Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increased incidence of renal insufficiency is observed in severe damage of liver parenchyma such as fulminant hepatitis, decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, septic cholangitis and the different forms of obstructive jaundice. Functional circulatory disturbances of the kidney, especially of the renal cortex, are of importance in the aetiology of this condition. Dopamine, at a dosage as low as 3 gamma/kg/min leads to an improvement in renal blood flow and also to an increase in hepatic blood flow. These observations are of therapeutic importance. Some important circulatory and functional parameters of both these organs, which influence each other under normal and pathological conditions, were studied in the presence of dopamine and the following results were obtained: 1. An investigation of the intrarenal haemodynamics with 133 Xenon in patients with severe cirrhosis of the liver and in patients with obstructive jaundice resulted in an increase of 91% in the mean renal blood flow. The blood flow in the renal cortex increased by 36.2% and in the renal medulla 18.5%, whereas the renal fat tissue showed no change. Compartment I, which was diminished as compared with the control value, also increased. The percentage contribution of the mean renal blood flow and the blood flow of the renal cortex towards the cardiac output was greater under the influence of dopamine; hence a greater part of the cardiac output flows into the kidney under dopamine. 2. The glomerular filtrate and the renal plasma flow increased under dopamine (13.5% and 43.1%, respectively). The increase was greater in compensated than in decompensated cirrhosis. In patients with obstructive jaundice there was a smaller increase in both these parameters than in patients with cirrhosis in the presence of dopamine. No connection was found between the increase in renal plasma flow with dopamine and the blood levels of bilirubin, cholinesterase, GOT and the Normotest. 3. The urinary output of sodium increased by 191.4% with dopamine. Patients with an initial renal plasma flow value of over 300 ml/min had a higher sodium output. These patients also eliminated more sodium under the influence of dopamine than those with an initial renal plasma flow value of under 300 ml/min. 4. Blood flow determinations in the portal vein and the hepatic artery in man, obtained during operation, showed an increase in portal flow of 28.5% and hepatic artery flow of 6.3% in response to dopamine. The percentage contribution of portal blood flow towards the cardiac output increase on dopamine administration. The functional hepatic blood flow, analyzed with 131-J-BSP, did not change. The wedged hepatic vein pressure, which is a good measure of portal pressure, increased on average by only 7% with dopamine at a dosage of 3 gamma/kg/min, but by 20.3% with twice the dosage. Dopamine did not cause a change in hepatic blood volume; hence, blood sequestration in the liver can be excluded in response to the dopamine-evoked increase in portal blood flow. 5...
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental investigations of the effect of dopamine on haemodynamics and function of kidney and liver (author's transl)]. 27 63

In 104 patients with acute virus hepatitis, chronic hepatitides, cirrhoses, fatty livers and biliary diseases with partial and complete obstructive jaundice, respectively, IgG, IgA, IgD, beta1A- and beta1E-globulin, cholinesterase, total protein, and albumin, in 45 of these patients additionally prealbumin, retinol binding protein, thymol turbidity test were determined as well as an electrophoretic separation of the serum was performed. 11 persons with healthy liver served as control group. According to the results of univariate and multivariate variance analyses with following test of redundance (test for indispensability) and analysis of discriminance with calculations of reclassification IgD, beta1E-globulin and retinol binding protein were identified as not evident or redundant. Electrophoresis and thymol turbidity test give sufficient basis informations and can further be recommended for orienting examinations. Immune globulinogrammes from IgB, IgA and IgM are suitable as so-called mesenchyma tests particularly for controls of the course. Prealbumin and cholinesterase prove to be the most sensitive parameter of synthesis, whereas albumin and beta1A-globulin possess a high prognostic evidence.
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PMID:[Discriminatory function of serum proteins in liver and biliary tract diseases]. 91 May 27

Hepatic protein synthesis rate (HPS) in human livers were measured to evaluate hepatic functional reserve. HPS of 34 patients who underwent operations were studied and were divided into 4 groups. Normal liver (n = 7), obstructive jaundice (n = 9), liver cirrhosis (n = 8) and other hepatic dysfunction (n = 10). HPS in normal liver was 6.9 +/- 3.0 nmol/mg wet wt./10 min. HPS in obstructive jaundice liver was 17.1 +/- 10.3, and HPS in liver cirrhosis was 47.5 +/- 17.8. There were significant differences among these three groups. HPS correlated well with cholinesterase (r = -0.6533, P less than 0.01) and ICGR15 (r = 0.7315, P less than 0.01). In 15 patients who received hepatectomy, relations between HPS and postoperative complication were studied. There were no complications in patients whose HPS were less than 20 nmol/mg wet wt./10 min. in major hepatic resection and in patient whose HPS were less than 40 in a segmentectomy. Even if HPS were elevated, the operations were safe in subsegmentectomy and partial hepatectomy. So HPS would be one of the good indices to evaluate hepatic functional reserve.
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PMID:[Hepatic protein synthesis rate as an index of hepatic functional reserve in human liver]. 194 10

The authors reviewed the clinical charts and the radiographic files of 93 patients with obstructive jaundice--in 86 cases due to neoplasm--treated with PTBD. The test of differences from survival curves was used to identify the clinical parameters predictive of short survival after PTBD. The difference in survival curves was significant relative to serum indirect bilirubin (cut point: 7.6 mg%), to serum cholinesterase (cut point: 1290 mU/ml), to white blood cell counts (cut point: 8600/mm3), to blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (cut point: 60 mg%). Because of the marked negative prognostic value of high BUN levels, our data seem to indicate that PTBD should not be performed when severe renal insufficiency is present. Other parameters correlated with a short survival after PTBD were the histotype of metastasis (in comparison with the other ones), and large neoplastic volume (in comparison with a small and a medium ones). Through pre-PTBD radiological and laboratory data analysis, a group of patients can be selected in whom the procedure will increase neither well-being nor survival, as plotted against those patients who are likely to benefit from biliary drainage.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage]. 205 99

The disappearance rate of indocyanine green (K.ICG) and the maximum removal rate (Rmax) usually correlate with each other. However, in some cases it was shown there was a dissociation between them. We investigated the relationship between the two rates in 146 subjects. K.ICG and Rmax correlated strongly with a correlation coefficient of 0.749 (p less than 0.001). Sixty-six cases were included in the limits of 95% confidence, and the other 80 cases outside the limits were defined as dissociated cases. Among them a lower Rmax rate as compared to the K.ICG rate was found in many cases of obstructive jaundice. Particularly a lower K.ICG rate compared to the Rmax rate was found in many cases of liver cirrhosis accompanied by esophageal varices and idiopathic portal hypertension. On the other hands, we performed multiple regression analysis on 12 other liver function tests. K.ICG was strongly related to platelet count, circulatory blood volume, and albumin, all factors relating to portal hypertension. Rmax largely depended on LCAT, A/G ratio, and cholinesterase, which are Therefore, the dissociation between K.ICG and Rmax was caused by differences in the characteristic of each disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of correlation between the disappearance rate of indocyanine green and the maximum removal rate]. 223 72

Clinical usefulness of mean transit time (MTT) through the liver was evaluated by deconvolution analysis using 99mTc-EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 82 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and 18 normal controls. Initial transfer factor was also obtained according to the method of Rutland. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Effect of the age on MTT was not observed in normal controls. 2) MTT in left lobe of normal controls was significantly prolonged compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3) MTT in patients with obstructive jaundice, chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis at decompensative state and primary biliary cirrhosis was significantly prolonged compared with that in normal controls (P less than 0.01). 4) MTT in patients with liver cirrhosis at compensative state showed normal values, although blood clearance rate in those patients was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). 5) Positive correlation was observed between MTT and values of T-Bil, ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP. Negative correlation was observed between MTT and value of cholinesterase. 6) Initial transfer factor correlated with blood clearance rate. (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). 7) Initial transfer factor in left lobe of normal controls was significantly decreased compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 8) Initial transfer factor in patients with liver cirrhosis in both compensative and decompensative states and PBC was significantly decreased compared with that in normal controls. Estimation of MTT and initial transfer factor could be a useful parameters to assess transfer function of the liver.
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PMID:[Hepatic mean transit time of 99mTc-EHIDA estimated by deconvolution analysis]. 232 33

The measurement of the plasma activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, aldolase, cholinesterase, and isocitric, lactic, and phosphogluconic dehydrogenases in random samples of blood was found to be of no value in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatic cirrhosis, and neoplastic conditions involving the liver. Serial determinations of the enzyme activities provided useful information about the course of certain hepatic disorders, particularly acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Multiple plasma enzyme activities in liver disease. 1371 59