Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of four patients with palatal myoclonus, three had infarcts resulting from atherosclerosis, and one had cerebral emboli from a left atrial myxoma. Three specimens showed lesions in the brainstem and bilateral hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nuclei; the fourth revealed unilateral olivary changes caused by an infarct in the contralateral dentate nucleus. After incubation for acetylcholinesterase, neuropilar and capillary wall staining were absent or much reduced, but there was increased denisty of reaction product in the neuronal cell bodies and in numerous tortuous dendrites. Methods for acid phosphatase showed strong activity in the dendrites and glomeruloid structures of the diseased olives. Reactions for nonspecific esterase indicated dendritic expansion and reduced staining density in nerve cell bodies, but augmented glial reactivity.
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PMID:Olivary hypertrophy: histochemical demonstration of hydrolytic enzymes. 624 89

Enzyme histological changes have been studied in several optic projection areas after right optic nerve lesion in goldfish. An increase in acid phosphatase activity was found in the optic tectum, nucleus rotundus, nucleus geniculatus lateralis and area pretectalis between 2 and 15 days postoperatively. The enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, NADH tetrazolium reductase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase showed a decrease in activity in all or some of these projection areas. No changes were found in acetylcholinesterase activity after optic nerve lesions. Three weeks postoperatively, all enzyme activities returned to the same level as on the normal side. The results are discussed in relation to possible neurotransmitters in goldfish optic terminals.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical changes in some optic projection areas of the goldfish after optic nerve lesions. 626 19

Although zinc in traces is essential for the growth and well being of the animal, however a long-term treatment has been found equally toxic to the liver and kidney. Present report describes its effects on few key enzymes viz. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, lipase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and cholinesterase in the liver of rat, Rattus rattus albino. Histochemical observations have provided visual evidences on Zn-induced dysenzymia. The results have further been interpreted in terms of its effects on cellular organelle, levels of enzyme protein and microenvironment of the hepatic parenchyma.
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PMID:A note on dysenzymia in the liver of rats fed on zinc, an essential metal. 629 52

Exocrine acinar cells possess a unique system of basally located lysosomes. Cytochemically, these lysosomes do not contain acid phosphatase, but react positively for trimetaphosphatase (C Oliver: J Histochem Cytochem 28:78, 1980). The present study extends the morphological and cytochemical characterization of these lysosomes in pancreatic, parotid, and exorbital lacrimal acinar cells from Sprague-Dawley rats and National Institutes of Health Swiss mice. The basal lysosomes are highly pleomoric in nature, and frequently appear as a system of anastomosing tubules of varying width. The lysosomes have a close morphological relationship with both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In addition to trimetaphosphatase activity, the lysosomes are reactive for aryl sulfatase B, thiolacetic acid esterase, and cholinesterase. Since the cholinesterase activity could not be inhibited by specific inhibitors, this activity is most likely due to the presence of nonspecific esterases. The results of this study confirm the lysosomal nature of the basal lysosomes and underscore the necessity of using multiple enzyme activities to identify and characterize lysosomes.
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PMID:Characterization of basal lysosomes in exocrine acinar cells. 630 50

Choline, acetylcholine and betaine used as a sole carbon source, effectuate in Ps. aeruginosa an acid phosphatase activity in addition to a cholinesterase activity. Induction of both enzyme activities was repressed by succinate or glucose. Cyclic AMP failed to relieve the repression produced by these compounds. Substrates not related to choline and used as a sole source of carbon, were inefficient to produce induction of both enzymes. The in-vitro action of choline, acetylcholine and betaine on Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase has also been studied. To perform these studies periplasmic extracts obtained by EDTA-lysozyme treatment of the cells grown on choline or betaine as sole source of carbon, were used. Acid phosphatase activity was competitively inhibited by betaine, whereas the inhibition produced by choline and acetylcholine showed competitive and noncompetitive components. Cholinesterase activity was noncompetitively inhibited by betaine. At low acetylthiocholine concentration choline was an inhibitor of cholinesterase, whereas at high substrate concentration choline raised the hydrolysis rate of acetylthiocholine. These findings allow the conclusion that acid phosphatase and cholinesterase are specifically induced by choline and its metabolites derivatives. Kinetic results led us to postulate that acid phosphatase and cholinesterase contain a similar allosteric site. This site would either be of an anionic nature or show affinity to a methyl group or display both characteristics.
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PMID:Induction of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase activities in Ps. aeruginosa and their in-vitro control by choline, acetylcholine and betaine. 640 29

In an attempt to provide additional quantitative markers of senescence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we have identified age-dependent increases in four lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase. These enzymes were judged to be lysosomal on the basis of their resemblance to analogous mammalian lysosomal enzymes with regard to subcellular fractionation, lectin binding, Km, molecular weights, inhibitor sensitivities, and pH optima. In nematode populations which had a median lifespan of 8.9 +/- 0.7 days and a maximum lifespan of 14-16 days, we observed the following increases in acid hydrolase activities per animal from day 3 (early adulthood) to day 10: (1) up to 2.5-fold for acid phosphatase; (2) 8-fold for beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase; (3) 9-fold for beta-D-glucosidase; and (4) 4-fold for alpha-D-mannosidase. Three forms of acid phosphatase and two forms of beta-D-glucosidase were separated by ion-exchange chromatography, but in each case only one form of the enzyme was primarily responsible for the age-dependent increase in total activity: acid phosphatase I increased 18-fold, while beta-D-glucosidase I increased 100-fold. By contrast, there were only slight age-dependent changes in choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, or alpha-D-glucosidase activities after early adulthood. The age-dependent increases in acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase activities are sufficiently large and reproducible to be useful quantitative markers of senescence in C. elegans.
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PMID:Quantitative measures of aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: II. Lysosomal hydrolases as markers of senescence. 641

Different compounds derived from choline, and obtained by demethylation or by oxidation of the primary alcohol group with subsequent N-demethylation, were tested as inducer agents of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase in Ps. aeruginosa. It was found that betaine and dimethylglycine were the most effective inducers of both enzyme activities. These metabolites including choline itself, were not inducers of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase in other Gram-negative bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter liquefacciens and Proteus mirabilis. The acid phosphatase activities found in these bacteria were not inhibited in vitro by choline, betaine and phosphorylcholine. From these results it may be concluded that the acid phosphatase activity from Ps. aeruginosa is different from the same activity observed in the other bacteria. In addition, it is also shown that Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase were inhibited by a number of compounds containing a positively charged amino group, with methyl or ethyl groups bound to it. These results seem to confirm that Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase may contain a similar anionic site.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase induced by choline and its metabolic derivatives may contain a similar anionic peripheral site. 643 82

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3

Aiming at an improvement of the screening of toxic substances in biological materials and environment, the following biochemical indices were studied by means of the Tetrahymena pyriformis as a testing object: total protein, total lipids, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.27.), gamma-glutamyl transferase (E.C.2.3.2.2.), aspartate aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.1.), alanine aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.2.), acetyl cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7.), butyryl cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.8.), alkaline phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.1.), acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) and alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.). The study was conducted in the period of the population growth in an experimental medium with the minimum content of nutrients within the 96 hours of cultivation. It has been derived from the results that most of the enzymes are at the top of their activity in the early logarithmic stage of growth, i. e. in the period immediately following the log stage of population growth when the cells are getting ready for intensive division and growth; another peak activity period is the logarithmic growth stage--alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase are an exception with the culmination of activity in the stationary stage of population growth.
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PMID:[Selected biochemical indicators in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis]. 644 37

Injectable progestogen, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN, 200 mg/ml at 60 day intervals), was administered to 150 women for 2 years as their method of contraception. Blood levels of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, acetylcholinesterase (AChe), sialic acid were determined in all subjects to ascertain whether NET-EN therapy causes any adverse metabolic effect or damage to the functional status of the liver. NET-EN contraception did not alter the liver function enzymes but there is a significant increase (P0.001) in AChE activity after 2 years. Serum sialic acid level showed a transient increase up to 1 year, which however returned to control level later. The mechanism responsible for these changes and whether the rise in sialic acid and AChE activity are related to any pathological condition remain unclear at this stage.
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PMID:Studies on some enzymes and sialic acid during progestational contraceptive therapy. 646 44


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