Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Erythrocyte and serum enzyme system in the Gagu of the Ivory Coast have been investigated. Some systems (e.g. PGM) differ little between the subdivisions of the Gagu group, but others differ considerably (e.g. G6PD variants). In general the red cell enzyme frequencies fall within the range of variation characteristic of African populations. Serum cholinesterase variants are present only at low frequency, and the distribution of alkaline phosphatase phenotype shows the expected correlation with ABO blood groups.
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PMID:Polymorphism of erythrocyte and serum enzyme systems in the Gagu of the Ivory Coast. 18 37

Blood samples collected in a single Pygmy tribe, the Aka, living in Bokoka district (Central African Empire) were investigated with respect to the phenotype and gene frequencies of the following 12 enzyme systems: acid phosphatase, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, carbonic anhydrase, esterase D, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase 1, phosphoglucomutase 2, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and serum cholinesterase variants (locus E1 and E2). The data obtained in the study of genetic polymorphisms of this isolated and inbred population show a specific pattern with the following characteristics: the very low frequency of PGDB and pa alleles; the existence of two rare PGM variants at the PGM2 locus, typical PGM26Pyg (4.2%) and PGM29 (0.2%); the high frequency of the pr allele (10.8%) and CAII2 (8.22%) and ESD2 genes (18.4%). Furthermore, at the G6PD locus four distinct alleles have been found: the negroid GdA- (4%) and GdA+ (16%), the common GdB+ (79.2%)--, and the rare Gd+Ibadan Austin (0.7%). Cholinesterase typings disclosed the presence of the uncommon E1f and E1s genes distributed within a single breeding unit. The results are compared with other data previously reported on South African Khoisan and some Negroid populations; the particular genetic background of Pygmies is discussed.
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PMID:Population genetic studies of the Aka pygmies (Central Africa): a survey of red cell and serum enzymes. 46 35

Increased accumulation of muscle-specific isozyme (MSI) of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) occurs with development and indicates muscle fiber maturation. The expression of MSIs of those four enzymes is greatly enhanced in innervated-contracting as compared to noninnervated and noncontracting cultured human muscle fibers. We have now studied the effect of contractile activity on developmental accumulation of MSIs in innervated-contracting, innervated-paralyzed (2 microM tetrodotoxin for 30 days), and noninnervated-noncontracting cultured human muscle fibers. Muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and total enzyme activities were also studied under the same conditions. We observed a different dependency on contractile activity between total enzymatic activities of CK, LDH, and AChE, which were substantially reduced after paralysis, and GP and PGAM, which were unchanged. The expression of MSIs of CK, GP, PGAM, and LDH was always significantly increased in innervated as compared to noninnervated fibers. While the expression of MSIs of GP and PGAM was the same in contracting-innervated and paralyzed-innervated muscle fibers, the expression of MSIs of CK and LDH in paralyzed-innervated muscle fibers was very slightly decreased as compared to their contracting-innervated controls. Our studies demonstrate that in human muscle: (1) total enzymatic activities and the expression of MSIs of GP and PGAM are regulated by neuronal effect(s); (2) total enzymatic activities of CK, LDH, and AChE depend mainly on muscle contractile activity; and (3) MSIs of CK and LDH are regulated predominantly by neuronal factors and to a much lesser degree by muscle contractile activity.
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PMID:Paralysis of innervated cultured human muscle fibers affects enzymes differentially. 215 94

The enzyme activities of cultured early erythroid progenitor cells (burst-forming unit erythroid, BFU-E) were measured and were compared with the activities of mature erythrocytes. The enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase was not detectable in the erythroblasts. The ratios of phosphofructokinase and glutathione peroxidase were low due to low enzyme activities in both the erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and adenylate kinase were low due to high enzyme activities in both the erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, monophosphoglyceromutase, pyruvate kinase, and adenosine deaminase were high due to high enzyme activities in the erythroblasts. The isozyme of erythroblast hexokinase was of the prototype isozyme I, while pyruvate kinase was predominantly of the prototype M2, with two hybrid isozymes to the anodal side by electrophoresis. These facts suggest that there is a greatly different metabolic pattern during the maturation of the erythroid cells.
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PMID:Enzyme activities of cultured erythroblasts. 403 55

1. The action of beryllium on the following enzymes has been examined: alkaline phosphatase (Escherichia coli and kidney), acid phosphatase, phosphoprotein phosphatase, apyrase (potato), adenosine triphosphatase (liver nuclei, liver mitochondria, brain microsomes), glucose 6-phosphatase, polysaccharide phosphorylases a and b, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, phosphoglyceromutase, ribonuclease, A-esterase (rabbit serum), cholinesterase (horse serum), chymotrypsin. Alkaline phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase are inhibited by 1mum-beryllium sulphate whereas the other enzymes are largely unaffected by 1mm-beryllium sulphate. 2. Possible mechanisms for the inhibition of phosphoglucomutase and alkaline phosphatase are discussed.
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PMID:The inhibition of enzymes by beryllium. 428 87

To investigate the features of erythrocyte metabolism in extremely immature infants, we assayed 21 enzyme activities and glutathione level in cord erythrocytes from 28 extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWI; defined as birth weight <1,000 g). The results were compared with those from normal adults and non-neonatal reticulocyte-rich controls. Statistical analysis revealed that activities of six enzymes (glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, monophosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione reductase) were significantly higher, and those of eight other enzymes (phosphofructokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glutathione peroxidase, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, acetylcholinesterase, NADH methemoglobin reductase, and catalase) were lower in ELBWI taking their marked reticulocytosis into consideration. The 6PGD/G6PD ratio, which is consistently unchanged under various physiological and pathological conditions, was markedly reduced in ELBWI. Our results support the previous reports that neonatal erythrocytes have a unique metabolic pattern which is different from that of adult erythrocytes, and also suggest that the 6PGD/G6PD ratio might be an index for the developmental immaturity of fetal erythrocytes. This is the first report describing the pattern of erythrocyte enzyme activities in ELBWI.
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PMID:Erythrocyte enzyme activities in cord blood of extremely low-birth-weight infants. 1050 2