Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 15 39

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

In the present paper is reported on the behavior of different serochemical parameters in heterologous perfusion of the liver of pigs. The perfusion of the animal livers was carried out with preserved human blood in 11 recirculation experiments (closed machine circulations). In addition to this an empty circulation with human blood without attachment to an animal liver was carried out, whereby otherwise the arrangement of the experiment was the same, in order to take into consideration the effects of the blood traumatisation in the interpretation of the results. The enzymes GOT and LAP proved as sensible indicators of the lesion of the liver cells occurring in the perfusion of the liver of the pigs. The behavior of the mitochondrial GDH as well as of the lysosomal enzymes SP and BETA-GC which scarcely increased during the recirculations in the perfusate blood, however, allows the conclusion that there did not appear a severe lesion of the liver cells (necrobiosis) during several hours of perfusion. A cholestasis did not develop during the perfusions, when one takes as basis the behavior of the enzymes AP, GGTP and AAP indicating cholestasis. Compared with GOT the enzyme GPT showed by far less elevations in the perfusate blood so that with increasing duration of the perfusion the De-Ritis-quotient significantly increased. Increased LDH-activities above all revealed the increasing during perfusion haemolysis and less reliably a lesion of the liver of the pig. The increase of ADA in the perfusate blood proved as nearly exclusively conditioned by haemolysis. Total protein, albumins, immunoglobulins, cholinesterase and thymol turbidity test remained unchanged in the course of the perfusions.
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PMID:[Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in machine recirculation attempt. 2. Behavior of serochemical parameters]. 96 Aug 62

As far as the pathogenesis of poisonings with organophosphorus pesticides is concerned, in addition to irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AGE) in tissues, of importance are changes in the other systems which essentially determine the outcome of intoxication. The purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of changes occurring in total protein and protein fractions, free amino acids (aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine, isoleucine, leucine) and in certain enzymes (AST, ALT, CP, GGTP, GDH) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute Malathion insecticide poisoning. 137 patients aged 20 to 50 years were placed under observation. There were 77 men and 60 women. 40 persons had poisoning of medium gravity and 97 were severely poisoned. The intake of the CSF was performed on days 1, 3, 10, 14 and 21 since the disease onset. It has been established that in acute Malathion insecticide poisoning, the CSF content of the stimulating mediator amino acids, aspartic and glutamic, rises within the early periods, whereas the concentration of the inhibitory mediator glycine decreases. The changes in protein fractions of the CSF are characterized by a fall of the content of globulins and a rise of albumins, thus attesting to the predominance of pathological processes in the brain, especially in the initial period of intoxication, and to the impairment of the blood-brain barrier. The development of intoxication is associated with activation in the CSF of LDN, CP, GGTP and GDH as well as by activation of LDH isozymes which is viewed as the result of the membranotoxic effect of a Malathion insecticide.
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PMID:[Changes in the biochemical composition of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute carbophos poisoning]. 135 42

1. The acute oral LD50 and chronic LC50 toxicity values for ethylene dibromide (EDB) were estimated for japanese quail. 2. Single sub-acute oral and intraperitoneal doses of EDB (1/2 LD50) and chronic oral doses of EDB (1/3 LC50) were administered to quail in order to characterise the sub-lethal effects of EDB residues. 3. At 24 h after sub-acute dosing, relative liver weight, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AT) [EC 2.6.1.1] and L-iditol (sorbitol) dehydrogenase (SDH) [EC 1.1.1.14] were elevated and decreases were found in hepatic total lipid, total protein, AT and glutamic dehydrogenase (NAD (P)+) (GDH) and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) [EC 3.1.1.8] and total lipid. 4. Following chronic administration, elevations in relative liver weight, plasma ChE and total lipid, haemoglobin and haematocrit were found and hepatic AT, GDH and total lipid were decreased. 5. The changes in hepatic and plasma enzymes and constituents are discussed in relation to possible biphasic effects resulting from EDB exposure.
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PMID:A study on the toxicity and the biochemical effects of ethylene dibromide in the Japanese quail. 702 16

To cause brain dopaminergic hyperactivity in rats, L-DOPA was injected in August and Wistar rats with different basic stress reactivity and motor activity in open field ecperiments during 14 days. L-DOPA was used in the form of the drug madopar in dosage of 25,5 mg/kg of body mass daily. The indices of activity of metabolism enzymes, neuromediators and proteins: aminopeptidase, glutamatedehydrogenase, monoaminoxidase (substrate triptamine) and acetylcholinesterase were studied in sensomotor cortex, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus region. The intra- and between-line features of L-DOPA influence on rat brain have been found, being mostly pronounced in the animals with low motor activity. In these rats, changes were observed in all structures and for all enzymes, but in the group with high activity they concerned only GDH in caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens. Hippocampus was the structure reacting to L-DOPA most actively as shoun by cytochemical indices, with reactions relating mainly to serotonergic system in August rats and to acetylcholinergic and glutamatergic systems in Wistar rats. The results demonstrate an essential role of genetically determined reactivity and motor activity in individual prognosis of resistance to stress and extreme situations.
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PMID:[Influence of L-DOPA on rat brain depending on individual behavioral features]. 1584 66