Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aminopyrine breath test was investigated in 268 patients with various liver disease. From the specific activity for six hours after ingestion of a tracer dose the elimination rate in percent per hour is calculated. Comparing to 47 controls the elimination rate is reduced about 20% in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (49 patients) and fatty liver (84 patients). In 42 patients with chronic active hepatitis the elimination rate is reduced to 48% and in 54 patients with cirrhosis to 64%. Between aminopyrine breath test and indocyaningreen test or cholinesterase and albumin no correlations were found. Aminopyrine breath test is a sensitive, non-invasive test and specific in liver function and therefore useful in the follow up of patients with known liver disease.
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PMID:[The diagnostic relevance of the aminopyrine breath test in liver disease]. 718 67

Assessment of the galactose elimination capacity has appeared to represent an suitable index of the total metabolic capacity of the liver inflicted with chronic hepatopathy. In a more severe disease e.g. cirrhosis hepatis the GEC assessment enabled to judge appropriately the among of hepatic tissue reduction which does not necessarily have to correspond with the grade according to Child-Pugh classification. It represents an helpful criterion also for a smaller decrease of the functional capacity of the liver, e.g. in moderate forms of hepatopathies, as e.g. steatosis and steatofibrosis hepatis, chronic active hepatitis. By means of examinations of the hepatic proteosynthetic function indices it was discovered that the level of prealbumin and the activity of cholinesterase are more sensitive parameters of the functional ability of impaired liver in comparison with albumin, prothrombin complex and transferrin. Assessment of prealbumin and cholinesterase in the group of patients with cirrhosis hepatis enabled the most significant mutual distinction of differently severe grades, in three differing subgroups of cirrhotic patients (Ci A, Ci B and Ci C). The presented parameters were significantly distinct also in groups of patients with chronic active hepatitis, and steatosis and steatofibrosis of the liver. (Fig. 6, Tab. 1, Ref. 29.)
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PMID:[The galactose eliminating capacity of the liver and its protein synthesis function in chronic liver diseases]. 781 45

We studied 608 consecutive cases of anti-HCV-positive chronic liver disease. In 358 patients the diagnosis was established by needle liver biopsy. In 250 patients with liver cirrhosis the diagnosis was made on the basis of the unequivocal clinical signs and the results of imaging procedures. Chronic HCV infection is usually observed in adults or elderly patients; the age of the patients steadily increases with the progression of the illness to the more severe stages. Jaundice was infrequent in patients with chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis; clinical symptoms and laboratory tests are of little value in differentiating CPH from CAH or in detecting early cirrhosis. Serum aminotransferases were usually only slightly elevated in all stages of the disease. Despite the mildness of the hepatic cytolysis, the progressive reduction in serum cholinesterase and albumin concentrations and the progressive increase in the serum alkaline phosphatase activity indicate progressive failure in the hepatic function in the course of the illness. The histological study showed that steatosis, follicular portal inflammation and eosinophilic changes in the hepatocytes were prominent features of chronic HCV infection. In contrast, severe piecemeal necrosis without bridging was rarely observed.
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PMID:Clinical and histological aspects of chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis. 840 7

Organic insecticides used in agriculture and drugs often taken without medical control remain an important source of intoxication. The significance of the problem has been discussed in American medical literature, where toxic and posttoxic damage to the liver is rated second (25%), just after viral damage (40%), like in other highly developed countries. It can be assumed that the leading position of viral damage is the result of difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis in each case of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of liver damage, in spite of many laboratory methods described and in use, leaves a margin of uncertainty and error. The diagnosis relies heavily on the activity of enzymes characteristic for morphologic and functional status of the liver. The determination of enzyme activities in plasma is also one of the basic diagnostic tools in the toxicology clinic in all cases of intoxication by hepatotoxic compounds. Toxicological recognition of acute intoxications relies on a wide range of biochemical tests and enzyme indices to evaluate the extent of damage by xenobiotics to organs. Usually the tests are selected in a clinical setting when the cause of intoxication is known. The present data were supplemented with activities of AspAT and AlAT determined during hospitalization of the patients. This choice acknowledged the wide-spread use of these tests and their organ specificity. All parameters in the control group were within normal limits described in the literature. For patients with phosphoroorganic or carbaminate intoxications (Ia) the activity of AECh and ECh proved to be a specific and sensitive parameter. In these cases both activities showed large, significant drops, confirming earlier reports advocating the use of these tests in insecticide intoxications. (Tab. 1-3). Among clinical symptoms frequently accompanying intoxication by ethylene glycol (Ib) one would mention metabolic acidosis, kidney damage and narcotic action of the glycol on the CNS. Little attention has been devoted to the hepatotoxic action of this compound. In the present study activities of the aminotransferases deviated slightly from normal. The DeRitis index was also within normal limits. However, the activity of AACo in this group of patients differed significantly from the control values. In the group of patients with Amanita phalloides poisoning (Id) the most sensitive indicator of liver damage proved to be AACo. The activity of this enzyme was significantly higher than in the remaining groups. The rise of activity of this enzyme was significantly higher than in the remaining groups. The rise of activity preceded by a few hours the appearance of increased aminotransferase activity which was observed near the end of the second day after intoxication. In the group of patients with chronic active hepatitis (II) the only parameter within normal limits was ECh. This finding supports earlier reports as to the relatively late decrease in the rate of synthesis of this enzyme in liver diseases. The use of toxogonine in vitro to discriminate between ECh and AECh in intoxications and liver diseases was decided upon basing on numerous reviews describing the clinical applications of this agent. The results of agent in the toxogonine test are in line with the disruptive action to toxogonine on the enzyme-insecticide complex in vitro, probably similar to the situation in the living organism. The observed elevation in AECh activity after the enzyme was inhibited by the phosphoro-organic pesticide, observed 30 minutes since the addition of toxogonin, averaged 86% +/- 25%. In the case of carbaminate insecticides the addition of toxogonine was followed by a further decrease in esterase activity and only a few samples showed an increase, but not exceeding 25%. No effect of toxogonine was seen in the case of serum cholinesterase and after 30 minutes the activity continued to fall.
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PMID:[Activity of choline esterases in blood cells and serum and cobalt activated acylase in toxic and non-toxic liver damage]. 861 40

We have previously reported that Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL)-reactive serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity increases in liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with chronic hepatitis (CH) and normal controls (NC), and measurement of AAL-reactive ChE activity is useful in discriminating LC from CH. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the measurement of the ratio of AAL-reactive ChE to immuno-reactive ChE protein (AAL/ChE) is superior to the measurement of only AAL-reactive ChE for differentiating LC from CH. At a cut-off value of 4.0 arbitrary units of AAL/ChE, the diagnostic accuracy was 87.7%. This diagnostic accuracy is similar to that of serum hyaluronan, 88.8%. We also examined whether the AAL/ChE measurement is useful for differentiating Child's stage A LC from chronic active hepatitis (CAH) 2B. When mean + 2SD of AAL/ChE in patients with CAH2B was used as a cut-off value for the specific diagnosis of LC, the diagnostic accuracy was 70.2%. These results demonstrate that measurement of AAL/ChE is useful for discriminating LC from CH.
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PMID:Discrimination of liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis by measuring the ratio of Aleuria aurantia lectin-reactive serum cholinesterase to immunoreactive protein. 1021 25


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