Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a review of historical facets of research in cutaneous neurohistology. The silver stains, used for some 150 years, led to the discovery of the neurone theory and to contemporary comparative studies. The cholinesterase methods, used since 1950, are the most convenient for general studies of nerves. The fluorescence technique of Falck (1962) is valuable for the study of adrenergic fibers. The electron microscope techniques used since 1950 have allowed the comprehensive description of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers and of corpuscles. The most important unsettled questions pertain to the physiology of cutaneous nerves and precise definitions of cutaneous sensibility.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous innervation. 5 52

A combined acetylcholinesterase and silver stain for demonstrating the intramuscular innervation of fresh frozen tissue is described. Intramuscular nerves, subterminal axons, and motor end plates are simultaneously stained brown or black with minimal staining of connective tissue and muscle fibers in longitudinal sections 30-100 mu thick. The method has been applied to fetal and adult rat, porcine, and bovine skeletal muscle. Antemortem and postmortem tissue samples stained equally well. The method facilitates simultaneous appreciation of morphological alterations in nervous and muscular tissues; in clinical and research laboratories alike it is of value when muscle abnormalities which may be related to disorders of nervous origin are studied. Compared with other published procedures this method has shorter time requirements, uses fresh frozen tissue, and displays superior staining characteristics.
 ...
PMID:A combined silver and acetylcholinesterase method for staining intramuscular innervation. 5 25

The melanocytes, the intermediate cells of Billingham and Medawar and the Langerhans' cells of the epidermis of the white guinea pig were found to be positive to Bielschowsky's silver and Gomori's acetylcholinesterase reactions. The melanocytes were full of Nissl substance. On these evidences, supported by other morphological and histochemical characteristics, the dendritic cells of the epidermis were considered to be nervous structures.
 ...
PMID:The nature of dendritic cells of the epidermis of the white guinea pig. 7 Sep 48

The origins, distribution, and cellular targets of the septo-hippocampal projections are reviewed. It appears that the distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in the medial septum and diagonal bands and those cells labelled after injections of horseradish peroxidase into the hippocampus coincide; however, the possibility of a non-acetylcholinesterase septal projection remains. Good agreement is found between the distribution of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase and the patterning of silver grains after injection of [3H]leucine into the medial septum. A major target of septal efferents to the hippocampus is the interneuron population; the possibility of septal mediation of intrahippocampal circuitry via this anatomical arrangement is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Anatomical and functional aspects of the septo-hippocampal projections. 8 25

A new combined stain for the simultaneous demonstration of motor nerve terminals and cholinesterase at neuromuscular junctions is described. It employs bromoindoxyl acetate dye-staining for cholinesterase and silver-gold impregnation for nerve terminals. The clarity and reliability of the stain permit quantitative measurements of neuromuscular junctions in order to evaluate nerve terminal sprouting as well as other pathological changes. The method is rapid, reproducible, and simple, and it is well suited for the processing of large numbers of frozen sections.
 ...
PMID:A new stain for quantitative measurement of sprouting at neuromuscular junctions. 8 10

Combination of Karnovsky's cholinesterase staining with silver impregnation of axons (modified Bodian's technique) offers a new means of studying the relation between the pre- and postsynaptic elements in the frog neuromuscular junction. The method can be applied to whole muscles so that synapses of individual superficial muscle fibers which have previously been investigated by electrophysiological techniques can be identified after staining. In this way synaptic activity can be correlated with such synaptic features as number of axon branches, length of the occupied synaptic gutter, axonal sprouts, etc. The distinction between occupied and unoccupied parts of the synaptic gutters is useful when studying reinnervation, regression, or growth of a synapse.
 ...
PMID:A combined silver and cholinesterase method for studying exact relations between the pre- and the postsynaptic elements at the frog neuromuscular junction. 9 Apr 8

The effect of unilateral enucleation, ablation of the visual cortex or coagulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) upon the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different structures of the visual system of albino rats was studied. The localization and extent of the degeneration pattern were followed up by histological silver degeneration methods. Afferents from the retina project mainly contralaterally to the dorsal and ventral LGN, the pretectal region and the superior colliculus. Afferent fibres from the dorsal LGN enter the visual cortex in area 17 only. Neurons of this area project back ipsilaterally to the LGN and the superior colliculus (SC). No significant decrease in the activity of the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase could be observed under any of the experimental conditions; there was rather a tendency to increased activity in the subcortical centres. AChE as a less specific marker also exhibited no gross changes in activity in the lesioned animals. The results add more direct proof to pharmacological and physiological evidence that ACh is not involved in the synaptic transmission of the direct optic projections in rats, either at the subcortical or at the cortical level.
 ...
PMID:Cholinergic transmission in subcortical and cortical visual centers of rats: no evidence for the involvement of primary optic system. 19 27

The posterior supracoracoideus nerve of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, was induced to make synapses outside its normal muscle territory. Muscle fibres with inputs from both native and foreign nerves were studied during the period of suppression of foreign transmission and in only 8% of fibres were foreign and native terminals found within 120 micrometer of each other. A combined cholinesterase/silver staining technique revealed non-innervated endplates in foreign-innervated fibres just prior to the return of the native nerve. These results suggest a mechanism enabling suppression of foreign synapses at some distance from native synapses probably beginning with the reinnervation of empty sites by the native nerve.
 ...
PMID:Suppression of foreign innervation in axolotl muscle may not be dependent on juxtaposition of native and foreign nerve terminals. 22 86

The autonomic innervation of the mouse gallbladder mucosa was studied using histo- and cytochemical methods. In a light microscopic investigation the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was studied histochemically. Nerve fibres and small varicosities showed concentrations of AChE activity very close to the epithelium in the subepithelial connective tissue. No adrenergic nerves were observed in the mucosa. When using the electron microscope and employing the potassium permanganate fixation/staining technique only one sort of axonal enlargement was encountered, viz. the cholinergic type. These varicosities contained numerous agranular vesicles (500-600 A in diameter). No varicosities of the adrenergic (dense-cored vesicles) type were observed. Signs of increased secretory activity in the epithelium were observed in the first few minutes after cholinergic stimulation. After repeated in vivo stimulation, there was an almost total depletion of glycoprotein granules, best seen when using the cytochemical PA-CrA-silver technique. The findings suggest that the subepithelial connective tissue and the epithelium of the mouse gallbladder mucosa have a cholinergic innervation.
 ...
PMID:Light and electron microscopic observations of the autonomic innervation of the mouse gallbladder mucosa. A histochemical, cytochemical, and secretory study. 33 Apr 73

Conley et al., in 1971, described a special type of melanoma characterized by a superficial melanic lesion at the onset; repeated local relapses as subcutaneous tumorations with an histological picture closely resembling an atypical fibroxantoma or fibrosarcoma. After a review of all the published material the autors presents a personal case with the clinical, histological and evolutive characteristics of this disease. The most interesting findings of the published case are the following: The special stains for the melanocytes (silver stain, Dopa, tyrosinase and cholinesterase) were all negative. There was an intense positivity for the lisosomal enzymes (non specific sterases, and acid phosphatases). The ultrastructural study of the tumoral tissues as well as the cells of cultures showed abundant cells with tumoral aspects, with prominent nucleoli somewhat dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, myelin-like figures, lipidic vacuoles and abundant lisosomes. No melanosomes or premelanosomes were observed. Beside these tumoral cells abundant typical fibroblastic elements were found. There was a great amount of collagen fibers with periodicity superior to the normal. The conclusion is that the desmoplastic melanoma must be considered as a tumor of mesenchimatous origin intervening in its development multiple local and general factors.
 ...
PMID:[Desmoplastic melanoma]. 34 19


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>