant increase in muscle SDH and liver ALT (ALT) in DEP-treated fish compared with positive and negative controls. Brain AchE level was significantly decreased in DEP-treated fish compared to positive and negative controls. These results indicate that DEP brings about significant changes in the activity of certain liver and muscle enzymes. These alterations in enzyme activity may have long-term effects on that are continuously exposed to low doses of DEP in the aquatic environment.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity study of diethyl phthalate on freshwater fish Cirrhina mrigala. 1256 61

The effects of p.o. administration of the combination of malathion + superphosphate or urea on Najdi sheep were evaluated in sheep dosed as untreated controls, malathion-treated at 25 mg/kg/d, superphosphate-treated at 450 mg/kg/d, urea-treated at 450 mg/kg/d, malathion-treated at 25 mg/kg/d + superphosphate treated at 450 mg/kg/d, or malathion treated at 25 mg/kg/d + urea treated at 450 mg/kg/d. Oral doses of malathion alone were lethal after 6 d, and malathion + urea were fatal after 6-8 d. Malathion + superphosphate caused death after 2-3 d. Malathion, but not superphosphate or urea, inhibited serum cholinesterase activity. Hepatonephropathy correlated with changes in serum AST, ALP, cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin, urea, total protein and albumin. Neither malathion nor its combination with superphosphate or urea caused peripheral neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:Effects of malathion plus superphosphate or urea on Najdi sheep. 1258 86


1 2 3 Next >>