Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight hematologic parameter values, 16 serum biochemical constituents, serum protein fractions and albumin-globulin ratios were determined in blood samples obtained from 879 normal, healthy Beagle dogs of both sexes which had been reproduced and bred in our laboratories. The blood samples were collected from the Beagles that ranged in monthly ages from 1 to 12 and in monthly ages from 13 to 121, which were classified as the adult class. As a result, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volumes increased with growth. Red blood cell parameters of normal Beagles in our laboratories were rather higher than those in literatures presented by many other researchers. MCV decreased and MCHC increased gradually with age. Total serum protein concentrations increased with growth. alpha 1-1 and alpha 1-2 Globulin fractions descended, but beta 2 and gamma globulin fractions ascended in serum proteins. Alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and glucose concentrations decreased conspicuously with growth. Leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations decreased slightly. Serum cholinesterase and LDH activities showed a tendency to diminish similarly. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations multiplied gradually. Hematologic parameters became almost steady in our 7-month-old dogs or older ones and serum biochemical constituents had a tendency to be stable in our 7- to 9-month-old dogs or older ones in the blood. White blood cell counts, alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations, glucose concentrations, leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations were lowest in the adult class.
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PMID:[Successive changes in the blood composition of experimental normal beagle dogs associated with age]. 408 64

Sixty male workers in a lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory were examined with regard to health in comparison with an external control group of 20 clerks. Case history, physical examination, neurologic status, and ECG revealed no significant differences between groups. However, the following significant differences in clinical-chemical blood tests were ascertained: higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher reticulocyte count, lower prothrombin (Quick's) test, and lower blood concentrations of creatinine and uric acid. No significant differences were observed in total red and white blood cell as well as platelet counts, hemoglobin content, the other counts of differential blood picture, gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH, cholinesterase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea. In spite of a pronounced exposure to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, no signs of severe impairment of health were observed; only small deviations in some laboratory tests were found having no pathologic significance. However, biological monitoring and health supervision of HCH-exposed workers should be carried out.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane. II. Health conditions of chronically exposed workers. 616 31

The use of metronidazole in radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer (SFD = 20 Gy) as a radiosensitizer of tumor hypoxic cells resulted in changes of the liver function tests: a decrease in the cholinesterase activity, a decrease in the level of cholesterol and albumin esters in the blood serum that characterize synthetic liver function. Similar though more noticeable in amounts shifts were marked in stomach cancer patients following preoperative irradiation (SFD = 20 Gy). A slight decrease in AP activity and a decrease in LDH activity below the initial level were simultaneously noted in the latter group as opposed to the group of laryngeal cancer patients. The deviations from the initial level of such liver function indices as bilirubin and total protein level, alanine and asparagine aminotransferase activity did not depend on the incorporation of metronidazole in the radiotherapeutic scheme and developed one way in the intervention and control groups of patients disregarding tumor site. The comparison of shifts of the liver tests in stomach and laryngeal cancer patients in whom tumor site was responsible for the incorporation of the liver in the irradiated zone or for the distance from it, made it possible to regard MZ direct toxic effect and its radiosensitizing effect on the hepatic tissue as causes of the observed deviations.
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PMID:[State of the liver after radiotherapy of cancer of the stomach and larynx with metronidazole radiosensitization]. 651 53

Using the both methods. RaBA-Super System (Rapid Blood Analyzer System), the clinical values for chemical constituents of blood in Shiba goats bred in Stock Farm, University of Tokyo, were determined on the following items: total protein, albumin, TTT, glucose, BUN, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, CPK, cholinesterase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) All items determined were to be analyzed by means of the RaBA-Super System, although the values for total cholesterol, TTT, ALP and CPK varied considerably with individuals. 2) The values of adult female goats were significantly higher than those of young ones in total protein and albumin, and lower in glucose, cholinesterase, ALP and CPK. 3) The values of GPT and BUN of adult female goats in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and autumn. 4) The values for triglyceride and albumin of adult female goats using the RaBA-Super System were inconsistent with those analyzed simultaneously by the manual method, but a significant linear correlation was recognized between the both methods.
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PMID:[The clinical values fro chemical constituents of blood in normal miniature Shiba goats (author's transl)]. 720 32

Between 1986 and 1991 773 infants were investigated by biopsy. 209 children suffered from a neuronal dysplasia of the submucous plexus (NID B). 64 of these 209 cases had concomitant Hirschsprung's disease with NID. The combination of Hirschsprung's disease with NID was established at biopsy not earlier than at 12 +/- 6 months of age. The classical form of an isolated aganglionosis had a median age at diagnosis of 4 +/- 2 months. The preconditions for a reliable diagnosis of NID are mucosal biopsies with submucosa taken 1, 3 and 9 cm above the pectinate line, the preparation of 15 microns thick serial sections, a acetylcholinesterase- and lactate-reaction and a systematic examination of all serial sections. Giant ganglia, which are 2-3 times as large as normal ganglia and having more than 7 LDH-positive nerve cells (10 +/- 3 nerve cells in the mean), are the most relevant parameters in the diagnosis of NID. They can be observed in infants as well as in adults. The NID proximal to aganglionosis is in principle not different from an isolated form of NID. Increase of acetylcholinesterase-activity in muscularis mucosae and lamina propria mucosae and a "hyperplasia" of the submucous plexus in early infancy disappears with advancing age and are very seldom observed at 2 years of age or in adulthood. NID B is the mildest form of a developmental abnormality of the autonomic nervous system, which shows in most cases a spontaneous normalization of gut motility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The neuropathological diagnosis of neuronal intestinal dysplasia (NID B). 785 82

The amyloid beta-protein (A beta) of Alzheimer's disease is derived from a family of large integral membrane glycoproteins, beta-amyloid precursor proteins (beta APP). Two secretory proteolytic pathways are involved in the metabolism of beta APP. The major pathway involves cleavage within the A beta sequence and generates carboxyl-truncated derivatives of beta APP which are secreted into the conditioned medium of cells. The minor 'amyloidogenic' pathway results in the production of A beta. Here, cell cultures were used to examine the metabolism of beta APP by tacrine, a centrally active cholinesterase inhibitor reported to improve cognitive deficits. Treatment with tacrine in cells resulted in the drastic inhibition of secretion of the major isoforms of beta APP into the medium. The effect of tacrine can be reversed by washing away the drug from the cells. Treatment with tacrine did not change the level of either HSP-70 or LDH. Thus, the inhibitory effect of tacrine on the secretion of beta APP was not due to the permanent damage or loss of cells as normal release of beta APP could be restored when the drug was washed away.
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PMID:Reversibility of the effect of tacrine on the secretion of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in cultured cells. 789 57

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our department because of shortness of breath and pancytopenia on March 27, 1992. On admission, palpebral conjuctiva were anemic. Laboratory findings showed pancytopenia, a reticulocyte count of 44,835/microliters, hemosiderinuria, LDH of 710 IU/l, haptoglobin of 6 mg/dl, NAP score of 301, red cell acetylcholinesterase of 1.5 U, negative Ham's test and negative sugar water test. Bone marrow was hypoplastic (2.4 x 10(4)/microliters). The erythrocytes of this patient showed complement-sensitive cells by the complement lysis sensitivity test, and a negative population consisting of double negative erythrocytes by flow cytometric two-color analysis using monoclonal antibodies to CD55 and CD59. A diagnosis of PNH with hypoplastic bone marrow was thus made. Therefore, flow cytometric two-color analysis appears to be superior to the standard tests currently used.
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PMID:[Negative Ham's test and sugar water test on admission in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. 796 61

Male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving an acute dose of methomyl (5 mg/Kg, sc) developed overt signs of toxicity within 2 min. The maximum severity, including muscle fasciculations and convulsions, was attained within 7-10 min and lasted for about 30 min. A very rapid recovery followed and by 90 min rats were free from obvious toxicity. During intoxication, the body temperature was significantly below normal. In diaphragm, when the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was markedly depressed (82%), the levels of high-energy phosphates, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) were also significantly lowered (27% and 54%, respectively). Significant decreases in the levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 19%), total adenine nucleotides (TAN, 27%), creatine (Cr, 27%), and total creatine compounds (TCrC, 29%) were noted at various intervals. The ratio of PCr/Cr was reduced by 53%. The adenylate energy charge [(ATP + 1/2 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)], an indicator of high-energy phosphate bond availability, remained unchanged throughout the time course. More than twofold elevation in the activity of Mg(2+)-facilitated creatine kinase (reverse Lohmann reaction) in diaphragm (CK-MM) and more than twofold increase in the levels of glucose in serum, were suggestive of greater synthesis of ATP. Higher activity of CK-MM was also noted in the serum. That high-energy phosphates were partially depleted suggested that the rate of ATP utilization was far greater than its synthesis. Methomyl intoxication also resulted in higher activity of LDH and its isoenzymes in muscle as a result of induced greater synthesis. Elevation of CK and LDH and their isoenzymes in the serum was probably a result of their leakage from the tissues due to loss of membrane permeability caused by significant depletion of ATP and PCr.
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PMID:Energy related metabolic alterations in diaphragm muscle resulting from acute methomyl toxicity. 799 Dec 21

Measurement of the serum enzyme activity is generally used as a screening test for hepatic and biliary diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of serum enzyme activity as indices of health by analyzing relationships to changes in nutrient intakes. The results obtained were as follows: In cross-sectional studies gamma-GTP (1) and LDH-4 and -5 isozyme levels had a significant negative correlation to dietary intakes of vitamin C and protein, but total serum gamma-GTP and LDH activities had no correlation. Intake trials of these nutrients showed that high intake levels of vitamin C related to decrease in isozymes levels while low protein intake resulted in increases. Serum GPT activity had a negative relationship to vitamin C intake in men, but was not correlated with nutrient intakes in women. Serum ALP activity was affected positively with vitamin B intake in 40-79 year old men and women. There were statistically significant correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and energy, and food intake patterns.
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PMID:[Relationship of nutrient intake to serum enzyme activity]. 824 33

Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were determined in 292 alcoholics. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms was compared with the ratio in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with transient hallucinations or with delirium tremens was significantly lower than that in patients without these symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio tended to be lower in patients with alcohol withdrawal seizures than in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio had a negative correlation with plasma total bilirubin and LDH, and a positive correlation with plasma cholinesterase and albumin. These results indicate that abnormalities of amino acid metabolism caused by liver damage in alcohol dependence may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Aromatic and branched-chain amino acid levels in alcoholics. 906 12


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