Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

EuCl3.6H2O was administered by gavage for 28 consecutive days to groups of 10 male and 10 female rats (Slc:Wistar strain) at doses of 0, 40, 200, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Additional groups of male and female rats receiving the 0 and 1000 mg/kg doses were used to assess recovery after 14 days subsequent to cessation of compound administration. Body weights and food consumption were measured, and hematological, clinical biochemistry, and histopathological examination were performed. The concentrations of europium (Eu) and of essential elements in organs were determined by ICP-MS or ICP-AES. In the rats of each sex dosed at 200 and 1000 mg/kg, the body weight gain significantly decreased because of reduction in food consumption. Hyperkeratosis of the forestomach and eosinocyte infiltration of the stomach submucosa were found in both sexes receiving the 1000 mg/kg dose group, suggesting an irritation effect by EuCl3.6H2O. The Eu levels increased dose dependently in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and femurs, and the accumulated volume of Eu in these organs was estimated to be about 1/100,000 of the total dosed amount. The administration of EuCl3.6H2O increased the serum iron concentration in males and the serum total iron binding capacity in each sex and decreased cholinesterase activity in females in the 1000 mg/kg dosed group. Iron concentrations in the spleen and strontium concentrations in the femurs of rats of both sexes dosed at 1000 mg/kg were significantly decreased. We concluded that the no-observed-effect level is 200 mg/kg/day. Our investigation demonstrated that elemental analyses of organs is a useful approach to toxicological study.
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PMID:Toxicity study of europium chloride in rats. 747 67

Age-related changes of 27 items in serum chemistry were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes from 6 to 30 weeks of age. The following 12 items were shown as an increase in those values during growth and maturity, i.e., total protein, albumin (female only), glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid (female only), beta-lipoprotein, cholinesterase (female only), asparate aminotransferase (female only), creatinine, direct-bilirubin and total-bilirubin. However, the following 4 items decreased with aging, i.e., asparate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and inorganic phosphorus. No age-related changes were found in the values for calcium, sodium and chloride in both sexes and for alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase and albumin in males. The sex differences were shown in the following 12 items: higher values in males were alkaline phosphatase, creatinephosphokinase, glucose and inorganic phosphorus, and higher values in females were cholinesterase, albumin, phospholipid, non-esterified fatty acid, urea nitrogen, direct-bilirubin, total-bilirubin and serum iron. No sex-related differences were found in the values for calcium, sodium, chloride and total cholesterol.
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PMID:[Age-related changes and sex differences on the serum chemistry values in Sprague-Dawley rats--I. 6-30 weeks of age]. 749 31

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the ability of single and combined prognostic parameters in predicting postoperative infections in cancer surgical patients. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The Younden's index (YI) was used to select threshold values of the parameters. This analysis was applied in 398 patients undergoing curative elective surgery for gastric, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer. At admission, the percentage of body weight loss, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, and serum cholinesterase activity were evaluated. In all patients, the type and rate of postoperative infection were recorded. Multiple logistic analysis showed weight loss as the most predictive variable (p = 0.02), when taken individually. Its best cutoff value was 10% (YI = 1.27, p = 0.00001, ROC area = 0.62). When serum albumin was added as the second-best variable, with a threshold of 35 g/L, the combined YI was 1.27, and the ROC area was 0.65 (p NS vs. weight loss). Total lymphocyte count dichotomized at 2200 million/L was the third variable added to weight loss and serum albumin (YI = 1.31, ROC area = 0.59). In conclusion, weight loss split at 10% appears as the only index with a moderate prognostic performance that is worth evaluating in the preoperative nutrition assessment. A nonsignificant improvement of predictive ability was obtained by the combination of serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, or serum cholinesterase activity.
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PMID:Lack of improvement of prognostic performance of weight loss when combined with other parameters. 774 43

In 1992 people aged 65 years and over represented 11.9% (men) and 17.2% (women) of the Swiss population, and in 2000 the average 65-year-old man or woman can expect to live about 12 more years. Old age is characterized by multimorbidity, an accumulation of chronic conditions and diseases, and by social isolation. Multimorbidity and isolation (living alone) are the major risk factors for malnutrition. 30-60% of all persons aged 65 years and over show one or more subnormal nutritional parameters. The unspecific and oligosymptomatic clinical picture of malnutrition in the elderly often hinders an early diagnosis, and malnutrition is often misdiagnosed as "wasting away syndrome" of the old. Thus, the nutritional assessment of the elderly should become a routine diagnostic procedure. Detection of malnutrition involves assessment of nutritional parameters including history (eating habits, appetite), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference), serum proteins (albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, retinol binding protein), vitamins (B12, folic acid, B1, B2, B6, C and D), minerals and trace elements (zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron), immunologic skin tests and lymphocyte count. Depending on the history and the clinical symptoms, a selected number of these nutritional parameters are assessed. When assessing the nutritional status of the elderly it is important to define the etiologic factors involved. Thus, treatment of underlying causes and refeeding can be streamlined, so that maximum benefit can be obtained for the quality of life of the elderly.
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PMID:[Special aspects of malnutrition in geriatrics]. 787 97

When irradiated with broad-band visible light in the presence of merocyanine 540 (MC540), murine leukemia L1210 cells grown under selenium-deficient conditions (Se(-) cells) accumulated lipid hydroperoxides and lost viability more rapidly than selenium-satisfied (Se(+) cells). These findings suggest that cytoprotection against photoperoxidation and photokilling is mediated at least in part by selenoperoxidase (SePX) action. Similar protection against photoinactivation of an intrinsic membrane enzyme, the Na+,K(+)-ATPase, has been observed. Thus, irradiation of MC540-sensitized Se(-) cells resulted in an immediate and progressive inactivation of ouabain-sensitive Na+,K(+)-ATPase; by contrast, activity loss in Se(+) cells was preceded by a prominent lag. Enzyme photo-inactivation in Se(-) cells was inhibited by ebselen, an SePX mimetic, confirming that SePX(s) is (are) involved in natural protection. Desferrioxamine treatment (iron sequestration/inactivation) resulted in higher hydroperoxide levels and slower Na+,K(+)-ATPase inactivation during MC540/light exposure, whereas ferric-8-hydroxyquinoline treatment (iron supplementation) had the opposite effect. Thus, iron appears to play an important role in both of these processes. In contrast, photoinactivation of another intrinsic enzyme in L1210 cells, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was unaffected by selenium or iron manipulation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that lipid peroxidation plays an important role in the photoinactivation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase, but not AChE. This is consistent with the fact that Na+,K(+)-ATPase's active site lies within the membrane bilayer, whereas AChE's active site lies outside the bilayer.
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PMID:Cytoprotection against merocyanine 540-sensitized photoinactivation of the Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase in leukemia cells: glutathione and selenoperoxidase involvement. 801 11

Thirty-two crossbred (Suffolk x Rambouillet) wether lambs were used to examine the effectiveness of protein source (soybean meal [SBM] or fish meal [FM]) in alleviating decreased performance associated with dietary aflatoxin (AF) in growing lambs. After a 21-d adaptation period to concentrate diets, lambs were assigned to the following dietary treatments: 1) SBM, 0 mg of AF; 2) FM, 0 mg of AF; 3) SBM + 2.5 mg of AF/kg diet; or 4) FM+2.5 mg of AF/kg diet (two lambs/pen; four pens/treatment). Diets were fed 35 d, at which time AF was removed from the diet (except one pen/protein source) and lambs continued on study for an additional 32 d. On d 67, all lambs were killed and necropsied. Average daily gain, feed intake, and gain/feed were similar (P > .10) among lambs fed SBM or FM; however, lambs fed AF had lower (P < .01) feed intakes, daily gain, and gain/feed. Feed intake remained lower (P < .01) after AF was removed from the diet. Aflatoxin elevated (P < .01) aspartate amino transferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities and total protein and cholesterol concentrations while decreasing (P < .05) alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholinesterase, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, iron, and total-iron-binding capacity. Hematocrit, white blood cell count, and prothrombin time increased (P < .01) in lambs fed AF. No AF or protein effects were seen on ruminal VFA, pH, or lymphocyte blastogenesis (P > .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of aflatoxin in growing lambs fed ruminally degradable or escape protein sources. 805 74

alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein, an acute phase reactant synthesised by the liver, has been reported to be increased in neoplastic conditions and reduced in chronic liver disease. We measured serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by a nephelometric method in 186 subjects (112 males, 74 females): 55 had mild chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis and steatofibrosis), 45 cirrhosis, 38 hepatocellular carcinoma, 15 extra-hepatic malignant disease; 33 healthy subjects were used as controls. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant variability among groups (F = 17.08, P = 0.0000). Higher concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were detected in malignant extra-hepatic disease than in all other groups (P < 0.01); concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were higher in hepatocellular carcinoma than in cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis by groups (dependent variable = alpha 1-acid glycoprotein; group 1 = mild chronic liver disease + cirrhosis; group 2 = hepatocellular carcinoma) showed a significant correlation for both group 1 (r = 0.6264, F = 8.005, P = 0.0000) and group 2 (r = 0.8947, F = 13.643, P = 0.0000). The significant standardised regression coefficients were: cholinesterase, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase and iron (negative) for regression upon group 1; C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antiproteinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, iron (negative) for regression upon group 2. A difference between the 2 regression equation coefficients was detected (F = 5.209, P = 0.0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increase of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein despite the decline of liver synthetic function in cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma. 810 7

In this study we determined acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). AChE was localized in rat brain sections by a histochemical reaction that produced a Cu-ferricyanide precipitate. This reaction is based on the hydrolysis of acetylcholine substrate with AChE. The copper (iron) concentration in the deposit is proportional to acetylcholine involved in the hydrolysis reaction. Absolute determination of the size of the reaction was calculated from EPMA measurements compared with those made from a dextran standard containing a known amount of Cu(Fe). Electron probe microanalysis allows AChE activity to be assayed quantitatively on thick brain sections with a spatial resolution of 10 microns.
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PMID:Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain sections. 824 28

Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated and fumonisin B1 (FB1)-contaminated (culture material from Fusarium moniliforme) diets were fed singly and in combination to growing cross-bred barrows. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each; mean body weight, 17.5 kg) per group were fed: 0 mg of AF and 0 mg of FB1/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF plus 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed for 35 days. The effects on production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic measurements were evaluated. Body weight, gain, and feed consumption were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AF and AF plus FB1 diets. The FB1 diet decreased feed consumption, and although body weight was numerically decreased, it was not statistically significant. Aflatoxin increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and total iron concentration and decreased urea nitrogen concentration and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. The FB1-alone diet increased serum GGT activity, whereas the AF plus FB1 diet increased serum aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities, increased RBC count, triglycerides, and total iron concentrations, and decreased unsaturated iron-binding capacity and urea nitrogen concentration. For the most part, the effects of the AF plus FB1 diet on body weight and hematologic measurements could be considered additive. However, the effect of the AF plus FB1 diet on cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities was greater than additive and was a synergistic response. One pig in the FB1-diet group and 2 pigs in the combination-diet group died. Postmortem lesions in pigs of the FB1-diet group consisted of ascites and increased liver weight. Observations at necropsy for pigs of the AF plus FB1-diet group consisted of hydrothorax, ascites, pulmonary edema, gastric erosions and ulceration, and increased liver and spleen weights. The AF diet increased relative liver weight and resulted in liver that was pale, rubbery, and resistant to cutting. Histologic lesions consisted of hepatic necrosis or degeneration, or both, with variable degrees of bile duct proliferation in barrows of the AF-diet groups. Renal tubular nephrosis was observed in barrows of the FB1-diet group, but this was not consistent in the AF plus FB1-diet group. Cell-mediated immunity, as measured by mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic stimulation index, was decreased in barrows of the AF and FB1-diet groups, and values in barrows given the combination diet were significantly decreased from those in barrows given the single toxin diets. It was concluded that AF and FB1 (from culture material), singly or in combination, can adversely affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values and induce lesions in growing barrows. For most of the variables we evaluated under our study conditions and dosages of toxins, measurements were affected more by the combination diet than by either single toxin diet, and the toxic responses could be described as additive or more than additive, particularly for induction of liver disease.
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PMID:Influence of aflatoxin and fumonisin B1-containing culture material on growing barrows. 859 31

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate if there was a statistical correlation between allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative infections, and if this could have a dose-dependent pattern. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses. On hospital admission the following parameters were determined in 267 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer: hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum cholinesterase activity, total iron binding capacity and weight loss. Duration of operation, operative blood loss, amount of transfused blood, Dukes' cancer stage and occurrence of postoperative infections were also recorded. One hundred and thirty-two patients (49.4%) were given perioperatively allogeneic blood. Postoperative infections developed in 47 (17.6%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified allogeneic blood transfusion as the only variable related to the occurrence of postoperative infections (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the risk for the occurrence of infection was significantly higher in patients transfused one unit of blood (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant trend between increasing number of transfused blood units and susceptibility to infection was found (p < 0.00019).
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PMID:A single unit of transfused allogeneic blood increases postoperative infections. 891 60


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