Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of examinations of 15 children the authors consider that recurrent constipation and fecal discharges as complications of a remote postoperative period take place more frequently than incontinence of feces. One of the causes of constipation after radical operation for Hirschsprung's disease may be a long hypoganglionic zone of the distal portion of the colon. To solve the question about reoperation of children with Hirschsprung's disease the complex examination must necessarily include the determination of activity of tissue acetylcholinesterase in colon mucosa biopsies, balloon proctography, sphincterotonometry, endoscopic examination of the colon in addition to irrigography.
 ...
PMID:[The diagnosis and treatment of complications in the late periods after operations for Hirschsprung's disease in children]. 166 8

1. Daily i.p. administration, for eight days, of the cholinesterase inhibitor disulfoton to rats produced mild to moderate signs of intoxication (tremors, incontinence and diarrhoea) but no deaths.2. Segments of ileum taken from the treated rats were subsensitive to carbachol but the vas deferens and the uterus did not exhibit any change in sensitivity to carbachol.3. The sensitivity to acetylcholine was increased in the ileum and vas deferens but not in the uterus.4. Acetylcholinesterase activity was 60-70% inhibited in all three tissues.
 ...
PMID:Response of the rat ileum, uterus and vas deferens to carbachol and acetylcholine following repeated daily administration of a cholinesterase inhibitor. 476 90

Thirty-eight patients with spinal cord lesions, 22 recent and 16 sustained more than three years previously, were investigated with intravenous pyelography, chrome EDTA clearance, cystoscopy and urodynamic studies. Analyses of bladder biopsies for tissue concentrations of nor-adrenaline and occurrence of acetylcholinesterase staining of nerves were also performed. Despite high incidence of fairly mild infections and trabeculation of the bladder, renal function was normal in most patients. Apart from incontinence, stone formation and recurrent urinary tract infections were the most common complications. The concentrations of noradrenaline and the numbers of acetylcholinesterase-stained nerves in bladder tissue specimens did not differ from control findings. The organization of the nerve structures did not vary with time after the injury, suggesting unchanged adrenergic and cholinergic innervation.
 ...
PMID:Renal and bladder functions in patients after spinal cord injuries. 793 62

Abnormal innervation of the anorectum was noted in relation to anal incontinence in a case of repaired high-type anorectal malformation (ARM). A ten-year-old boy presented with anal incontinence after reconstructive surgery of ARM with a recto-urethral fistula. An anorectal manometrical examination revealed both an adequate tonus of the anal sphincter muscles and the absence of rectoanal reflex relaxation. And a barium enema showed a narrow region in the rectosigmoid colon, which was similar to that of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Furthermore, an acetylcholinesterase (ACE) histochemical study of the rectal suction biopsies revealed an increased number of ACE-positive nerve fibers in the lamina propria mucosae and muscularis mucosae of the pulled-through colon. At the same time, however, some ganglia cells were also observed in the submucosa of the affected rectosigmoid colon and these cells could not be found in HD. Although the mechanism by which the abnormally innervated parasympathetic nerve fibers arose in the pulled-through colon remains unclear, this neuronal abnormality is considered to be the cause of anal incontinence in this case.
 ...
PMID:Acetylcholinesterase (ACE) staining shows the abnormal innervation of a pulled-through rectum in a case of repaired anorectal malformation. 929 26

A cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still far off, and clinicians face the burden of caring for patients at all stages of dementia for the foreseeable future. Those with advanced disease suffer neurological symptoms and signs that include incontinence; problems with gait and mobility; marked cognitive, language, and functional impairment; and in about 90% of patients, significant behavior problems. Dementia precludes the ability to initiate meaningful activities or social interactions. Whether patients are resident in the community or living in a nursing home, this composite reflects a highly complex medical and neuropsychiatric management challenge. Predictable medical conditions also must be addressed (i.e., those that accompany dementia, such as parkinsonism, and those that are prevalent in any aging population, such as hypertension). Clinicians can better address these problems with awareness of current treatment options. Placebo-controlled trials of some psychotropic agents have shown modest favorable effects on behavior problems. Use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) to treat cognitive impairment and secondary behavioral symptoms derives primarily from results of placebo-controlled clinical trials. Trials in patients with moderate to severe AD, outpatients as well as nursing home residents, show overall effects similar to those seen in outpatients with milder dementia. Treatment with AChEIs may delay institutional placement. Memantine has shown benefit in trials in moderate to severe dementia, although it is not yet approved in the United States. Emerging data have expanded physicians' ability to use pharmacotherapy in patients with advanced dementia. Physicians need to enact the principle that something can be done for our afflicted parents and grandparents.
 ...
PMID:Medical management of advanced dementia. 1280 87

The aim of this study was to give a microscopic description of the organization, the innervation and the slow or fast type of the striated fibers of the external urethral sphincter in the female rat. Conventional methods for photonic microscopy and immunochemistry were applied to cross and longitudinal sections of snap-frozen urethra. With hematoxylin-eosin stained cross sections, striated fibers are of small diameter and attached directly to the surrounding connective tissue. They are innervated by cholinergic endplates as shown by acetylcholinesterase techniques and alpha-bungarotoxin binding. The histological aspects of the cross sections as well as the distribution of endplates along the length of the sphincter suggest an organization of the fibers in four bundles, possibly acting as a photographic diaphragm does. Like striated skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers bind monoclonal antibodies against dystrophin with subsarcolemmal distribution and against desmin which visualizes striations. All the fibers express fast myosin heavy chains and very few co-express slow myosin heavy chains as determined by immunocytochemistry. We are taking advantage of the diaphragmatic organization of the striated sphincter to develop a longitudinal section as a model of chronic incontinence to test the efficiency of grafted myoblasts provided by fast striated skeletal muscle.
 ...
PMID:The striated urethral sphincter in female rats. 1293 77

Clinicians often encounter patients with dementia and urge incontinence who might benefit from both an anticholinergic medication and a cholinesterase inhibitor. At first glance, this combination would seem to violate basic principles of geriatric pharmacology, as the drugs appear to be working at cross-purposes and anticholinergic medications are notorious for worsening cognitive function in susceptible patients. A case is presented and discussed in which this combination was clinically effective and pharmacologically sound.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of urinary incontinence with anticholinergics in patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia. 1511 61

Uro-neurological assessment was performed in four patients with small-fiber neuropathy due to amyloidosis (2 transthyretin-type/2 immunoglobulin light-chain-type). Voiding difficulties were due to detrusor weakness and impaired bladder sensation. In two patients cholinesterase inhibition treatment caused urge incontinence, indicating detrusor denervation supersensitivity. The underlying mechanisms of urinary dysfunction seem to involve postganglionic cholinergic and afferent somatic nerves.
 ...
PMID:Urinary dysfunction and autonomic control in amyloid neuropathy. 1647 99

Behavioral problems produce excess disability that can be potentially devastating in cognitively impaired patients. These behavioral symptoms can be a major cause of stress, anxiety and concern for caregivers. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control these symptoms, they have the potential for significant side effects, which include sedation, disinhibition, depression, falls, incontinence, parkinsonism and akathisias. On examination of the consequences of adverse events, somnolence, as well as postural instability and postural hypotension, have been noted. All patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other progressive dementias will advance through stages of moderate-to-severe AD unless effective treatments suspend transition from mild deterioration to dementia, or competitive mortality truncates survival. Treatment trials suggest that these patients respond to both disease-modifying (such as inhibitors of cholinesterase and butirrylcholinesterase) and symptomatic (such as neuroleptics) agents. Relatively few studies have been conducted in this patient population, and more information regarding the type of behavioral disturbances exhibited, how best to measure them in this disabled population and their optimum treatment are urgently needed.
 ...
PMID:Atypical neuroleptics as a treatment of agitation and anxiety in Alzheimer's disease: risks or benefits. 1673 18

Elderly patients represent a huge market for the pharmaceutical industry because population is aging and multimorbidity is concentrated on the last years of life. The risk of inappropriate prescribing is high in this age group. Among the potentially toxic drugs, antimuscarinics occupy a prominent place. It should be necessary as far as possible to avoid them, especially if treatments are illogical. In the case of incontinence due to prostatic disease anticholinergic drugs usually worsen the problem. In patients with dementia, they have an opposite effect to inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Where no alternatives exist, it is recommended to make short term treatments and to reassess periodically the indication.
 ...
PMID:[From loss of autonomy to dysautonomia: anticholinergic drugs in geriatrics]. 2117 38


1 2 Next >>