Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although quantitative tests of some hepatic functions have been well established, the determination of serum cholinesterase activity continues to be commonly used in their stead. A critical comparison of the serum cholinesterase activity with these quantitative tests, however, is still lacking. Serum cholinesterase activity was therefore simultaneously compared with galactose elimination capacity (GEC), initial BSP-disappearance rate (BSP-ki), and serum albumin levels in 19 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with various chronic liver diseases. Serum cholinesterase activity was less discriminating between controls and patients than BSP-ki. It appears poorly suited, therefore, as a screening test for mild liver disease. Rank correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and GEC, BSP-ki, and serum albumin were statistically higher significant (r = 0.65, r = 0.74, and r = 0.80 respectively). On a statistical basis, serum cholinesterase activity may, therefore, be regarded as an index of the functional reserve of the liver. Evaluation of individual cases, however, revealed some clinically relevant discrepancies. It is concluded, therefore, that for accurate follow-up studies measurements of serum cholinesterase activity may be insufficient substitutes for the quantitative tests.
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PMID:[Blood cholinesterase and hepatic function: a comparison with BSP and galactose elimination as well as serum albumin concentration]. 70 94

159 cases of different forms of PCM (K.W.O., marasmic K.W.O., marasmus & nutritional oedema together with 20 cases normal healthy controls were selected. Serum, red blood cells and liver cholinesterases were estimated together with serum total protein and serum albumin. Pathological liver examination was done for every case, some cases from each group were followed-up till clinical recovery and the same investigations were done to them. The results indicate that the serum and hepatic pseudo-cholinesterase activity parallels directly the serum albumin (not the total proteins) as well as the pathological changes in the liver. The diminution in enzymatic activities and serum proteins coincides with the severity of the liver affection in the various forms of PCM. Insignificant change in true cholinesterase was demonstrated in all cases studied. Follow-up studies in a number of cases till clinical recovery revealed the return to normal of enzymatic activity and serum albumin is concomitant with restoration of normal pathological liver finding. The significance of changes in serum and liver cholinesterase activities as indices of the extent of liver involvement as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values was discussed.
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PMID:Dual significance of hepatic cholinesterase as an index of liver involvement and state of protein-calorie malnutrition. 81 93

The levels of serum somatomedin peptides were determined with a somatomedin A radioreceptor assay utilizing human placental membranes. Low levels were found in 25 patients with liver cirrhosis and 28 patients with chronic hepatitis with the mean of 0.47 +/- 0.05 and 0.60 +/- 0.04 U/ml, respectively. There was a positive correlation between somatomedin A on one hand and serum albumin, cholinesterase, total cholesterol and thrombotest on the other. There was a negative correlation between somatomedin A and the indocyanine green retention test. These findings confirm earlier results obtained with bioassay.
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PMID:Serum somatomedin peptides measured by somatomedin A radioreceptor assay in chronic liver disease. 91 86

The usefulness of plasma ribonuclease assays was studied in (i) patients with possible protein deficiency, (ii) patients with myelomatosis, (iii) patients with carcinoma of the breast. In each group, the major factor associated with elevation of plasma ribonuclease was impairment of renal function. The assay was therefore of little value in the assessment of patients with myelomatosis or carcinoma of the breast. However, in the patients with possible protein deficiency and normal renal function, an elevation of plasma ribonuclease is, in general, associated with a decrease in serum albumin, transferrin and cholinesterase. Plasma ribonuclease may therefore be a useful parameter in the assessment of protein nutritional status.
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PMID:An assessment of the clinical usefulness of plasma ribonuclease assays. 97 78

Bovine serum albumin, acetylcholinesterase and two non-protein markers were chromatographed on columns of controlled-pore glasses in buffer solutions of varied ionic strengths. Adsorption of protein to the glass and ionic effects due to repulsion of the negatively-charged solutes from the glass matrix were observed. When glasses were treated with Carbowax 20M, the adsorption disappeared but ion exclusion effects persisted. The ionic behavior of Carbowax-treated glasses was similar to that observed by one of the authors when using agarose columns.
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PMID:Ionic effects in the chromatography of proteins on columns of controlled-pore glass. 111 42

The purpose of the study was to determine the magnitude and the aetiology of alterations in serum cholinesterase activity (pseudocholinesterase) in burned patients. Sixty burned patients with an estimated area of burn between 3 and 72% of body surface were investigated. Serum cholinesterase activity, serum albumin concentration and serum bilirubin were measured at various time intervals. The magnitude as well as the rate of fall of serum cholinesterase activity was found to be closely correlated with the severity of burn injury. Minimum levels were often reached 5 to 6 days after the burn injury, at which time the activity might have been depressed by more than 80 per cent. In the most severely burned patients, the activity sometimes remained low for months despite wound healing. Apart from the severity of the burn injury in the individual patient, several important factors determined the level of serum cholinesterase activity at a given time. These included the presence or absence of local or systemic infections, the event of recent surgery such as slough removal or skin grafting, and blood transfusions. The decrease in serum albumin concentration following the burn injury occurred earlier than the decrease in serum cholinesterase activity. Minimum levels were often reached during the first 24 h, after which time the concentration rose to reach fairly constant but decreased levels after 4 to 5 days. Apart from this initial phase, the changes in serum albumin concentration were roughly proportional to the changes in serum cholinesterase activity. The possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Serum cholinesterase activity in burned patients. I: biochemical findings. 118 6

A procedure is described for the isolation of synaptic membrane fragments that retain such functionally important proteins as acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. The method is based on the observation, made in brain slices, that junctional membranes are more resistant to phospholipase A2 attack than mitochondrial or plasma membranes. Hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 was controlled by addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. The membrane fraction obtained represents approximately a 15-fold enrichment of the postsynaptic marker proteins muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase over an ordinary synaptic plasma membrane preparation, and is devoid of mitochondrial and microsomal contaminations. The membranes appear on the electron micrographs as rigid fragments (average length 2500-4000A), which do not form vesicles.
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PMID:Isolation of a synaptic membrane fraction enriched in cholinergic receptors by controlled phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of synaptic membranes. 125 6

The liver and spleen volume ratio (S/L ratio) was estimated with X-ray computed tomography. Clinical usefulness of S/L ratio was evaluated by comparison with other liver functions (retention rate of ICG, total bilirubin, serum albumin and cholinesterase activity) in 42 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver cirrhosis. The correlation between S/L ratio and retention rate of ICG, total bilirubin, serum albumin or cholinesterase activity was good (r = 0.870, r = 0.719, r = -0.691, or r = -0.606, respectively p less than 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between S/L ratio and retention rate of ICG or total bilirubin. Negative correlation was observed between S/L ratio and serum albumin or cholinesterase activity. In conclusion, the measurement of S/L ratio on computed tomography was considered to be useful as an evaluation for the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis by considering both effective hepatic blood flow and portal hypertension.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of the measurement of hepatosplenic volume ratio by computed tomography]. 131 41

The Coomassie brilliant blue assay for the determination of protein has been extended to rapidly and conveniently measure the protein concentration of cells growing in culture in a 96-well microtiter format. Modifications of the standard assay include sodium hydroxide to solubilize the cells and ovalbumin, instead of bovine serum albumin, as a protein standard. The procedure allows a large number of small samples to be assayed simultaneously. Two examples of its use, enzyme-specific activity and drug resistance, are shown. An assay for acetylcholinesterase activity in the same culture plate is demonstrated. G418, an inhibitor of cell protein synthesis, is frequently used to select for cells transfected with the neomycin resistance gene. The required concentration of G418 can be easily determined with this protein assay.
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PMID:A microtiter assay for determining protein, acetylcholinesterase activity, and G418 (Neomycin) resistance in cultured cells. 137 3

We have already reported significant elevation of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the acute phase of infection. In this study, we compared the responses to infection between patients with frequently repeated infection (repeaters) and others (non-repeaters). We examined the clinical data and serum G-CSF levels in 48 patients with acute infections. Serum G-CSF levels were significantly lower in repeaters than in non-repeaters (197.7 +/- 370.0 vs. 1014.1 +/- 924.4 pg/ml. P less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in age, serum total protein, or cholinesterase between the groups, but serum albumin was significantly lower in repeaters than in non-repeaters (2.87 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.31 +/- 0.4 g/dl. P less than 0.005). It is suggested that administration of recombinant G-CSF may be useful for patients with repeated infections.
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PMID:Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with repeated infections. 138 17


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