Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differentiation-dependent expression of enzyme loci was evaluated in two human leukemic cell lines, the pluripotent leukemia cell line K-562 and the promyelocytic-like cell line HL-60. Acetylcholinesterase, a marker of erythroid differentiation, was present in K-562 cells and absent in HL-60 cells. This difference between the two lines was apparently unrelated to dosage effect; other enzymes carried on trisomic chromosomes in K-562 cells did not show dosage effect. Acetylcholinesterase activity was higher in subclone K-562 (S), which shows higher expression of hemoglobin. Electrophoretic mobility of acetylcholinesterase from K-562 (S) was of fetal type.
Cancer Res 1983 Nov
PMID:Expression of erythroid acetylcholinesterase in the K-562 leukemia cell line. 657 51

Acetylcholinesterase, an erythroid marker constitutively expressed in K-562 cells, can be further induced by sodium butyrate. The highest level of acetylcholinesterase induction is reached in approximately equal to 3 days, in parallel with increased hemoglobin expression. Acetylcholinesterase induction is reversible, and repeated addition of butyrate is necessary to maintain a high level of the enzyme. Actinomycin D inhibits the induction.
Cancer Res 1984 Sep
PMID:Regulation of acetylcholinesterase expression in the K-562 cell line. 658 44

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10

This study analyzed the nutritional status of cancer patients in relation to type and site of origin of the tumor, stage of disease, and previous chemical or radiation therapy. The analysis was performed on 321 patients (280 with cancer and 41 controls). The nutritional parameters included per cent of weight loss, anthropometric indices (arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference), creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and cholinesterase, C3 and C4 components of complement, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters.
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PMID:Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients. 709 67

The nutritional status and skin reactivity of 82 cancer patients were determined before surgery and compared with the postoperative complication rate. The nutritional status of 47 patients was evaluated by weight, height, weight-loss, arm muscle circumference, triceps skin-fold measurements, serum albumin, pre-albumin, retinolbinding protein, tranferrin, and cholinesterase. In 35 patients protein catabolism was assessed by the urea production rate (catabolism greater than 15 g/d). Immunity was assessed by the total lymphocyte count and a skin reactivity test. Using these criteria, 55% of the patients were malnourished. Curative operations could only be carried out in 17.4% of the malnourished, but in 50% of the normally nourished patients (P less than 0.0001). Postoperative complications were increased in malnourished patients (47%) when compared with normally nourished patients (20%, P less than 0.05). In anergic and malnourished cancer patients no curative surgical treatment was possible. Due to the increased postoperative complication rate in malnourished cancer patients, nutritional assessment, including the determination of cellular immunity should be performed after admission.
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PMID:[Malnutrition and postoperative complication rate in cancer patients (author's transl)]. 710 95

The history of a 6-year-old girl with a tumor originating from thoracic spine and finally becoming resistant to surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy is reported. Tumor-biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy, in cell culture, by acetylcholinesterase ultracytochemistry, and by quantitative catecholamine analysis and this led to the rejection of the initial diagnosis of a neuroblastoma. Light microscopy revealed a uniform population of undifferentiated cells incompletely lobulated by broad fibrovascular septa. Using the electron microscope, cells were characterized by large intracellular pools of glycogen, little cytoplasm with an abundance of free ribosomes and a paucity of organelles. A few cells displayed desmosome-like attachment sites. Staining for specific and unspecific acetylcholinesterase was negative with light and electron microscopy, as were the results of catecholamine histofluorescence using the glyoxylic acid method. The latter result was confirmed by the negative outcome of quantitative analyses of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline with high pressure liquid chromatography nd electrochemical detection in tissue samples. Tumor cells could easily be maintained in culture for up to 4 weeks. None of a variety of treatments that are known to favor expression of neuronal characteristics in neuroblastoma cells (serum withdrawal, nerve growth factor, dbcAMP, dexamethasone) induced morphological differentiation in cultured tumor cells. On the basis of the clinical history, morphology, and of our experiments with tumor cells, the diagnosis of a so-called extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is most likely. Our results strengthen the view that a cell biology approach may be valuable in neuroblastoma differential diagnosis.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1982
PMID:Ultrastructural, biochemical, and cell-culture studies of a presumed extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma with special reference to differential diagnosis from neuroblastoma. 711 92

Serum arylesterase isozyme patterns were studied in 184 normal healthy individuals, 290 cancer patients and 466 patients with various diseases. No abnormal patterns were seen in the normal healthy subjects. Several abnormal patterns found in the group of cancer patients and patients with various diseases are described. In the majority of patients with cancer of the liver there is an abnormal additional cathodal band. The most cathodal band in normals or the two most cathodal bands in the patients with hepatoma with double cathodal bands stained for cholinesterase as well as for arylesterase. We also studied serum arylesterase activity on the basis of the kinetic release of beta-naphthol in these groups. The mean activity in normal healthy individuals agrees with that reported earlier. In patients with cancer and with miscellaneous other diseases, the mean activity is lower but the range of values in the two groups is very wide.
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PMID:Arylesterase isoenzymes and activity in normal healthy adults and in patients with cancer and with other diseases. 741 94

A pharmacological analysis was made of the depolarizing acetylcholine (ACh) response found on the gastric mill I muscles of the crabs Cancer pagurus, Cancer irroratus and Cancer borealis. Acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, trimethylammonium, nicotine, and dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium were effective in producing contractures and depolarizations in these muscles. No response to decamethonium, suberyldicholine, acetyl-beta-methylcholine, carbamyl-beta-methylcholine, pilocarpine and oxotremorine could be detected. High concentrations of muscarinic agonists (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) potentiated and prolonged the ACh iontophoretic response. When the acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited with neostigmine, or when the response was elicited with carbamylcholine, muscarinic agonists partially inhibited the response. ACh responses were most effectively blocked by vertebrate nicotinic ganglionic antagonists, including dihydro-beta-erythroidine, pempidine, and mecamylamine. alpha-Bungarotoxin was without effect on the ACh response.
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PMID:The pharmacological profile of the acetylcholine response of a crustacean muscle. 745 35

Blood group antigens (BGAs) are chemical moieties on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Some BGAs (e.g., A, B, H, Lewis, P, I) are widely distributed throughout the body and may not be primarily erythroid antigens. Statistical correlations with ABO blood groups and disease have been made for years and have been highly controversial. It is not known if BGAs have a biological function. There are increasing reports of BGAs [e.g., Le(x) (an isomer of Le(a)), Le(y) (an isomer of Le(b)), T, Tn, "A-like"] appearing as "new" antigens on malignant tissue. Their presence and membrane density appears to correlate with the metastatic potential of the tumor. This often parallels loss of normal BGAs (e.g., ABH) from the tissue. Some of these antigens have been shown to influence the humoral and cellular response and have been used in assays to determine preclinical cancer, and in tumor immunotherapy. Interactions of some parasites and bacteria with human cells have been shown to depend on the presence of certain BGAs. P. vivax malarial parasites only enter human RBCs when the Fy6 Duffy blood group protein is present on the RBCs. Certain E. coli will only attach to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract if P or Dr BGAs are present in the epithelial cells. The P antigen is also the RBC receptor for Parvovirus B19. Leb has recently been found to be the receptor for H. pylori in the gastric tissue. The high frequency BGA, AnWj, is the RBC receptor for H. influenzae. BGAs have been shown to be associated closely with some important complement proteins. Ch/Rg BGAs have been found not to be true BGAs but are RBC-bound C4 (C4d). Knops/McCoy/York BGAs have been located on the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1). The high frequency BGAs of the Cromer (Cr) system are located on decay accelerating factor (DAF or CD55). Cartwright (Yt) BGAs are located on RBC acetylcholinesterase molecules. DAF and acetylcholinesterase are on phosphatidylinositol-glycan (PIG) linked proteins. When the PIG anchor is missing from RBCs, as in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, the affected RBCs lack all Cr, Yt, JMH, Hy/Gy, Do and Emm BGAs. The most important ligand for P, E and L selectins is sialyl-Le(x). This interaction is the tethering stage that start the leukocytes' journey from the circulation into the tissue. It appears that malignant cells may move through tissue in a similar way and may explain the close association of Le(x) with metastasis. Thus, there are increasing data suggesting a biological role for BGAs unrelated to the RBC.
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PMID:Blood group antigens as tumor markers, parasitic/bacterial/viral receptors, and their association with immunologically important proteins. 771 84

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the ability of single and combined prognostic parameters in predicting postoperative infections in cancer surgical patients. The evaluation was based on multiple logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The Younden's index (YI) was used to select threshold values of the parameters. This analysis was applied in 398 patients undergoing curative elective surgery for gastric, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer. At admission, the percentage of body weight loss, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, and serum cholinesterase activity were evaluated. In all patients, the type and rate of postoperative infection were recorded. Multiple logistic analysis showed weight loss as the most predictive variable (p = 0.02), when taken individually. Its best cutoff value was 10% (YI = 1.27, p = 0.00001, ROC area = 0.62). When serum albumin was added as the second-best variable, with a threshold of 35 g/L, the combined YI was 1.27, and the ROC area was 0.65 (p NS vs. weight loss). Total lymphocyte count dichotomized at 2200 million/L was the third variable added to weight loss and serum albumin (YI = 1.31, ROC area = 0.59). In conclusion, weight loss split at 10% appears as the only index with a moderate prognostic performance that is worth evaluating in the preoperative nutrition assessment. A nonsignificant improvement of predictive ability was obtained by the combination of serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, total iron-binding capacity, or serum cholinesterase activity.
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PMID:Lack of improvement of prognostic performance of weight loss when combined with other parameters. 774 43


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