Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity was determined of sorbitol-dehydrogenase (SDH), cholinesterase (CE), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), acid phosphatase (AP), and glutamate-dehydrogenase (GDH) in blood plasma of lambs irradiated with 200, 320, and 450 Rad. Results showed that with the mild form of acute radiation sickness (treatment with 200 Rad) the activity of the blood enzymes did not change. With the severe (320 Rad) and the peracute (450 Rad) forms of the disease within the first 24 hours the activity of SDH and CE rose 3 to 5 times, and that of GDH and AP--twice within a period of 1 to 3 days following irradiation. In the case of a threefold increased activity of SDH and CE within 15 to 24 hours of treatment the diseased animals died. Parallel hematologic investigations revealed that well manifested leukopenia with these two forms of the sickness took place after the 24th hour. Activity determination of the investigated plasma enzymes within the first 15-24 hours following irradiation could be used as an adjunct test to the study of the hematologic indices for the early diagnosis of the severe and peracute forms of irradiation sickness as well as for the exit of the disease.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity in the blood plasma of lambs with acute radiation sickness]. 666 25

The morphologic changes in the liver were investigated along with those in the activity of the specific liver enzymes in the blood plasma of rats in the case of the severe form of acute radiation disease. The rats were treated with 670 Rad at the rate of 90 Rad/min. The studies were carried out on the 1st, 8th , 15th, 22nd, and 30th day following irradiation. It was found that under the conditions of the experiment the activity of the cytoplasmic enzymes sorbitoldehydrogenase , cholinesterase, and leucinaminopeptidase strongly rose on the 1st day after treatment (the activity of sorbitoldehydrogenase increased 11 times). The activity of acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase also increased strongly, whereupon there was deterioration of the mitochondrial and lysosomal structures. Seen were well expressed processes of fatty and parenchymal dystrophy. The studies on the changes in the activity of these enzymes can be used as an adjunct, resp., an auxiliary test to the haematologic indices in the evaluation of the severity of radiation disease.
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PMID:[Enzymatic and morphological study of the liver in acute radiation sickness]. 673 Mar 19

In the present paper the behaviour of the enzymes monoaminoxidase, GABA-transaminase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific cholinesterase, A-, B-, C-esterase and acid phosphatase was investigated by histochemical and biochemical methods for 1 min, 1, 4 and 24 h after a "brightness-discrimination" of male wistar rats in a Y-chamber. Learning induced significant changes of activity of the B-esterase in the hippocampus region 4 h (increase of 30%) and 24 h (decrease of 25%) and of the acetylcholinesterase in the cingular cortex 4 h after training (increase of 38%) are to be observed and regarded and discussed as hints for a changed protein synthesis (B-esterase) or altered synaptic activity (acetylcholinesterase). On the strength of these results and various findings in the literature it may be reputed as sure, that the protein synthesis of the cells of hippocampus in evident. Certain proteins show increased rates of synthesis by the influence of a learning experiment. These proteins are at least partially enzymes, serving as extension of the protein synthesis apparatus of the neurons and may be regarded as part mechanism of the intracellular regulation of the synaptic connectivity.
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PMID:[Histochemical and biochemical study of the hippocampus and neocortex of the wistar rat. II. The activity of carboxylic acid esterases and transmitter enzymes after a learning experiment]. 677 55

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes were isolated from pig blood relatively free from other cells and were characterised biochemically and morphologically and compared with human PMNLs. The activities of 16 enzymes of porcine and human PMNLs were measured and compared. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, malate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase had higher specific activities in procine than in human cells. Alkaline phosphatase has an 87-fold higher specific activity in porcine than in human cells. beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, myeloperoxidase and catalase had higher specific activities in human than in porcine cells. beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase showed over a 1000- and a 13-fold higher specific activity, respectively, in human than in porcine cells. Porcine PMNLs are readily available in large numbers and are recommended for studies of phagocytosis, chemotaxis and membrane biochemistry.
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PMID:Biochemical characterisation of porcine polymorphonuclear leucocytes: comparison with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 687 22

Biochemical changes in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to a sublethal level of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) at 0.5 ppm concentration in ambient water for a period of 30 days were assessed. A small reduction in growth rate was observed in the fish treated with 0.5 ppm carbofuran for 60 days although no mortality or any apparent symptom of toxicity could be noted. Studies were carried out on the activities of certain enzymes of intermediary metabolism viz., glucose 6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Na+, K+-ATPase, GOT and GPT in certain vital tissues of the fish exposed to carbofuran (0.5 ppm) for 30 days. Exposure to carbofuran resulted in sharp inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of the fish which recovered rather rapidly after terminating pesticide treatment and maintaining the fish in clean freshwater. Ratio of the levels of calcium/phosphorus in serum showed significant diminution in experimental groups of fish compared to controls. Level of ammonia in serum of experimental fish was markedly increased while excretion of ammonia by fish showed concomitant decrease. The bioaccumulation level of the pesticide and its degraded product, 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in liver tissue was measured by gas chromatography. A rationale of the effect of carbofuran on metabolism vis-a-vis toxicity in the fish has been suggested.
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PMID:Certain biochemical responses in the air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus exposed to sublethal carbofuran. 712 66

Enzymological data on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, cholinesterase and lipase obtained in the kidney of rats, fed on molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu), are reported. Antagonistic or synergistic behaviour has been determined by feeding the rats simultaneously on these two metals. Molybdenum inhibited all other enzymes except acid phosphatase and lipase. Complete inhibition of alkaline phosphatase was recorded after copper treatment. The combined treatment with molybdenum and copper exhibited reversible enzyme changes, however, cholinesterase activity remained inhibited.
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PMID:Effect of molybdenum and copper on key enzymes of rat kidney with special reference to physiological antagonism. 724 24

The mechanism of the effects of endovesical electrostimulation on the bladder wall was examined in experimental animals. Histochemical examinations showed no changes of any kind in the activity of enzymes in the detrusor area. In the out-flow region of the bladder an increase in the activity of malatedehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase were found histochemically. The effects of the current applied are confined to this region. This agrees with the results of clinical examinations.
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PMID:[The influence of intravesical electrostimulation on the urinary bladder in animals (author's transl)]. 728 44

Chronic oral administration of ammonium molybdate in rats markedly retarded the growth rate of rats and high protein diet could partially reverse this condition. The activities of several enzymes viz. acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and acetylcholinesterase in different tissues and serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin and cortisol are altered due to the toxicity conditions and high protein diet fed group of animals showed almost normal values in respect of a few of these parameters. Normal histological pattern of both liver and kidney tissues were altered under molybdenum toxicity condition. Significant increase of basophilic substances are observed in the cytoplasm of the liver cells of the toxic group of animals which is counteracted by feeding high protein diet.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on molybdenum toxicity in rats: effects of high protein feeding. 732 62

The authors study 14 different analytical parameters in the pleural fluid in order to recognize differential biological criteria, helping to establish an etiologic diagnosis in patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and biological data of an infectious process. In a group of 38 patients with bacterial exudative pleural effusion (22 of tuberculous origin and 16 secondary to non-specific bacterial infection), the following parameters were analyzed: total proteins, acid glucoprotein, X1, antytripsin, CDH, acid phosphatase, amylase, cholinest, copper, iron, pCO2, pO2 pH, glucose, and cholesterol. The results of amylase, copper, pCO2, pO2 and pH determinations in the pleural fluid show statistical significant differences between the tuberculous cases and the patients with non-specific infections. Lastly, the authors mention the minimal biological criteria necessary to confirm the tuberculous or non-specific bacterial etiology of a pleural fluid, stressing the value of the levels of cholinesterase, copper, pO2 and pH as differential data.
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PMID:[Tuberculous pleural effusion and pleural effusion secondary to non-specific bacterial infection: biochemical differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. 736 79

In this communication, the results of applying various histochemical techniques for the localization of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases in the human heart are presented. The Purkinje fibres of the atrioventricular conducting system of the human heart differ from the myocardium proper in containing a slightly higher activity of most of the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic enzymes investigated. The relatively higher activity of 6-phosphofructokinase, the key enzyme in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism, is especially noteworthy. On the other hand, the activities of some of the enzymes that play a part in the aerobic energy metabolism is slightly less than those in the myocardium fibres. As for the activity of the NADPH regenerating enzymes, the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) is somewhat higher, and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase similar, in the Purkinje fibres compared to that in the myocardial fibres. The activity of myosin ATPase is similar for both types of fibre. Likewise, the fibres of the conducting system and of the myocardium show a similar activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, non-specific naphthylesterase and peroxidase. The neurogenic function of the conducting system of the human heart was demonstrated by the high activity of acetylcholinesterase in the Purkinje fibres and in the atrioventricular node. All these histochemical findings in Purkinje fibres are similar at widely differing levels of the conducting system.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical studies on the conducting system of the human heart. 744 Feb 54


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