Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biochemical studies were performed on blood and lung tissue of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) following acute exposure to 0.75 ppm ozone (O3) for 4 h/d for 4 consecutive days. One group of animals was sacrificed at the end of the last exposure day and another group was sacrificed 4 d later after the last exposure. Evidence was sought for oxidation-induced changes known to occur in rodents when high levels of O3 are inhaled. A significant increase in red blood cell membrane fragility was observed, as well as significant decreases in red blood cell glutathione and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase; however, the red blood cell enzymes, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were not changed significantly. Lung tissue analysis showed that lipid peroxidation was markedly increased and tissue vitamin E levels were significantly decreased. The tissue enzymes G6PDH, glutathione reductase, and LDH significantly increased in activity. No significant changes were seen in either superoxide dismutase or malic acid dehydrogenase. The results of this experiment indicate that O3, or reaction products resulting from O3-tissue interaction in the lung, pass the air-blood barrier and are capable of producing biochemical changes in blood as well as in lung tissue.
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PMID:Biochemical response of squirrel monkeys to ozone. 10 43

Blood samples collected in a single Pygmy tribe, the Aka, living in Bokoka district (Central African Empire) were investigated with respect to the phenotype and gene frequencies of the following 12 enzyme systems: acid phosphatase, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, carbonic anhydrase, esterase D, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase 1, phosphoglucomutase 2, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and serum cholinesterase variants (locus E1 and E2). The data obtained in the study of genetic polymorphisms of this isolated and inbred population show a specific pattern with the following characteristics: the very low frequency of PGDB and pa alleles; the existence of two rare PGM variants at the PGM2 locus, typical PGM26Pyg (4.2%) and PGM29 (0.2%); the high frequency of the pr allele (10.8%) and CAII2 (8.22%) and ESD2 genes (18.4%). Furthermore, at the G6PD locus four distinct alleles have been found: the negroid GdA- (4%) and GdA+ (16%), the common GdB+ (79.2%)--, and the rare Gd+Ibadan Austin (0.7%). Cholinesterase typings disclosed the presence of the uncommon E1f and E1s genes distributed within a single breeding unit. The results are compared with other data previously reported on South African Khoisan and some Negroid populations; the particular genetic background of Pygmies is discussed.
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PMID:Population genetic studies of the Aka pygmies (Central Africa): a survey of red cell and serum enzymes. 46 35

To determine whether vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) supplementation of the diet provides protection from inhaled oxidants such as ozone (O3) in community air pollution, its effects were studied in healthy adult volunteers, Experimental groups received 800 or 1600 IU of vitamin E for 9 wk or more; control groups received placebos. Double-blind conditions were maintained throughout the study. Biochemical parameters studied included red blood cell fragility; hematocrit and hemoglobin values; red cell glutathione concentration; and the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase. No significant differences between the responses of the supplemented and placebo groups to a controlled O3 exposure (0.5 ppm for 2 h) were found for any of these parameters. The results indicate that vitamin E supplementation in humans, at the levels employed in this experiment, gives no added protection against blood biochemical effects of O3 in intermittently exercising subjects under exposure conditoins simulating summer ambient air pollution episodes.
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PMID:Human biochemical response to ozone and vitamin E. 52 40

To investigate whether ambient air quality standards for ozone adequately protect high-risk populations, we assessed pulmonary and biochemical responses of 22 asthmatic volunteers to 2-hour controlled exposures to ozone at concentrations approximating 0.2 ppm, with secondary stresses of heat and intermittent exercise. All subjects had physician-diagnosed asthma; clinically, they covered a range from minimal wheezing to persistent marked abnormality in forced expiratory performance. Control experiments included repeated sham exposures (to purified air with no ozone added) as well as brief exposures to the odor of ozone followed by purified air. No meaningful changes in forced expiratory measures, lung volumes, or single-breath N2 indices were found after ozone exposure relative to control. Symptoms, scored semiquantitatively, increased slightly but not significantly with exposure to ozone. Small but significant (P is less than 0.05) group mean blood biochemical changes occurred with exposure to ozone; these included increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, increased erythrocyte fragility, and decreased concentration of reduced glutathione. Hemoglobin concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity decreased with ozone and decreased to a lesser extent in control studies. Concentrations of ozone readily attainable in smog episodes thus appear to be capable of affecting blood biochemistry in at least some asthmatic persons, in the absence of obvious adverse pulmonary responses. Whether the biochemical effects represent harm to health or a normal response to stress remains to be determined.
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PMID:Health effects of ozone exposure in asthmatics. 65 90

Activity of redox enzymes, and of mediator-inactivated enzymes in the neurosecretory cells of the anterior hypothalamus under hydration and dehydration conditions of the rabbit organism was investigated by the histochemical methods. The activity of the Krebs' cycle enzymes and of the electron transport system responded by an increased activity to dehydration and by decreased one to hydration. The activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased as compared to the control in both cases. Changes in the monoamine oxidase activity diminished in dehydration and rose in hydration. As to acetylcholinesterase -- the changes in its activity had a reciprocal character.
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PMID:[Effect of hydration and dehydration of the bodies of animals on bioenergetic and mediator processes in the neurosecretory cells of the anterior hypothalamus]. 72 22

The histoenzymologic study of the adrenals in Glis glis was realized for 4 enzymatic activities (acid phosphatase, glucose 1 phosphate dehydrogenase, delta5 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cholinesterase) completed by the simultaneous dosage of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The histophotometric measures made it possible to differentiate the enzymatic activities of the different zones of the adrenal cortex and to show the persistance of an important activity of the zona fasciculata and sometimes of the zona reticulata during hibernation, independantly of the zona glomerulosa. This study confirms the activation of the adrenal cortex during hibernation with a brutal depletion at awakening and reduced activity during estivation.
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PMID:[Histoenzymologic study of the adrenal gland of the dormouse during the annual cycle]. 102 46

Statistically significant changes (P less than .05) were observed in erythrocytes (RBC) and sera of young adult human males following a single short-term exposure to 0.50 ppm ozone (O3) for 2 3/4 hours. The RBC membrane fragility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities were increased, while RBC acetylcholinesterase (AcChase) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased. The RBC glutathione reductase (GSSRase) activities were not significantly altered. Serum GSSRase activity, however, was significantly decreased while serum vitamin E, and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased. These alterations tend to disappear gradually, but were still detectable two weeks following exposure.
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PMID:Ozone and human blood. 110 71

The histochemical localization of six enzymic activities (acetylcholinesterase, pseudocholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) has been studied in the vagal and facial lobes of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. These encephalic centers are hypertrophic in Cyprinidae, corresponding to the dominance of gustatory function. Acetylcholinesterase shows a complex laminar distribution in the vagal lobes and a peculiar cellular localization in vagal motor neurons. Monoamine oxidase activity is mainly evident in fibrous tracts coming to or leaving from the lobes. Among oxidative enzymes examined, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase exhibit distribution patterns respectively similar to those observed for acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase. Some features on enzymes distribution in the gustatory centers of Carassius are in agreement with the enzymatic patterns well known in higher vertebrates.
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PMID:Histochemical study on the distribution of some enzyme activities in the vagal and facial lobes of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. 114 Oct 29

Old and young rabbit erythrocytes, separated by centrifugation, contained different respective activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and acetylcholinesterase, and different quantities of stromal sialic acid. A systematic study of the survival rate of young and old erythrocytes incubated with different amounts of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase is described. The half-life of intact old erythrocytes is significantly shorter than that of young erythrocytes with a similar sialic acid content.
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PMID:Ageing in vivo and neuraminidase treatment of rabbit erythrocytes: influence on half-life as assessed by 51Cr labelling. 115 Jan 54

A longitudinal study of red cell enzyme activity in newborn infants of low birth weight has been conducted over the first 2 months of life. The enzymes investigated are acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.3.7), an integral part of the red cell membrane and subnormal in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), an intracellularly-located, sex-linked enzyme, implicated in neonatal jaundice and of significance in drug-induced hemolytic anemias. Acetylcholinesterase activity, which is lower in normal full-term infants and in low birth weight infants than in adults, was further diminished during the initial weeks of life of the infants of low birth weight and the higher levels of activity, characteristic of adult red cells, had not appeared by 2 months of age. By contrast, red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which is higher in full-term newborn infants and in infants of low birth weight than in adults, did not diminish as a function of age and the lower adult levels were not discernible by 2 months of life.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of red cell enzymes in infants of low birth weight. 117 94


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