Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transsynaptic induction of the monoamine transporter present on the membrane of chromaffin granules was studied in primary cultures of dissociated bovine adrenomedullary cells submitted to a chronic secretory stimulation. The amount of the vesicular monoamine transporter was assayed by binding of the specific ligand [3H]-dihydrotetrabenazine. After several days of incubation in the presence of high potassium, the concentration of [3H]-dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites was increased by a 1.5-2.5 factor. This increase was smaller in the presence of the cholinergic agonist carbachol. The long-term inductions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, of tyrosine hydroxylase, and of acetylcholinesterase were of similar magnitude. Under the same conditions, we found no variation in either the activities of other catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (dopamine beta-hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase), or in metabolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and a decrease in the cellular content of chromogranin A and cytochrome b-561. The induction of the vesicular monoamine transporter was inhibited by the calcium channel antagonists, fluspirilene and nifedipine, and was increased by the agonist Bay K 8644. It was abolished by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. These results indicate that calcium entry into chromaffin cells increases the synthesis of the vesicular monoamine transporter, presumably by transcriptional activation. Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration or activation of protein kinase C also induced an increase in the expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter. Our results confirm that components of storage vesicle membranes are differentially regulated in response to secretory stimulation, as are several cytosolic or intravesicular soluble proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of the chromaffin granule catecholamine transporter in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells: stimulus-biosynthesis coupling. 127 22

In 48 and 30 workers exposed to styrene and formaldehyde respectively activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were determined. Hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and serum haptoglobin levels were also determined. Significant decrease in erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in workers exposed to styrene for 61-180 months was stated. Moreover, increased erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase activity and decreased serum haptoglobin level was found in workers exposed to formaldehyde for 3-24 months. There were no differences in basic hematological parameters and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in both groups studied as compared to the control group.
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PMID:[Activity of selected enzymes of peripheral blood erythrocytes and serum haptoglobin levels in workers occupationally exposed to styrene and formaldehyde]. 130 56

A simple and rapid low speed density gradient centrifugation method has been described to isolate relatively pure synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria from rat brain cerebral cortex. The purity of the fractions isolated were tested biochemically by considering some marker enzymes, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase, plasma membrane Na+K+ATPase and acetylcholinesterase for the synaptosomes and succinate dehydrogenase for the mitochondrial fraction. The adrenergic receptor properties in the synaptosomal membrane were evaluated by observing the effect of different beta- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists as function of synaptic plasma membrane Na+K+ATPase activity. Isoproterenol (beta-agonist) and yohimbine (alpha 2-antagonist)-induced changes in the synaptosomal Na+K+ATPase activity were counteracted by beta-antagonist propranolol and alpha 2-agonist clonidine, respectively. In the non-synaptic mitochondria the corresponding effects were insignificant. The study illustrates an easy, rapid and low-speed preparatory method to obtain synaptosomal and non-synaptic mitochondrial fractions of high purity.
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PMID:A simple biochemical approach to differentiate synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria from rat brain. 133 69

A health surveillance study in 22 healthy spraymen showed significant T-wave changes (including inversion) in most of the limb leads and chest leads following 5 d exposure to methomyl, a carbamate pesticide. Significant changes in plasma cholinesterase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were also noticed. The ECG changes could be reproduced in rabbits and were dose dependent. This type of ECG change following exposure to a carbamate compound is reported for the first time in occupationally-exposed subjects. The study results indicate that these changes are probably directly related to methomyl rather than its toxicity through cholinesterase inhibition. The significance of these changes remain to be investigated.
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PMID:Cardiac toxicity following short-term exposure to methomyl in spraymen and rabbits. 134 26

The rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) was exposed to copper (Cu) for short (48 hr) and long (8 weeks) terms and effects on enzyme activities and biochemical variables in the blood and tissues were examined. In vivo exposure to 571 micrograms CuSO4/liter (96-hr median tolerance limit (TLm)) for 48 hr stimulated to varying degrees acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) (except in the liver), and acetylcholinesterase activities in selected tissues. The alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (except in the heart) activities were inhibited to varying degrees in vivo. In vitro, the presence of 10(-6) M Cu suppressed enzyme activities in the tissues examined, with a few exceptions such as AcP in ovaries and gut, AlP in liver, gills, gut, and testes, and LDH in liver. Hyperglycemia, hyperlactemia, hyperproteinemia, elevated blood free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and hypocholesterolemia were manifested in the fish exposed to 190 micrograms CuSO4/liter (1/3 96-hr TLm). Effects on the tissues included glycogenolysis (liver and skeletal muscles), glycogenesis (brain and heart), a marked rise in hepatic proteins, accumulation of FFAs in liver and skeletal muscles, and reduction in hepatic and gonadal cholesterol contents. After 8 weeks, a trend toward recovery was noted in the biochemical variables (except blood and hepatic protein levels).
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PMID:Short- and long-term effects of copper on the rosy barb (Puntius conchonius Ham.). 137 34

The gelatin-starch syrup microencapsulation method was applied to subacute toxicity studies of tribromomethane (TBM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM). Groups of Wistar rats (7 males and 7 females) both sexes were given diet containing microcapsules of each of these trihalomethanes (THMs) at the following concentrations: TBM, 0.068, 0.204 and 0.612% in males, and 0.072, 0.217 and 0.651% in females; DBCM, 0.020, 0.062 and 0.185% in males, and 0.038, 0.113 and 0.338% in females; BDCM, 0.024, 0.072 and 0.215% in males, and 0.024, 0.076 and 0.227% in females. Suppression of body weight gain was seen in each high-dose males fed TBM or BDCM and females fed DBCM or BDCM. Histopathologically, hepatic lesions such as vacuolization and swelling of liver cells were significantly noted in both sexes of all groups fed TBM, in both sexes of the middle- and high-dose groups fed DBCM, and in males of the high-dose group and in females of the middle- and high-dose groups fed BDCM. In addition, single cell necroses were observed in males and females fed DBCM and in males fed BDCM. Hepatic cord abnormalities were also noted in males of the high-dose group fed BDCM. Although no increases in serum transaminase activities (ASAT, ALAT) were evident in either sex fed any of the THMs, decreases in triglyceride content, cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed. Renal lesions reported to occur in gavage studies were not found in the present feeding study. Lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of TBM and no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of DBCM and BDCM were determined to be 56.4 mg/kg, 18.3 mg/kg and 20.6 mg/kg, respectively, under the present experimental conditions.
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PMID:Toxicities of microencapsulated tribromomethane, dibromochloromethane and bromodichloromethane administered in the diet to Wistar rats for one month. 145 97

Total serum protein, serum albumin, total urine protein excretion, and the serum activity of several enzymes--aldolase (ALS), cholinesterase (CHS), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)--were estimated in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 30 days after a single injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). It was found that: (a) total serum protein and serum albumin diminished on day 4 and returned to control values on days 20 and 30, respectively; (b) total urine protein excretion rose on day 4, reached a peak value on day 8, and then fell substantially but still remained higher than control values on day 30; (c) ALS and CHS activities increased; (d) LAP, ICD, and AST activities showed a biphasic pattern, first increasing and then decreasing; (e) ALT, LDH, HBD, CK, and ALP activities decreased; and (f) GGT activity remained unchanged. The differences in the profiles of the enzyme activities suggest their independent regulation in experimental NS induced by PAN.
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PMID:Activity of serum enzymes in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome. 146 3

Seventy-one male and 52 female F 344 rats with leukemia used as controls in the 30-month inhalation studies were characterized by hematological and clinico-biochemical findings. Hematological findings revealed that the leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased in both sexes of leukemic rats showing profound anemia, while the platelet count, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration decreased. In these rats, the serum levels of low density lipoprotein, free cholesterol, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and triglyceride and the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase increased markedly and the level of high density lipoprotein, the oxygen partial pressure, and the cholinesterase activity decreased. Clinical signs such as decrease in redness of the eyes, decrease in body weight, abdominal distension, staining of the public region, and debility were seen in most leukemic animals. These clinical signs and hematological and clinico-biochemical findings may be helpful in diagnosis of leukemia in long-term experiments.
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PMID:Hematological and clinico-biochemical characteristics of leukemia in Fischer 344 rats. 150 22

The orientation of the enzyme Mg(2+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) in the transverse tubule (TT) membranes of skeletal muscle was investigated using highly purified chicken and rabbit TT vesicles. The percentage of sealed vesicles present in these preparations averaged 88 and 78%, respectively, as calculated from the detergent-induced increase in ouabain-sensitive (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity, ATP-dependent ouabain binding, and lactate dehydrogenase activity (sarcoplasmic enzyme trapped in the TT vesicles). Sidedness of the sealed vesicles, estimated from latency of 5'-nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, and adenylate cyclase, was predominantly right-side out (69-76%, chicken TT and 62-70%, rabbit TT). In both chicken and rabbit native vesicles, high Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was detected by addition of ATP to the extravesicular medium; this activity was increased 14-12% by alamethicin pointing to the external localization of the active site. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity resulted partially inhibited by treatment of the chicken TT vesicles with proteinase K or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Concanavalin A stimulated 4-fold the chicken TT Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, an effect not potentiated by detergent permeabilization of the intact vesicles, indicating that lectin-binding sites were also solvent accessible. This stimulatory effect was not observed in native or permeabilized rabbit TT vesicles. From these results we conclude that the TT Mg(2+)-ATPase is an ectoenzyme with its nucleotide-hydrolyzing site and glycosylated regions facing the extracellular space. Inhibitors of ion-motive ATPases did not modify the enzyme activity, suggesting a different physiological role for the TT Mg(2+)-ATPase which may be involved in the regulation of muscle fiber functions affected by extracellular ATP levels.
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PMID:Transverse tubule Mg(2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle. Evidence for extracellular orientation of the chicken and rabbit enzymes. 166 Apr 76

Looking for a possible protective effect of heavy water on proteins, cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase in combination with D2O and further protective substances were exposed to a temperature of 60 degrees C (for 10 min) and about 45 degrees C (for several days). In combination with glycerine there resulted an additive protective effect; with NaCl and/or albumin being added the individual effects raised to a higher level. In the cold D2O protects cholinesterase only against acid denaturation, but in combination with warmth also against basic denaturation.
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PMID:[Heavy water (D2O) as a protective protein containing medium. Example: human cholinesterase]. 166 Nov 14


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