Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The innervation of the thymus was studied in SCID mice: There was a relatively more dense innervation pattern in SCID mice as compared to normal BALB/c mice (from which SCID mice are derived), including nerve fibres immunoreactive for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), although there was no reactivity to substance P (SP) or leucine enkephalin (ENK). Only a few acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive nerve fibres were observed in the SCID thymus. Ten weeks after the transfer of bone marrow from normal BALB/c mice into SCID mice no immunoreactivity to the above markers was found, nor was there any AChE reaction, although histologically the thymus appeared normal and dot-blot assays demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin indicating a return to normal bone marrow function in SCID mice. Both innervation and morphology were restored 6 months after bone marrow transfer. In conclusion, the thymus of SCID mice lacking thymocytes has visible neurotransmitter levels in the nerves, but after thymocyte repopulation by bone marrow transplantation the transmitters are generally not demonstrable. This indicates that the innervation may be more important for the establishment of the microenvironment rather than the maintenance of thymocyte differentiation.
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PMID:Innervation of the thymus in normal and bone marrow reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. 914 33

To study the role of the stress-induced "readthrough" acetylcholinesterase splice variant, AChE-R, in thrombopoiesis, we used transgenic mice overexpressing human AChE-R (TgR). Increased AChE hydrolytic activity in the peripheral blood of TgR mice was associated with increased thrombopoietin levels and platelet counts. Bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells from TgR mice presented an elevated capacity to produce mixed (GEMM) and megakaryocyte (Mk) colonies, which showed intensified labeling of AChE-R and its interacting proteins RACK1 and PKC. When injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), parent strain FVB/N mice, but not TgR mice, showed reduced platelet counts. Therefore, we primed human CD34+ cells with the synthetic ARP26 peptide, derived from the cleavable C-terminus of AChE-R prior to transplantation, into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Engraftment of human cells (both CD45+ and CD41+ Mk) was significantly increased in mice that received ARP26-primed CD34+ human cells versus mice that received fresh nonprimed CD34+ human cells. Moreover, ARP26 induced polyploidization and proplatelet shedding in human MEG-01 promegakaryotic cells, and human platelet engraftment increased following ex vivo expansion of ARP26-treated CD34+ cells as compared to cells expanded with thrombopoietin and stem cell factor. Our findings implicate AChE-R in thrombopoietic recovery, suggesting new therapeutic modalities for supporting platelet production.
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PMID:Stress-induced cholinergic signaling promotes inflammation-associated thrombopoiesis. 1638 Apr 50