Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral contraceptives (OCs) may influence or effect dental treatments in several ways. OC preparations containing estrogen and progestogen inhibit ovulation by an action on the hypothalamus. Progestogen also produces local effects on the endometrium, cervical mucus and possibly uterine tubes. A number of drugs commonly used by dentists reduce OC effectiveness. Pregnancies have been reported among OC users taking ampicillin and tetracycline, which are suspected to interfere with the enterohepatic recirculation of steroids or enzyme induction. Phenoxymethylpenicillin should also be used with caution. Breakthrough bleeding and pregnancy have been associated with chlordiazepoxide. Antihistamines and carbamazepine may also reduce OC effectiveness. OCs may increase sensitivity to pethidine and reduce serum cholinesterase levels. 5% of the dental patients in Great Britain may be taking OCs and dentists should inform patients of possible drug interactions. OC overdose has been associated with hypertrophic gingivitis, marked gingival erythema, bleeding and pregnancy-type epulis. In normal doses, they may cause gingivitis with an increase in gingival exudate and in the number of inflamed papillae. In general, clinical manifestations of OC use are nonexistent or minimal. An increased incidence of postoperative localized osteitis following the removal of mandibular 3rd molars in patients taking OCs is reported and could be avoided if surgery was done prior to the use of OCs or possibly was conducted during a period of abstinence. Menstrually related oral ulceration has been successfully treated with OCs, however, this treatment is suggested only following definitive diagnosis.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and the dental practitioner. 695 25