Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. This study analyzes the frequency of malnutrition in surgical patients with solid and operable tumors, the relation to the type of tumor and stage of the disease. In addition, the clinical value of the measurements carried out is discussed. The analysis was performed in 100 cancer patients (34 gastric cancer, 56 colorectal cancer, and 10 breast cancer). The nutritional assessment included individual dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The results were compared with international standards or normal plasma concentrations respectively. Most patients suffered from an alternation of the nutritional parameters indicating malnutrition, mostly Kwashiorkor-Marasmus Mix. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer showed more often a decline of the nutritional status than patients with breast cancer. Malnutrition became more severe with advanced disease. The parameters examined revealed varying significance with respect to the assessment of the nutritional status. Some measurements showed little clinical importance; the reasons are discussed.
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PMID:[Significance of the nutritional status of surgical patients]. 393 Sep 1

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. In 100 patients with solid and operable tumours nutritional assessment with different types of measurements (dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests) was performed. Individual abnormal nutritional measurements were compared with the incidence of complications postoperatively, which were found in 32 out of 95 patients. These complications appeared more often in correlation with the decline of nutritional status. However, we could not prove a statistically significant correlation between the examined parameters themselves and the incidence or lack, respectively, of postoperative complications. Possible reasons are discussed.
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PMID:[Reduced nutritional status of the surgical tumor patient--a risk factor for postoperative complications?]. 393 Sep 2

The South African Ashkenazi Jewish population is described in terms of the prevailing frequencies of the genes at 25 red cell enzyme and serum protein loci and 4 placental enzyme loci. Variation was encountered in 23 of these systems. The Tay-Sachs allele which occurs at polymorphic frequencies in Ashkenazi populations was found at a frequency of 0.022, which suggests that approximately 1 baby with Tay-Sachs disease could be expected out of every 2,000 born in this community should preventive measures not be taken. The atypical serum pseudocholinesterase cholinesterase allele was encountered at a relatively low frequency and instances of scoline apnoea would be expected to occur only during approximately 1 out of every 10,000 surgical operations performed. A single case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was discovered during the survey. In general, the allele frequencies in the systems studied do not differ radically from those of Ashkenazi populations living in other parts of the world. In accordance with other Ashkenazi populations, the frequencies of certain alleles in our samples provide support for the belief that the Ashkenazim have their origin in the Middle East.
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PMID:A genetic profile of the South African Ashkenazi Jewish population. 408 27

Eight hematologic parameter values, 16 serum biochemical constituents, serum protein fractions and albumin-globulin ratios were determined in blood samples obtained from 879 normal, healthy Beagle dogs of both sexes which had been reproduced and bred in our laboratories. The blood samples were collected from the Beagles that ranged in monthly ages from 1 to 12 and in monthly ages from 13 to 121, which were classified as the adult class. As a result, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volumes increased with growth. Red blood cell parameters of normal Beagles in our laboratories were rather higher than those in literatures presented by many other researchers. MCV decreased and MCHC increased gradually with age. Total serum protein concentrations increased with growth. alpha 1-1 and alpha 1-2 Globulin fractions descended, but beta 2 and gamma globulin fractions ascended in serum proteins. Alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and glucose concentrations decreased conspicuously with growth. Leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations decreased slightly. Serum cholinesterase and LDH activities showed a tendency to diminish similarly. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations multiplied gradually. Hematologic parameters became almost steady in our 7-month-old dogs or older ones and serum biochemical constituents had a tendency to be stable in our 7- to 9-month-old dogs or older ones in the blood. White blood cell counts, alkaline phosphatase activities, inorganic phosphorus concentrations, glucose concentrations, leucine aminopeptidase activities and calcium concentrations were lowest in the adult class.
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PMID:[Successive changes in the blood composition of experimental normal beagle dogs associated with age]. 408 64

This study analyzed the nutritional status of cancer patients in relation to type and site of origin of the tumor, stage of disease, and previous chemical or radiation therapy. The analysis was performed on 321 patients (280 with cancer and 41 controls). The nutritional parameters included per cent of weight loss, anthropometric indices (arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference), creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and cholinesterase, C3 and C4 components of complement, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters.
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PMID:Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients. 709 67

Sciatin, a glycoprotein purified from chicken sciatic nerves, has been shown to have trophic effects on chicken skeletal muscle cells in culture. Since we recently observed pronounced structural similarities between sciatin and chicken serum transferrin [Markelonis et al, 1982a], we decided to investigate the muscle growth-promoting activity of transferrin on cultured muscle cells. Serum transferrin was isolated by the same protocol used to purify sciatin, viz., affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-agarose followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The serum protein recovered by this purification scheme was indistinguishable immunologically from sciatin as evidenced by a positive precipitin reaction against goat anti-sciatin serum on double immunodiffusion in agar. Purified serum transferrin had myotrophic effects identical to those of sciatin when added to skeletal muscle cells in vitro. For example, even when chicken embryo extract--a constituent normally required for chicken muscle cell differentiation in vitro--was omitted from culture medium, either serum transferrin or sciatin promoted myogenesis in culture as measured by a stimulation of the fusion index. Furthermore, both proteins caused a significant increase in the level of protein synthesis, the number of acetylcholine receptors and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in treated muscle cultures. By contrast, commercially obtained ovotransferrin (conalbumin) or FeSO4 (100 microM) were unable to fully support myogenesis of skeletal muscle in vitro if embryo extract was omitted from the culture medium. From these data, we conclude that the neuronal myotrophic protein sciatin is both structurally and biologically related to serum transferrin. Furthermore, we suggest that sciatin may represent a neuronal form of this iron-transport protein.
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PMID:Chicken serum transferrin duplicates the myotrophic effects of sciatin on cultured muscle cells. 715 28

The binding capacities of SHBG and CBG were measured by agar gel electrophoresis in 63 men with cirrhosis of the liver and in 42 healthy male subjects. The normal range (X- +/- 2s) for SHBG was 8.3-17.1 microgram/l, for CBG 46.4-82.8 micrograms/l. SHBG binding capacity was significantly higher in men with liver cirrhosis (mean 18;1 microgram/l; p less than 0.001) but CBG binding capacity was significantly lower (mean 49.7 microgram/l; p less than 0.001). Although SHBG was lower in patients with decreased CBG binding capacity, a correlation between both steroid binding proteins did not exist. Moreover, there was no correlation between SHBG or CBG on one hand and other parameters of hepatic protein synthesis such as serum protein concentration, cholinesterase activity and the coagulation factors V and VII on the other hand. In contrast to liver cirrhosis, 12 patients with fatty liver and 11 patients with toxic fibrosis of the liver did not reveal changes in SHBG or CBG. Treatment with spironolactone (200 mg daily for one week in 9 subjects) did not change the steroid binding capacity of human serum.
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PMID:[Binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin in serum of male patients with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. 718 44

Corticosteroids, as far as they are not being used as endocrinological substitutes, are usually prescribed in combination therapy with other non-steroidal drugs in order to cut down on the well known side-effects of a steroid therapy. Most of the patients needing cortisone derivatives also require additional drugs to therapy other diseases of which they are suffering at the same time. Because of this fact, the possibility of drug interactions is indeed a great one. Even though, theoretically, these may be numerous, however, only a few are of practical relevancy. Caution is recommended when simultaneously giving corticosteroids and barbiturates, anticonvulsive agents, rifampicin, cholinesterase inhibitors, non-steroid antirheumatics, and last, but not least, saluretics and laxatives. Patients having low serum protein levels must also receive lower cortisone dosage.
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PMID:[Drug interactions with corticoids]. 730 46

Endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF), an inhibitor of membrane Na+/K(+)-ATPase, is discussed to be involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhogenic portal hypertension, ascites formation and development of functional hepatorenal failure. Therefore, we investigated the serum content of this mediator in patients with liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh stage A, B, and C (n = 27) by means of enzyme immunoassay with a specific digoxin antibody. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was performed in order to find out correlations between signs of cell injury, cholestasis, synthetic cell function, ascites formation, and hepatorenal failure. Our results demonstrate that EDLF is significantly elevated in Child C cirrhosis (0.61 +/- 0.15 ng/ml) in comparison to Child A cirrhosis (0.013 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) and is also higher than in Child B cirrhosis (0.23 +/- 0.25 ng/ml). In patients without ascites EDLF (0.056 +/- 0.19 ng/ml) differs significantly from that of patients with non-complicated ascites (0.156 +/- 0.176 ng/ml) and from that of patients with therapy refractory ascites (0.66 +/- 0.17 ng/ml) or hepatorenal failure (1.56 ng/ml). There are no correlations between EDLF and renal function. Significant correlations were demonstrated for cholestasis (serum bilirubin), synthesis function (serum protein, Quick's value, cholinesterase, fibrinogen, albumin), and the degree of portasystemic encephalopathy (number connection test). We conclude that EDLF may act as a mediator in the process of progressive portal hypertension and its complications due to cirrhosis. This process of progression is caused by the inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase, vasoconstriction, and endothelin secretion.
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PMID:[Endogenous digitalis-like factor in liver cirrhosis and cholestasis]. 748 6

The relation of small intestinal dysfunction and malnutrition (body composition and serum index parameters of nutrition) was investigated in 36 male patients with AIDS. Mucosal absorptive capacity was assessed by the 25 g D-xylose test. D-xylose absorption (2 h - serum profile and 5 h - urine) classified 17 patients as having impaired and 19 patients as having normal absorption. In both groups body weight, body mass index as well as body composition analysis indicated malnutrition when compared to healthy male controls (n = 340) or asymptomatic HIV-infected patients (n = 26). Patients with abnormal D-xylose test had more severe malnutrition indicated by a lower body cell mass (17.7 +/- 5.4 vs. 22.5 +/- 4.5 kg; p < 0.01) and an increased ratio of extracellular mass to body cell mass (1.99 +/- 0.82 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.46 p < 0.01). Total serum protein, albumin, cholinesterase activity, cholesterol and LDL were significantly diminished in AIDS-patients with abnormal D-xylose test compared to those with normal D-xylose absorption. Intestinal dysfunction indicated by decreased D-xylose Intestinal dysfunction indicated by decreased D-xylose absorption thus represents an important feature of malnutrition and wasting, and patients with abnormal D-xylose absorption have more profound impairment of body composition, visceral proteins and lipids reflecting malnutrition than patients with unaffected intestinal absorption.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption and malnutrition in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 829 Dec 78


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