Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Suction rectal biopsy specimens, from a series of 168 infants and children with constipation and other gastrointestinal problems, were stained with a sensitive acetylcholinesterase method, and the results were compared with routine histology, radiology, anorectal manometry, and the final diagnosis. In all cases of Hirschsprung's disease, there was an increase in numbers and sizes of cholinergic nerves in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. No false-positive or false-negative results were found. The test was found to be more reliable and consistent than other methods available.
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PMID:Hirschsprung's disease: an appraisal of histochemically demonstrated acetylcholinesterase activity in suction rectal biopsy specimens as an aid to diagnosis. 58 May 61

On the basis of examinations of 15 children the authors consider that recurrent constipation and fecal discharges as complications of a remote postoperative period take place more frequently than incontinence of feces. One of the causes of constipation after radical operation for Hirschsprung's disease may be a long hypoganglionic zone of the distal portion of the colon. To solve the question about reoperation of children with Hirschsprung's disease the complex examination must necessarily include the determination of activity of tissue acetylcholinesterase in colon mucosa biopsies, balloon proctography, sphincterotonometry, endoscopic examination of the colon in addition to irrigography.
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PMID:[The diagnosis and treatment of complications in the late periods after operations for Hirschsprung's disease in children]. 166 8

Three patients with hyperganglionosis are reported in whom an initial diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was suspected. In one patient there was a classic presentation with constipation, in another Hirschsprung's disease coexisted, and in the third the initial inadequate suction rectal biopsy specimen was suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease on acetylcholinesterase staining. Evidence of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the intermuscular and submucosal plexuses on a full thickness bowel biopsy specimen was used to confirm the diagnosis of hyperganglionosis, suggested by the characteristic demonstration of moderate increase in the number of acetylcholinesterase stained nerve fibres in the lamina propria mucosae on rectal biopsy. Surgical management was guided by clinical signs. Two patients had colonic resections; the third had temporary stomal diversion. Hyperganglionosis is rarer than Hirschsprung's disease but is known to mimic it. We suggest full thickness bowel specimens are needed to confirm the diagnosis and that inadequate rectal suction biopsies must be interpreted with caution.
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PMID:Hyperganglionosis mimicking Hirschsprung's disease. 175 42

Hirschsprung's disease is rare in adults and represents a unique problem in the diagnosis and therapy. The permanent symptoms of the disease are persistent chronic constipation and meteorism. The degree of constipation depends on the length and narrowing of the aganglionary segment, diet and compensatory capacities of the bowel. Already known characteristics of agangliosis (absence of ganglions cells in intramuscular and submucous plexus, changes in nerve fibers and increased cholinesterase activity of the parasympathetic nerve fibers) cause impairment in peristalsis of the aganglionary segment and insufficient relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. The result is a functional refractory constipation. The disease can be diagnosed on the basis of the history, RTG examination, electromanometry and histopathology. In the majority of cases RTG examination is very reliable if performed according to generally accepted criteria. It is important to reveal the narrowed aganglionary area by oblique and profile images during irrigoscopy and irrigography. The treatment is surgical. The preferred operations are those with a combined transabdominal-transanal approach. Such operations are the most successful in management of constipation and maintenance of contingency. The authors present three cases. Three patients were old between 21 and 23 years. Their stools ranged from 10 days to two months (a stool per 10 days to two months). The diagnosis was established for all three patients by RTG examinations and histopathological findings. All bore the operation very successfully. Three various operation techniques were used according to surgeon's choice.
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PMID:[Megacolon congenitum (Hirschsprung's disease) in adults]. 179 85

False positive and negative results can complicate the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stain. To improve the diagnostic value of this test, the authors evaluated the concurrent hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining of extra sections after the AChE procedure. Flash-frozen (FF), cryostat-cut (CC) sections of rectal suction biopsies from 96 patients with constipation were evaluated by AChE together with H and E staining of additional unstained sections. In 13 of 15 cases of HD with a diagnostic (positive-A) AChE pattern, the H and E sections confirmed the diagnosis. In five cases with other AChE patterns, the H and E sections were instrumental when the diagnosis was made. Of the 76 non-HD subjects with positive-B (n = 8), equivocal (n = 6), and negative (n = 62) AChE patterns, the H and E sections eliminated the diagnosis in 62 (81%). Neuronal and nerve fiber morphologic characteristics were excellent. Rebiopsies were needed in 14 subjects (19%) when there was failure in finding neurons. Simplicity, quickness, and the high quality of the histologic preparations make this procedure a useful adjunct to the AChE stain.
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PMID:Histologic diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. The value of concurrent hematoxylin and eosin and cholinesterase staining of rectal biopsies. 244 2

Until now, the potential antiarrhythmic benefits of disopyramide have been restricted by anticholinergic side effects. These side effects have included xerostomia (dry mouth, nose or eyes), abdominal discomfort, nausea, constipation and, most importantly, urinary hesitancy and retention. A sustained-release form of pyridostigmine, an acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor, has been shown to a) prevent the anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide when used prophylactically and b) to eliminate or attenuate these symptoms if they are already present. Pyridostigmine has no measurable effect on disopyramide's antiarrhythmic properties. This represents a beneficial new drug interaction which will improve tolerance of disopyramide and increase patient compliance with disopyramide-containing regimens.
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PMID:The anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide and controlled-release disopyramide. 406 65

In the United States, the drugs most commonly used to treat peptic ulcer disease are antacids and the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine. Other available agents include anticholinergics and the coating agent sucralfate. Investigational drugs such as colloidal bismuth, carbenoxolone, prostaglandins, the tricyclic compound pirenzepine, and substituted benzimidazoles are not available for use in the United States. Most of the commercially available and investigational compounds have similar efficacy; therefore the optimal drug may be the one associated with the fewest adverse effects and the most convenient dosing regimen. Cimetidine causes a small number of adverse effects, including neuropsychiatric disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, loss of libido, elevation of serum creatinine and serum transaminases concentrations, and drug interactions. Some of these reactions have been of clinical significance. Presently, there are rare reports of gynecomastia, bradycardia, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, headache, lethargy, diarrhea, and rash in patients receiving ranitidine. Antacids can produce either diarrhea or constipation and have been associated with low serum phosphorus concentrations, and metabolic alkalosis. Anticholinergics, especially in elderly or debilitated patients, can cause central nervous system disorders, intestinal atony, or urinary retention. Sucralfate may cause constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. The investigational agents have their own side effect profiles. The adverse effects of anticholinergics make them unattractive therapeutic choices, and antacids and sucralfate have inconvenient dosing requirements compared with some equally efficacious alternatives. In addition, clinical experience with sucralfate in the United States is limited. The safety record of cimetidine is admirable. As clinical experience with ranitidine increases, currently unrecognized adverse effects may be reported. However, based on current data, ranitidine is as effective as cimetidine and is associated with a lower incidence of side effects.
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PMID:Problems associated with medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease. 609 62

An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity using rubeanic acid was used to make a clinical diagnosis in 54 children with constipation. Nineteen were thus confirmed to have Hirschsprung's disease. False positive or negative reactions were nil. The sites of AChE activities were in the form of black deposits and the contrast was sharp. This approach should find a wide application for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
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PMID:An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase activity using rubeanic acid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. 620 1

Anorectal manometry and suction biopsy were carried out on 47 children with constipation or soiling, or both. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (37 patients): functional faecal retention, group 2 (10 patients): functional faecal soiling without retention. Ganglion cells or normal acetylcholinesterase staining, or both, was demonstrated in all cases. Normal inhibition of internal sphincter could be achieved by rectal distension in all except 2 children with severe constipation. Resting sphincteric pressures, pressure responses, and conscious rectal sensitivity thresholds were similar in groups 1 and 2, but were increased compared with controls. In group 1 alone, the critical volume increased parallel with conscious rectal sensitivity threshold. Since the complete relaxation of internal sphincter occurs before conscious rectal sensation arises in children with soiling without retention, this may be an important factor, at least in some of the soilers.
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PMID:Anorectal manometry results in defecation disorders. 684 28

Histochemical and biochemical examinations of rectal biopsy specimens were performed in 13 patients with Hirschsprung's disease and in seven with idiopathic constipation and no megacolon. Serum and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in these two groups was compared with that in 30 normal controls. AchE staining of rectal biopsy specimens proved to be a reliable and convenient diagnostic approach in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Biochemical assay of AchE activity in rectal biopsy specimens was also of value in the diagnosis, however, there was an overlap between Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic constipation. Erythrocyte AchE activity correlated well with AchE activity in rectal biopsy specimens. Therefore, assays of erythrocyte AchE activity provided useful additional information, especially in screening tests for Hirschsprung's disease.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase activity in rectal mucosa and blood in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. 688 57


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