Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a woman patient with organophosphate poisoning resulting from a psychotically motivated suicide attempt. After detoxification and during treatment with haloperidol and levomepromazine, she developed acute malignant neuroleptic syndrome (MNS) in which dyspnea requiring assisted ventilation was the main symptom. Discontinuation of the neuroleptics was enough to effect sufficient recovery. With this case report, we would first like to emphasize that MNS can evolve within a very short time into a severe and life-threatening situation requiring intensive medical care, and secondly to illustrate the implications of organophosphate poisoning and the consequent cholinesterase blocking far the differential diagnosis of MNS.
...
PMID:[A case of malignant neuroleptic syndrome. Case report]. 933 25

On the day of the disaster, 641 victims were seen at St. Luke's International Hospital. Among those, five victims arrived with cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest with marked miosis and extremely low serum cholinesterase values; two died and three recovered completely. In addition to these five critical patients, 106 patients, including four pregnant women, were hospitalized with symptoms of mild to moderate exposure. Other victims had only mild symptoms and were released after 6 hours of observation. Major signs and symptoms in victims were miosis, headache, dyspnea, nausea, ocular pain, blurred vision, vomiting, coughing, muscle weakness, and agitation. Almost all patients showed miosis and related symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, or visual darkness. Although these physical signs and symptoms disappeared within a few weeks, psychologic problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder persisted longer. Also, secondary contamination of the house staff occurred, with some sort of physical abnormality in more than 20%.
...
PMID:Sarin poisoning on Tokyo subway. 919 33

Forty-six patients who were exposed to sarin consulted our hospital because of darkness of vision, and ocular pain, vomiting, dyspnea and headaches on June 27 and 28, 1994. Eighteen patients were admitted and 4 of them were in the critical state. There were 6 features: 1) depression of plasma cholinesterase activity (17 of 18 patients, 94%), 2) hypokalemia (4/18, 22%), 3) depression of triglyceride (12/18, 67%), 4) hypocapnia (5/17, 29%), 5) partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) <80 mmHg, or requirement of O2 inhalation (15/18, 83%), 6) white blood cells (WBC) >9,000 per mm3 (13/18, 72%). Seventeen patients were discharged from hospital, but one patient is still suffering from akinetic mutism after two years.
...
PMID:Eighteen cases exposed to sarin in Matsumoto, Japan. 924 Apr 89

A rural-area resident male patient deliberately ingested chlorpiriphos, an organophosphate insecticide. Although presented with cholinergic symptoms initially, he suffered general condition deterioration after 4 d characterized by muscular weakness, hypotonia, arreflexia and recumbent dyspnea requiring ventilatory support. These clinical manifestations occur from liposoluble organophosphates or metabolites with long-lasting half time, causeing delayed inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and subsequent burn out of the neuromuscular junction from acetylcholine overstimulation.
...
PMID:Intermediate syndrome secondary to ingestion of chlorpiriphos. 1120 75

We classified 1017 patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization experienced in Kawasaki Medical School Kawasaki Hospital during the past 15 years into five age groups (< or = 54 years old, 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, 75-84 years old, > or = 85 years old). With particular emphasis on the elderly patients, we then compared the clinical and microbiological findings in the five groups. The results were as follows; (1) Half of patients in the over 85 years old group were bed-ridden. (2) The proportion receiving antibiotics before hospitalization decreased with age. (3) There were striking atypical pneumonic symptoms, such as dyspnea and consciousness disturbance in the two age groups over 75 years old. (4) Hypotension (shock) increased with age. (5) Markers of nutritional conditions, such as serum protein, albumin, cholinesterase, and hypoxia remarkably increased in the two age groups over 75 years old. (6) There were no significant differences in the isolation rate of etiological microorganisms. (7) The number of polymicrobial agents in the < or = 54 years old group was lower than that in the other age groups. (8) Mycoplasma pneumoniae was most significantly higher in < or = 54 years old group, Haemophilus influenzae in patients 55-64 years old, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in both 65-74 and 75-84 years old groups. (9) The isolation rate of MSSA, gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory viruses increased with age. (10) The amount of sepsis increased with age. (11) The prognosis was poor in the two groups over 75 years old because the mortality rate (over 10%) was higher that for the other age groups.
...
PMID:[Clinical analysis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization classified by age group]. 1132 79

The long-acting anticholinesterase, distigmine bromide (Ubretid), is widely used for the treatment of underactive neurogenic bladder. Therefore, we emphasize its hazardable side-effect of cholinergic crisis. A 78-year-old man with duodenal ulcer complained of nocturia, and was administered distigmine bromide 10 mg daily under the diagnosis of mild benign prostatic hypertrophy with underactive neurogenic bladder. It seemed that administration slightly improved his symptom but he developed bradycardia, dyspnea and drowsiness suddenly on the 4th day. Blood examination revealed extremely low cholinesterase in his serum, suggesting distigmine bromide intoxication. He was treated intensively with several intravenous injections of atropine, high-concentration oxygen and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Nevertheless, his condition did not recover, resulting in death of "cholinergic crisis" on the 6th day.
...
PMID:[Cholinergic crisis following administration of distigmine bromide: a case report]. 1186 80

The effects of sodium azide administration on the central cholinergic functions were investigated utilizing mice to evaluate the neurotoxicity in the acute poisoning. Seven oral doses of the toxicant, ranging in dosage from 12.3 to 59.3 mg/kg, based upon a multiple of 1.3 x 27 mg/kg (an empirical LD50 for mice) or 27 mg/kg divided by 1.3 to calculate the lower three doses, were administered to facilitate the acute signs and to observe behavior. The behavior included locomotor activity, rectal temperature and rotarod performance which are convenient for the evaluation of central cholinergic involvement even if it may be partial, since no behavioral methods to study totally the cholinergic system have been known. Measurements of the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), enzymes that hydrolyze and synthesize acetylcholine (ACh) and high-affinity choline uptake (HACU), a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of ACh, were determined in the presence of various concentrations of sodium azide in vitro. Adult (12-15 weeks) female ICR strain mice were utilized in this study. Mice were orally given sodium azide in doses from 27 to 59.3 mg/kg and appeared sedated within 5 min. Next we observed hyperpnea and dyspnea, which were followed by seizure and death for mouse groups which received more than 35.1 mg/kg. Oral administration of the sodium azide solution produced an increase in locomotor activity for the 12.3 mg/kg group and a decrease for the higher doses (ranging from 16.0 to 27.0 mg/kg). The sodium azide administration suppressed rectal temperature dose-dependently as well as rotarod performance at high doses (20.8 and 27.0 mg/kg). Such behavioral changes elicited by sodium azide administration suggest an involvement of the central cholinergic system. Sodium azide also caused a measured decrease in the activity of AChE, but an increase in the activities of ChAT and HACU, dose-dependently, in vitro. From the results obtained from the behavioral and the in vitro experiments, we concluded that acute sodium azide poisoning significantly affects the central cholinergic system.
...
PMID:[Neurotoxicity in sodium azide poisoning]. 1241 70

Methyl parathion - MP (C[8]H[10rsqbNO[5rsqbPS) is a restricted-use pesticide that has been widely used as an agricultural insecticide. It belongs to the class of organophosphate chemicals characterized by their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. The main route of human exposure is inhalation, but dermal contact and inadvertent ingestion can also be substantial. Populations that are susceptible to MP exposure primarily are applicators, manufacturers and individuals living near application and/or disposal sites. Exposure has also been reported as a result of illegal indoor application. MP related health effects include headaches, nausea, night-waking, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating and salivation, incoordination, and mental confusion. Other symptoms including behavior problems, motor skill problems and impairment of memory recall have also been reported. The primary targets of toxicity are the hematopoietic system (serum cholinesterase inhibition), the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular lesions, abnormalities in heart rate and increase in heart-to-body ratio), the reproductive system (placental morphology, fibrosis and hemorrhage, and inhibition of DNA synthesis in seminiferous tubules), and the nervous system (headache, muscle weakness, insomnia, dizziness, and impaired memory). MP is believed to not have any carcinogenic effects. In an attempt to update its toxicologic profile, we hereby provide a critical review of MP-related environmental and toxicologic effects, with a special emphasis on their potential implications for public health.
...
PMID:Environmental toxicology and health effects associated with methyl parathion exposure--a scientific review. 1681 98

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a pauci-immune, necrotising, small-vessel vasculitis with an incidence of 3.6 per million population that typically presents in adulthood. Myasthenia gravis (MG), the most common disorder of the neuromuscular junction is rare, with an incidence of four per million population. We present the case of an adolescent girl previously diagnosed with MPA at age 7 years who presented with breathlessness and respiratory failure aged 15 years. The respiratory symptoms were due to thymoma-MG, which was successfully treated with cholinesterase inhibitors and thymectomy. This case report illustrates that the well-established doctrines of Occam's razor and of 'common conditions occurring commonly' are not universally applicable, and that in the adolescent age group, one should still consider Hickam's dictum.
...
PMID:Microscopic polyangiitis and myasthenia gravis: the battle of Occam and Hickam. 1741 7

Herein we describe 6 cases of patients with Alzheimer's disease presented with syncope, dizziness, and dyspnea soon after the initiation of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. All patients had bradyarrhythmia on electrocardiogram (ECG). Two patients had complete atrioventricular block, 2 pateints had 2/1 type atrioventricular block, 1 patient had sinus bradycardia and hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome, and 1 had sick sinus syndrome. All these patients were treated with pacemaker implantation and the cholinesterase inhibitor therapy continued. At 13-month follow-up, no syncope, dizziness, or dyspnea was reported.
...
PMID:Anticholinesterase-induced symptoms improved by pacemaker implantation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: analysis of 6 cases. 2281 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>

---