Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells is known to increase platelet production and to increase the number of morphologically unrecognizable early megakaryocytes, ie, small acetylcholinesterase-positive (SAChE+) cells in mice. Other recent studies have concluded that interleukin-6 (IL-6) also stimulates murine megakaryocytopoiesis both in vitro and in vivo. Some workers have suggested that IL-6 is thrombopoietin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of TSF and IL-6 on percent 35S incorporation into platelets, platelet sizes, and the percentages of SAChE+ cells in C3H mice, and to determine if they produce the same or different responses. The results showed that two or four injections of a partially purified TSF (total dose of 2 or 4 units (U) over a 1- or 2-day period) increased percent 35S incorporation into platelets (P less than .005) and platelet sizes (P less than .005) of both normal and rebound-thrombocytotic mice when compared with values from other mice treated with human serum albumin, the carrier protein for both TSF and IL-6. In eight separate experiments, it was shown that IL-6 (40,000 U, 4 micrograms), when given to rebound-thrombocytotic mice in four injections over a 2-day period, produced a small but significant (P less than .005) increase in percent 35S incorporation into platelets. Additional studies showed that negative results were obtained when similar high doses of IL-6 were administered in two doses over a 1-day period. TSF, but not IL-6, stimulated an increase in platelet sizes of normal mice (P less than .005 to 0.0005); however, IL-6 increased platelet sizes of rebound-thrombocytotic mice when given in two of four injections (P less than .05 to .0005). Also, IL-6, but not TSF, caused anemia in normal mice (P less than .0005) that were given two injections and tested 3 days later. TSF stimulated an increase (P less than .005) in the percentage of SA-ChE+ cells; whereas IL-6, even at high doses, did not. Because of the observed differences in biologic responses of these two cytokines, we conclude that TSF and IL-6 are separate entities.
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PMID:Comparative effects of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 on murine megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. 199 16

Serum albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol were measured in ten patients with aplastic anemia and eight with myelodysplastic syndrome who received the administration of recombinant human GM-CSF. Serum albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol were significantly lowered by the administration of GM-CSF and recovered after the cessation of GM-CSF. These data suggest that GM-CSF impairs the biosynthesis of liver cells and that cholesterol-lowering activity of GM-CSF, which is previously reported, is due to the impairment of liver biosynthesis by GM-CSF.
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PMID:GM-CSF-mediated impairment of liver to synthesize albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol. 199 59

We thought that nutritional parameters in laboratory data might be able to express quality of life (QOL). Therefore, in 70 patients with malignant chest diseases (NSCLC, 42 patients; SCLC, 15; lung metastasis, 7; others, 6), the correlation between nutritional parameters of total protein (Tp), serum albumin (Alb), and serum (cholinesterase (ChE] and Karnofsky Performance Status scale (KPS) was investigated. Then, in 24 patients with them (NSCLC, 12; SCLC, 6; lung metastasis, 4; others 2), Alb and ChE were compared to the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and Lung Cancer-Specific Questionnaire Module (QS). Results were as follows: 1) KPS and nutritional parameters correlated (Tp. r = 0.55, p less than 0.001; Alb, r = 0.60, p less than 0.001, ChE, r = 0.60; p less than 0.001). 2) The cores for Functional Status (FS) and Disease and Treatment-related symptoms (Sym) in QS and parameters of Alb and ChE correlate (FS v.s. Alb, p less than 0.01; Sym v.s. Alb, p less than 0.01; FS v.s. ChE, p less than 0.05; and Sym v.s. ChE, p less than 0.05). Moreover, the scores of Psychological Distress in QS and Alb showed a correlation (p less than 0.05). It is considered that nutrition and part of QOL (KPS and FS + Sym in QS, that is to say, "objective" functional activity and "subjective" functional activity and symptoms) correlate, and that nutritional parameters are useful to evaluate QOL.
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PMID:[Quality of life (QOL) and nutrition]. 202 88

Benzyl penicilloyl groups (BPO) derive from penicillin G by cleavage of the beta lactam ring; they covalently bind to proteins to give conjugates which have lost all antibiotic properties but are considered as the major allergenic determinants in penicillin allergy. A solid-phase Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) of BPO groups in different biological fluids is described. It is a competitive immunoassay using acetylcholinesterase as label. In all biological fluids, very low non-specific binding values are observed. The sensitivity and the precision of the assay are good since ca. 0.5 ng/ml can be measured with a coefficient of variation less than 10%. Cross reactions between BPO and penicillin or penicillin derivatives are nil or very low. This assay is more sensitive, much more rapid and easier to handle than the other methods available and is thus suitable for routine determinations. In association with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography this EIA has allowed an initial investigation of the location of BPO-binding sites on micro quantities of serum albumin (ca. 1 mg) from penicillin treated patients.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay of benzyl penicilloyl (BPO) groups using acetylcholinesterase as label. Application to the study of the BPO-binding sites on albumin. 204 Jul 12

Systematic clotting studies were performed in 157 patients with de novo acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) prior to treatment. Sixteen patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Three of the patients with DIC (two with M3, one with M5 leukemia) had a marked isolated factor-X deficiency (factor X:C 21%, 33%, and 41%, respectively). Another four patients had a mild isolated factor-X deficiency (factor X:C 55%-68%). In these seven patients the remaining liver-synthesized clotting factors (factors II, VII, IX, V) as well as serum albumin and cholinesterase were within the normal range. Liver disease or vitamin-K deficiency could therefore be excluded. In none of the 141 patients without DIC was a marked isolated factor X deficiency observed; two patients had moderately reduced factor X:C levels but normal liver-synthesized proteins. Induction treatment led to the control of DIC with an almost parallel increase of fibrinogen and factor X up to normal in all patients with factor-X deficiency who achieved complete remission. In one patient, recurrence of leukemia was associated with reoccurrence of DIC and marked factor-X deficiency. We conclude that there is a coincidence of isolated factor-X deficiency and DIC in some patients with ANLL. In some patients, this factor-X deficiency may be severe enough to contribute to the bleeding tendency.
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PMID:Coincidence of acquired factor-X deficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. 204 64

The myenteric plexus of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) small intestine was studied by means of silver staining, glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, the modified Koelle-Friedenwald method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase, NADH-diaphorase techniques and the unlabelled antibody method involving the use of an antiserum raised against GABA conjugated by glutaraldehyde to bovine serum albumin. The majority of the perikarya were in the ganglia, with an average density of 3370 +/- 942 nerve cells/cm2. Cholinesterase-positive and a few GABA-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were seen in the myenteric ganglia, while fluorescent ganglion cells were not observed. In addition to AChE and GABA-positive nerve fibres, a rich fluorescent network of varicose and nonvaricose nerve fibres was detected, pointing to the presence of an extrinsic aminergic system in the domestic fowl myenteric plexus. Electron microscopic observations on nerve cells, axon profiles and varicosites with various vesicle populations were in good agreement with the histochemical findings.
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PMID:Histochemical characterization of myenteric plexus in domestic fowl small intestine. 207 64

Continuous irradiation of bilirubin containing (3.10(-5) M) particles of the synaptosomal membrane (pH 7.2, at 10 degrees C) with blue light for 2 hours led to decrease of the total specific activity of ATPase, specific activity of Na, K-ATPase, and (less significantly and at a slower rate) specific activity of acetilcholinesterase. Pre-irradiation argon barbotage of the aqueous suspension of the synaptosomal membrane particles or addition of tocopherol acetate to the suspension counteracted the irradiation induced decrease of the enzyme activity. A counteraction was also produced by pre-irradiation alkalization of the suspension to pH 7.8 at 10 degrees C or addition of serum albumin to the suspension; the character of the effect of this protein on the activity of the membrane enzymes in irradiation was determined by certain peculiarities of its chemical composition. The strongest counteraction to the irradiation induced decrease of enzyme activity occurred in addition of monomeric albumin, freed of organophilic ligands, when pH of the suspension was 7.8 (10 degrees C). The activity of Na, K-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase was reduced most markedly when monomeric ligand containing albumin was added to a suspension of membrane particles which was acidified to pH 6.8 (10 degrees C) before the beginning of irradiation.
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PMID:[Changes in the synaptosomal membrane in the modelling of the phototherapeutic action used in bilirubin encephalopathy]. 208 81

Arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) were examined in 114 cases of hepato-biliary tract diseases. AKBR of the normal control was 1.47 +/- 0.38, while it remained less than 0.7 in liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alcoholic liver diseases and malignant biliary tract obstruction. AKBR correlated well with serum albumin and cholinesterase. Thirty five cases of HCC were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), 20 cases with gelatin sponge and 15 cases without gelatin sponge. In cases with gelatin sponge AKBR decreased significantly immediately after TAE and recovered gradually during 24 hours. Without gelatin sponge AKBR decreased slightly and remained unchanged until 24 hours later. Concerning the prognosis after TAE, AKBR recovered well in cases with good prognosis, while in poor prognosis AKBR progressively decreased to below 0.3. In experimental TAE with gelatin sponge using rabbit VX2-induced liver tumor, AKBR decreased significantly. In fatal rabbit group after TAE, AKBR decreased progressively. Plasma endotoxin was also measured in TAE with experimental rabbit, AKBR and endotoxin showed reverse correlation. From these results it was suggested that the measurement of AKBR is very useful for the evaluation of efficacy and prognosis of TAE in primary liver cancer.
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PMID:[Changes in arterial ketone body ratio after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma-clinical and experimental studies]. 217 Jul 13

A thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) is known to increase the size and number of mouse bone marrow megakaryocytes, to increase the proportion of megakaryocytes in endomitosis, and to increase the number of small acetylcholinesterase-positive cells. Megakaryocyte ploidy values have not previously been measured in mice treated with TSF from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Therefore, in the present study C3H mice were injected with approximately 4 U of step II TSF; platelet production indices and megakaryocyte ploidy values were measured 1-5 days after treatment. For controls, other mice were injected with saline, human serum albumin (HSA), normal rabbit serum (NRS), or rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS). Platelet counts, platelet sizes, and percent 35S incorporation into platelets were measured using standard techniques. For measurement of megakaryocyte DNA content, bone marrow cells were collected into CATCH medium and incubated with RAMPS, followed by labeling with a saturating concentration of fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragment. After washing, the cells were resuspended in propidium iodide, and DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. When compared to suitable control values, the results showed that TSF caused a significant (p less than 0.025) increase in platelet counts of treated mice by 3 days; both TSF and RAMPS caused significant (p less than 0.0005) increases in platelet sizes and percent 35S incorporation into platelets of mice at 2 and 3 days after treatment. The most frequent polyploid DNA class of megakaryocytes from untreated C3H mice was 32N, confirming our previous observation. Both TSF and RAMPS caused significant (p less than 0.0005) increases in the average polyploid megakaryocyte DNA content, with peak values on days 2 and 3. These data show that TSF administered in vivo significantly increases DNA content of mouse bone marrow megakaryocytes.
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PMID:Thrombopoietin derived from human embryonic kidney cells stimulates an increase in DNA content of murine megakaryocytes in vivo. 219 5

In order to identify non-invasive, biochemical indicators of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure, we have compared the effects in blood serum with biochemical effects in liver in rats fed a diet containing 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 2% DEHP for 2 weeks. After 3 days of treatment serum arylesterase activity levels and serum triglycerides were decreased to 60% and 20% of control values, respectively. After a 2-week treatment with DEHP the effects were generally stronger. Compared to a control group, serum arylesterase activity levels, serum triglycerides and serum cholesterol were decreased to 40%, 20% and 50%, respectively. Serum cholinesterase activity levels and serum albumin concentrations were increased by the DEHP treatment to 290% and 135% of control values, respectively. In the livers a hepatomegaly, an induction of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 and induction of the activity of palmitoyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine acetyl-CoA transferase was found to be 180%, 1080%, 1300% and 1700% of control values, respectively. The liver is a more sensitive target for DEHP exposure compared to the biochemical effects in serum, but determination of the serum parameters can be used to determine early biological effects of exposure to DEHP.
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PMID:Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on enzyme activity levels in liver and serum of rats. 227 65


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