Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in kidney homogenates, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities in liver homogenates, and cholinesterase activity in brain homogenates were determined in nonpregnant and pregnant guinea pigs exposed to absorption through the skin of the epoxy resin triethylenetetramine. Elevated activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the kidneys of pregnant animals, and aspartate aminotransferase in the liver of nonpregnant guinea pigs were observed.
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PMID:Influence of industrial toxic compounds on pregnancy. VI. Some tissue enzymes in pregnant guinea pigs exposed to the action of triethylenetetramine. 0 46

Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
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PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

Microvessels were isolated from bovine and rat cerebral cortex by simple procedures involving mechanical homogenization, differential and density-gradient centrifugation, and chromatography on a column of glass beads. The preparations were composed of short capillaries with a diameter of 1-10 microns. Both purifications were monitored by assaying the activity of the marker enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTase). The final bovine and rat preparations were enriched 20- and 14-fold over the homogenate respectively. gamma-GTase activity was measured in different fractions after bovine and rat membranes were solubilized with 0.5% and 0.3% Triton X-100 respectively. Measurement of 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities indicated very low levels of contamination of the microvessel preparations by glial cells and neurons. The integrity of the capillary membranes was confirmed by the assay of a cytosolic marker enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase. Viability of the microvessels was demonstrated by the presence of detectable levels of adenylates and by tissue respiration induced by glucose and succinate. Comparison of the proteins of homogenized bovine and rat brain cortex with those of purified capillaries separated by SDS/PAGE revealed enrichment of at least three predominant proteins of 14, 16 and 18 kDa in the capillary preparations. It is concluded that these methods allow rapid isolation of small blood vessels of the blood-brain barrier which are suitable for metabolic and structural studies in vitro.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of metabolically active capillaries of the blood-brain barrier. 171 99

Cerebral microvascular endothelium, the constituent cell of the blood-brain barrier, is enriched in the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). This enzyme plays a role in the regulation of amino acid uptake and transport, and in the gamma-glutamylation of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Recent studies have demonstrated that GGT activity is modulated by cholinergic-adrenergic agonists. The levels of the acetylcholine-catabolizing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), may therefore be related to the modulation of the GGT activity. In this study, the activities of GGT and AChE in microvessel-enriched fractions were assayed after feeding of rabbits a high cholesterol diet. A 21% decrease of GGT activity and a 44% increase of AChE activity appeared at the end of dietary treatment.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in brain capillaries of cholesterol-fed rabbits. 197 2

Wistar male rats underwent a midline ventral abdominal incision under pentobarbital anaesthesia and were divided into two groups: the experimental rats were injected with 0.04 ml.kg-1 bodyweight Ethibloc (Ethicon-FRG) into a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, close to the hepatic portal vein and the control, saline. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the 1st and on the 30th day after the treatment. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are significantly increased at the 24 hr following the i.v. injection in the experimental rats. The 30th LDH5 level is decreased 19% in the experimental group from the ones in the control group. The serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and serum cholinesterase do not differ substantially in the experimental group from these in the control group in the different periods of assessment.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in splanchnic ischemia shock. 208 7

Some biochemical parameters of liver and liver microsomes were studied in albino rats following administration of cobra and viper venoms at dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. The total protein content in cobra venom treated (CVT) animals and DNA and RNA contents of liver and liver microsomes were almost unaltered in both the venom treated animals while total protein content was significantly reduced in viper venom treated (VVT) animals. Alkaline and acid phosphatases activities of whole liver showed significant increase in both the venom treated animals whereas the rise in cholinesterase activity in CVT animals was not significant. Lactic acid content was significantly higher in CVT animals compared to either VVT animals or controls. The glycolytic enzymes viz., aldolase, phosphohexose isomerase and lactate dehydrogenase measured in hepatic microsomal fraction were significantly reduced while alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities of liver microsomes were significantly elevated in both the venom treated animals compared to controls.
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PMID:Biochemical studies of liver & liver microsomes in envenomated rats. 227 76

Results of health survey and biological monitoring in pesticide formulators exposed to a combination of pesticides, an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide (phorate) and a persistent chlorinated insecticide (technical hexachlorocyclohexane; HCH; BHC) are reported. Exposure of 160 workers to a combination of pesticides (malathion, parathion, DDT and HCH) resulted in 73% of the workers showing toxic signs and symptoms. Formulators showed marked inhibition of whole blood, plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase (ChE) activity and slightly higher concentrations of DDT and HCH in serum. An interesting observation was that over 25% of the formulators showed ECG aberrations. The ECG changes were not related to whole blood ChE activity. Exposure to the chlorinated insecticide HCH in 19 workers engaged in the manufacture of technical HCH resulted in toxic signs and symptoms in over 90% of the subjects. The HCH concentrations in serum showed a ten-fold increase. Changes in the liver enzymes ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and in immunoglobulin M(IgM) showed possible effects on liver and humoral immunity. ECG monitoring showed evidence of cardiac effects. Exposure of 40 formulators to a highly toxic OP insecticide (phorate) showed that over 60% of the workers suffered from toxic effects in spite of using a complete set of protective clothing. A marked and progressive inhibition in whole blood and plasma ChE activity was found during the two weeks of exposure to phorate. An appreciable recovery in ChE activity was observed 10 days after cessation of exposure. These surveys have established the need to practice and develop biological monitoring techniques to assess exposure and predict health risks in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides.
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PMID:Health surveillance and biological monitoring of pesticide formulators in India. 243 Mar 50

Groups of 21 male and 21 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed diets containing pyriproxyfen at concentrations of 0, 80, 400, 2,000 and 10,000 ppm for 6 months. No death was found in any group. Alopecia in the neck and/or back, and soft feces were noticed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. A marked decrease in body weight gain was observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm throughout the treatment period, accompanying a decrease in food-consumption and an increase in water-intake during the initial stage of treatment. In terms of urinalysis, proteinuria, increases in K excretion, and, in number, yellowness or browish-yellowness in appearance, were observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. In females fed 10,000 ppm, increases in bilirubin, Na excretion and specific gravity, and a decrease in ketone bodies, were observed. In hematology, decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value, were observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm and in males fed 2,000 ppm. Also, an increase in MCH (in males), decreases in MCHC and platelet count (in females) were observed in 10,000 ppm group. Blood biochemistry revealed increases in total protein, albumin, alpha 2-globulin fraction, blood urea nitrogen, calcium (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm), A/G ratio (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), total cholesterol, phospholipid (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), sodium (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (in males fed 10,000 ppm) and alpha 1-globulin fraction (in females fed 10,000 ppm), and decreases in glucose, GOT (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm), beta-globulin fraction (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), GPT (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), triglyceride, potassium (in males fed 10,000 ppm), and cholinesterase activity (in female fed 10,000 ppm). In organ weight, increases in liver (in males fed 2,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), kidney (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm) and thyroid (in females fed 10,000 ppm) and a decrease in pituitary (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm) were observed. Gross pathology revealed a higher incidence of blackish-brown coloration of the liver, and a lower incidence of accentuated lobular pattern of the liver (in males fed 10,000 ppm). An enlargement of the liver was seen in a few of both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. Histopathological examination showed that the sole effect attributable to treatment of this compound was on slight hypertrophy in the liver of both sexes fed 10,000 ppm, with a higher incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A six-month chronic dietary toxicity study of pyriproxyfen in rats]. 273 65

The enzymic activity of blood of healthy male volunteers was examined during 8-day bed rest in the horizontal and head-down (-6 degrees) position, water immersion up to the neck and 6-hour head-down tilt (-15 degrees). Alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase (CE), leucine arylamidase (LA), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) were measured. During horizontal bed rest the activities of all the enzymes, except for GDH, decreased in a moderate degree which was very distinct at an early stage of exposure. The activity of GDH and CE decreased significantly after the exposure. The enzymic activity tended to decline during head-down tilt at -6 degrees. The LA and GGTP activity decreased to a greater extent, being statistically significant during head-down tilt at -6 degrees and in the recovery period. The enzymic activity insignificantly increased during water immersion and 6-hour head-down tilt at -15 degrees, remaining in some cases elevated during 5 days after exposure. The lower activity of enzymes (which was significant for some of them) during horizontal and antiorthostatic bed rest was primarily associated with diminished motor activity, whereas increased enzymic activity was related to the gravity-induced blood shift to the intrathoracic area.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme activity of healthy subjects during modeling of the effects of weightlessness]. 287 Dec 24

The cholesterol and phospholipid content and the fatty acid composition in plasma and red cell membranes was determined in 10 alcoholics with macrocytic erythrocytes. None of the patients had anemia. Red cells exhibited macrocytosis up to 108 fl in all patients. Bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin, and cholinesterase were in the normal range, whereas transaminases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in serum were elevated in most of the patients. The molar ratio cholesterol/phospholipids in red cells was not altered in alcoholics. An abnormally high ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was found in plasma as well as in red cell phospholipids from alcoholics. Linoleic acid was substantially decreased in plasma of alcoholics (controls 32.3%, alcoholics 21.8%). This fatty acid abnormality was reflected by a decrease of linoleic acid in red cell phosphatidylcholine. The present data may suggest that fatty acid changes taking place in membranes of macrocytes were a consequence of changes in the plasma and reflect plasma/membrane exchanges rather than direct effects of ethanol on red cell membranes. Lipid alterations of red cell membranes may be involved in the development of macrocytosis in chronic alcoholism.
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PMID:Plasma and red cell lipids in alcoholics with macrocytosis. 371 88


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