Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether ambient air quality standards for ozone adequately protect high-risk populations, we assessed pulmonary and biochemical responses of 22 asthmatic volunteers to 2-hour controlled exposures to ozone at concentrations approximating 0.2 ppm, with secondary stresses of heat and intermittent exercise. All subjects had physician-diagnosed asthma; clinically, they covered a range from minimal wheezing to persistent marked abnormality in forced expiratory performance. Control experiments included repeated sham exposures (to purified air with no ozone added) as well as brief exposures to the odor of ozone followed by purified air. No meaningful changes in forced expiratory measures, lung volumes, or single-breath N2 indices were found after ozone exposure relative to control. Symptoms, scored semiquantitatively, increased slightly but not significantly with exposure to ozone. Small but significant (P is less than 0.05) group mean blood biochemical changes occurred with exposure to ozone; these included increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, increased erythrocyte fragility, and decreased concentration of reduced glutathione. Hemoglobin concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity decreased with ozone and decreased to a lesser extent in control studies. Concentrations of ozone readily attainable in smog episodes thus appear to be capable of affecting blood biochemistry in at least some asthmatic persons, in the absence of obvious adverse pulmonary responses. Whether the biochemical effects represent harm to health or a normal response to stress remains to be determined.
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PMID:Health effects of ozone exposure in asthmatics. 65 90

A case report of an urban family who experienced excessive exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is presented. All three family members developed symptoms that were compatible with cholinesterase inhibition: headache, lightheadedness, wheezing, shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue. Serial measurement of red blood cell and serum cholinesterases soon after exposure and during subsequent months confirmed the diagnosis of pesticide poisoning. This report demonstrates that the misapplication of pesticides commonly used in residences in urban areas can cause acute pesticide poisoning and demonstrates the usefulness of repeated measurements of cholinesterase during the post-exposure period in establishing the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Poisoning of an urban family due to misapplication of household organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. 158 78

In this review, we summarize the progresses in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious diseases, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses that have been published in The Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2012. The induction of Treg activity by probiotics might be effective for promoting tolerance towards food allergens. Nasal cytology is useful in patients with rhinitis for diagnosing chronic non-allergic non-infectious diseases. Atopic eczema is associated both with an aberrant skin matrix and impaired systemic immune response. Therefore, isolated topical treatment may have suboptimal effect. Diagnostic work-up of exercise-induced anaphylaxis, including exercise challenge test, is necessary to reach a diagnosis. Studies may support a role for nutrition on prevention of asthma and cardiovascular diseases. Clinicians need to early identify adolescent menstrual abnormalities to minimize sequelae, and to promote health information. In Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B investigations include acetylcholinesterase study of rectal mucosa followed by the molecular analysis of RET mutation. Low adherence to gluten-free diet and osteopenia are common problems in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 and celiac disease. In infantile colic, laboratory tests are usually unnecessary and the treatment is based on reassurance. Prevalence of obesity and stunting is elucidated by several studies. Evidences are growing that dietetic measures are needed to prevent obesity in children with acute leukemia. Treatment studies for infectious diseases show promise for probiotics along with standard triple therapy in children with Helicobacter pilori infection, while zinc has no effect on pneumonia. Educational programs about the proper management of the febrile child are warranted. A new hour-specific total serum bilirubin nomogram has been shown to be able to predict newborns without hyperbilirubinemia after 48 to 72 hours of life. Newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy present ECG and cardiac enzymes alterations leading to reduced neonatal survival. Rehabilitation programs including sensory integration therapy and motor performance, may improve activities of daily life in children with developmental coordination disorder. Aerobic exercise training in addition to chest physiotherapy might be useful in children with cystic fibrosis. Studies on effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonists, alone or with other drugs in preschool wheezing are needed.
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PMID:Progress in Pediatrics in 2012: choices in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious diseases, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses. 2365 1

Hirschsprung enterocolitis (HEC) is an uncommon, albeit well known, complication of Hirschsprung disease (HD). It is multifactorial and can appear in different age groups, but is particularly important in the neonatal period where it is characteristically seen in full-term neonates. Two cases of HEC are reported that were diagnosed at post-mortem examination, which presented as early sudden neonatal death, with a review the literature on fatal Hirschsprung enterocolitis. Case 1 was a 4-day old male neonate who was found unwell, struggling to breath, and with green vomitus. He was taken to hospital and pronounced dead a short time later. According to the parents meconium was passed on the first day. Post-mortem examination demonstrated necrotizing enterocolitis with isolated bowel perforation. Histology disclosed unsuspected HD. Case 2 was a 2-day old male neonate who was found wheezing with green vomitus. He arrived floppy, cyanosed, and in shock at the hospital and died a few hours later. Meconium was not passed, according to the parents. Post-mortem examination revealed necrotizing enterocolitis. There was also recto-sigmoidal aganglionosis and acetylcholinesterase staining confirmed HD. HEC is a multifactorial and sometimes recurrent complication of HD which characteristically develops in full-term neonates. Presentation with early sudden neonatal death is rare but should be considered in the diagnostic work-up of sudden deaths in this age group.
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PMID:Sudden unexpected early neonatal death due to undiagnosed Hirschsprung disease enterocolitis: a report of two cases and literature review. 2384 58