Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
 ...
PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

The paper provides comparative data of the localization of histochemical reactions demonstrating the activities of alpha-glycerophosphate and succinate dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, non-specific esterases and non-specific acetylcholinesterase in the C cells of thyroids of 26 animals belonging to 5 rodent species. The family Muridae is represented by the Wistar albino rat and albino mouse, the family Microtidae by the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber 1780), the field vole Microtus agrestis L. 1761, and the pine vole Pitymys subterraneus De Selys-Longchamps 1825. The observed enzyme activity differences were most conspicuous on comparing the rat and mouse thyroids and in a much less degree the Microtidae thyroids. Among the histochemical reactions tested that for succinate dehydrogenase proved to be least effective as a C cell marker, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase being better, and acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases the best (not in the rat thyroid). The reaction for non-specific cholinesterase (with some limitations) gave satisfactory results in the C cells of all animal's thyroids. The present paper continues earlier studies [19] on the morphology of the C cells in thyroid glands of the rodents of the families Muridae and Microtidae and aims at supplementing them with histochemical data of enzymic activities. It deals with enzyme reactions that are employed as C cell markers in Mammals other than Rodents.
 ...
PMID:Enzymic markers of thyroid C cells in some rodents. 34 Mar 63

Activity of redox enzymes, and of mediator-inactivated enzymes in the neurosecretory cells of the anterior hypothalamus under hydration and dehydration conditions of the rabbit organism was investigated by the histochemical methods. The activity of the Krebs' cycle enzymes and of the electron transport system responded by an increased activity to dehydration and by decreased one to hydration. The activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased as compared to the control in both cases. Changes in the monoamine oxidase activity diminished in dehydration and rose in hydration. As to acetylcholinesterase -- the changes in its activity had a reciprocal character.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of hydration and dehydration of the bodies of animals on bioenergetic and mediator processes in the neurosecretory cells of the anterior hypothalamus]. 72 22

The histochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) was studied in the area dentata and hippocampus proper of the human brain. Although differences did exist, there were many features in common with the distribution of these two enzymes in the rat and guinea pig. The laminar chemoarchitectonic picture was not as distinct in the human brain as in the rat and guinea pig. Most of the AChE reaction products were confined to the neuropil, with the strongest staining intensity in supra- and infrapyramidal zones. The layer of mossy fibres (stratum lucidum), was characteristically pale. On the other hand, AChE-positive cell bodies were observed in the hilus of the area dentata and a few scattered cells in the hippocampus proper. The AChE reaction products were sparse in the pyramidal cells, conforming similar observations in the rat and guinea pig. Based on our previous description of the AChE-positive cell bodies and fibres in the human septum and a considerable body of experimental material obtained in the rat, it is suggested that most of the AChE in the dentate area and the hippocampus proper is confined to terminals of cholinergic septal efferents in both man and other species. alpha-GPDH was particularly reactive in the cell layers, hilus fasciae dentatae and the layer of mossy fibers. These observations are similar to those described for the rat and guinea pig. They indicate, furthermore, a particular metabolic property common to the archicortex of man and other species.
 ...
PMID:Some enzyme histochemical characteristics of the human hippocampus. 88 17

Light and electron microscopic histochemical reactions were studied in the cells of pars intermedia of the rat. The possible correlations between enzymatic reactions and endocrine functions of these cells were discussed. By combined formaldehyde and chloral vapour treatment the cells of the pars intermedia exhibited a strong yellow fluorescence suggesting the presence of a peptide or peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan. Masked metachromasia after acid hydrolysis was probably due to these peptides. Only a weak or no alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase activity was observed in the cells of pars intermedia compared to the cells of pars distalis suggesting low production rate of hormone synthesis. Specific and non-specific cholinesterases were demonstrated light and electron microscopically constantly in the cells bordering the lobules. These cells probably represent a certain type of glial cells. In the other cells the enzymatic activities varied markedly in intensity and distribution showing different ultrastructural localizations. Thus cholinesterase activities in the cells of pars intermedia reflect possibly different functional stages of the cells in their hormone production, storage and secretion processes.
 ...
PMID:Observations on the functional cytochemistry of pars intermedia of the rat hypophysis. 124 48

The thyroid gland of guinea pigs were studied morphologically. Histochemical methods were used for detection of lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The distribution of "C"-cells in normal thyroid glands was proved to be uneven. In the center of the gland they were more numerous. For statistical investigations the method of silver impregnation of "C"-cells is more practicable, since they can not be obviously distinguished from acinar cells on the basis of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase only. The activity of cholinestarase in "C"-cells and in some other cells of folliculi epithelium is very high. A supposition is made that there exist two kinds of the follicular lining thyrocytes, having different histochemical properties and histogenesis as well.
 ...
PMID:[Histochemical studies of several "K"-cell enzymes in guinea pig thyroid glands]. 125 32

In the structures of the nucleus supraopticus, changes of the activity of some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, butyrylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in rat brains exposed to high supralethal doses of gamma radiation at early time interval after irradiation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increased in the wall of blood capillaries after irradiation with 50, 150, 500 Gy. The dose of 500 Gy induced the most pronounced activity. These membrane enzymes are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. The activity of acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific esterase and thiamine pyrophosphatase increased in magnocellular neurons after irradiation with all doses of gamma radiation. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase showed a decreased activity in neurons, neuropil and capillaries.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on the nucleus supraopticus. 183 85

A three-dimensional reconstruction of high endothelial venules (HE-venules) of an entire mouse lymph node is presented. The reconstruction has been made by means of the histochemical technique for alpha-naphthylacetate esterase. The course of the HE-venules is shown in coherence with lymphocytic aggregates (follicles and unit), which were concomitantly reconstructed. Carbonic anhydrase, glutamate-, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were found in the high endothelia, while calcium-stimulated NA+, K+ ATP-ase and the acetylcholinesterase were localized to the endothelia and/or to the perivascular sheath of the HE-venules and submarginal capillaries.
 ...
PMID:A three-dimensional reconstruction of high endothelial venules in the mouse lymph node: an enzyme-histochemical study. 293 5

The data obtained in mice with experimental thyrotoxic myopathy included a decrease in the median diameter of the muscle fibers by 17.1 per cent and various focal degenerative changes in less than 20 per cent of the muscle fibers; a statistically significant elevation in the activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, as well as a reduction in phosphorylase activity and glycogen levels. There was also a significant diminution in the median diameter of the motor terminal plates, a decrease in cholinesterase activity and intensified collateral ramification of the distal axons. The major cause of the muscular weakness and structural changes in the skeletal muscles in thyrotoxic myopathy seems to lie in lowered cAMP concentrations and a weakened cAMP-dependent regulation of protein kinase.
 ...
PMID:[Pathogenesis of experimental thyrotoxic myopathy]. 624 Aug 78

1. Microsomes of rat liver and brain and mitochondria of rat liver and guinea-pig brown adipose tissue were solubilized with the nonionic detergent Lubrol-WX and the solubilized material was incorporated into liposomes of various phospholipid composition. In proteoliposomes thus formed the kinetics of arylsulphatase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase were measured. 2. It was shown that the apparent Km values of arylsulphatase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were higher in liposomes prepared with negatively charged phospholipids and lower in liposomes containing positively charged organic amines, as compared with th Km value of enzymes incorporated into liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholine alone. The opposite was true for monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase, i.e. enzymes possessing cationic substrates. Phospholipid composition did not essentially influence the activity of the enzymes extrapolated for infinite substrate concentration (V values). 3. As compared with proteoliposomes made from phosphatidylcholine, the binding constant (Ka) of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonate was higher when the vesicles contained acidic phospholipids or bis(hexadecanyl)phosphate and lower when they contained organic amines. 4. A correlation between changes of the surface potential calculated from Ka values of anilino-naphthalene sulphonate and variations in apparent Km values of the four enzymes under investigation indicates that the activity of membrane-bound enzymes may be modulated by charged phospholipids due to decreasing or increasing substrate concentration in the unstirred layer, as predicted from the Boltzmann distribution.
 ...
PMID:Effect of phospholipid composition on the surface potential of liposomes and the activity of enzymes incorporated. 677 95


1